v^^ ^ 



e-. 



v\v~ , . , , 



^^ 



-^o 



^A V 






:.y 



A 



^^% 






>" 






MATERIA MEDIOA 



AMERICAN PEOYIJSGS. 

Br 

C. HERme, M. D. w. WILLIAMSON, M B 

J.JEANES, M.D. C. NEIDHARD, M. D 

C. B. MATTHEWS, M. D. s. DUBS, M. D. 

C. BUTE, M. D. 

CONTilOTNG THE PROVIXGS OF 

Aciaum Unzoicum, Acidum fiuoricum, Acidum o.alicu^, ElaUrium 
Eupatoriumperfoliatum, Kalmia latifolia, Lohdia inflata, ' 
Lobelia cardinalis, Podophyllum peltaium, 
Sanguinaria canadensis, and THoUeum perfoliatum. 

COLLECTED AND ARKANGED 

BY 

^ |mman Institute nf ^^m^mi, 

WITH A REPERTORY, 

BY 

W. p. ESREY, M.D. 

SECOND THOUSAND. , 

1853. 

PHI LAD E LP H I A • 

PUBLISHED BY RADEMACHER & SHEEK, 

No. 239 ARCH STREET. 







Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853, by 

RADEMACHER & SHEER, 

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court, for the Eastern District of 
Pennsylvania. 



MINUTES OF THE SESSIONS OF 1844 AND 1845. 



m 

July, 1843, in view of the benefit to be derived from a mutual 
cultivation of the art by the various members of our school 
throughout the United States, appointed a committee to draft and 
send suitable invitations to them. They performed the duty as- 
signed them, and on the 10th of April, 1844, a convention of the 
practitioners of Homoeopathy of the United States, took place in the 
city of New York, at the Lyceum of Natural History, upon the 
anniversary of the birth of the illustrious Hahnemann. 

Dr. CoNSTANTiNE Hering, of Philadelphia, was elected Presi- 
dent; Dr. JosiAH F. Flagg, of Boston, Dr. William Ckanning, 
of New York, Vice Presidents, and Henry G. Dunnel, Secretary. 

A preamble and resolutions in these words were adopted, viz : 

Whereas, a majo'-ity of the alloeopathic physicians continue to 
deride and oppose the contributions to the materia medica that have 
been made by the Homoeopathic School ; and w^hereas, the state 
of the materia medica in both schools is such as imperatively to 
demand a more satisfactory arrangement and greater purity of 
observation, which can only be obtained by associate action on the 
part of those who seek diligently for truth alone ; and, inasmuch 
as the state of the public information respecting the principles and 
practice of Homoeopathy is so defective as to make it easy for 
mere pretenders to this very difficult branch of the healing art to 
acquire credit as proficients in the same ; 

Therefore, Resolved, That it is deemed expedient to establish a 
society entitled "The American Institute of Homoeopathy:" and 
the following are declared to be the essential purposes of said In- 
stitute : 

1st. The reformation and augmentation of the Materia Medica. 

2d. The restraining of Physicians from pretending to be compe- 
tent to practice Homoeopathy who have not studied it in a carefcl 
and skilful manner. 



4 MINUTES. 

Dr. John F. Gray was elected General Secretary of the Insti- 
tute, and Dr. S. R. Kirby, Treasurer. 
The Convention then adjourned. 

First session of the " American Institute of Homoeopathy'' was 
organized immediately after the adjournment of the Convention on 
the evening of the 10th of April, 1844, at the call of the General 
Secretary elect. 

Dr. FJagg, of Boston, was chosen, «' viva voce," Chairman for the 
session. 

On motion, the following named gentlemen were appointed the 
'i Corresponding Committee'' for the year 1844, and until the next 
annual meeting of the Institute: Drs. Clark, (of Maine,) Flagg, 
Okie,^Taft, Cook, Fairchild, Gosewisch, Williamson, McManus, 
Pulte, Piper, Mose, Spalding, and Pilkin. 

On motion, the following members were appointed the Pub- 
lishing Committee, viz: Drs. Gray, Dunnel, and Kirby. 

On motion, the following named gentlemen were constituted a 
Bureau for the augmentation and improvement of the Materia 
Medica : Doctors Hering, Lingen, Jeanes, Neidhard and William- 
son. 

The Institute then procefded to elect, by open nomination, six 
boards of censors for the examination of future candidates for mem- 
bership. The following named members were chosen, viz : 

1st Board— Drs. Albus Rea, E. Clark, Jno. Merrill, all of Port- 
land. Maine. 

2d Board— Drs. J. F. Flagg, Charles Wild,L. Clark, F. Clark, 
and Wm. Wesselhoeft, all of Boston. 

3d Board— Drs. Jno. F. Gray, William Channing, A. S. Ball, 
Abram D. Wilson, and H. G. Dunnel, all of New York city. 

4th Board for western New York — Drs. Taylor of Rochester, 
Cator of Syracuse, Williams of Geneva, Robinson of Auburn, and 
Humphreys of Utica. 

5th Board — Drs. Hering, Kitchen, Neidhard, Jeanes, and Green, 
of Philadelphia. 

6th Board — Drs. Haynel and McManus, of Baltimore, and Piper 
of Washington. 

Dr. A. G. Hull was elected Provisional Secretary. 

Dr. Kirby moved that gentlemen of the profession whose names 
are not enrolled in the Institute, who wish to join it, can be enrol- 
led by the Secretary, on their wish being made known, on or be- 
fore the meeting of 1846. 

On motion, adjourned to meet to-morrow at 11 o'clock, A. M 



MIl^UTES. 5 

April 11th— Met agreeably to adjournment at 11 o'clock, 
A. M., Dr Flagoj in the Chair. 

Dr. Hull presented a paper entitled ''Homoeopathy and Allceopathy 
contrasted, and a few of the causes which prevent the advance of 
true medical science, iUustrated by cases in practice," by Geo. W. 
Cook, M. D., of Hudson, N. Y. (Referred to the Publishing Com- 
mittee.) 

Dr. Williamson, of Philadelphia, presented a paper on the 
« Podophyllum Peltatum," which being a new contribution to 
pure pathogenesis, was ordered to be read by the Secretary, and 
referred to the Central Bureau. 

Dr. Paine, of Newburg, offered the following resolution: That 
in f« the Homoeopathic Examiner," this body recognises the firm and 
able advocate of Progress and Reform in medicine, and as there- 
fore deserving the confidence and support of the fraternity of 
Homoeopathists. (Unanimously adopted.) 

Dr. Dunnel moved that the Publishing Committee be requested 
to address a circular letter to the friends of Homoeopathy in the 
United States through the Committee of Correspondence, urging 
each one to become a subscriber to the Examiner. 

Dr. Hering was elected a delegate to the general congress of 
Homoeopathists to be held at Magdeburgh on the 10th of August 
next. 

The Institute then adjourned to meet on the second Wednesday 
in May, 1845, in the city of New York. 

John F. Gray, M. D., 

General Secretary. 

Second Session of the " American Listiiute of Homoeojoathy,'''^ held in 
the city of New Yorkj on Wednesday the lith May, 1845. 

The Secretary, Dr. Gray, called the Institute to order at 10 
o'clock, A. M. 

On motion, the body proceeded to elect by ballot a President 
for the session. The Secretary appointed Drs. Joslin and Okie 
tellers of the election, who reported Dr. Jeanes, of Philadelphia, 
duly elected. 

On motion, it was Resolved, That the third session (1846) of 
the Institute be held in the city of New York. 

On motion, the Institute proceeded to ballot for General Secreta- 
ry for the ensuing year. The teller reported the election of Ed- 
ward Bayard, M. D., of New York. 

1* 



O MINUTES. 

Dr. SnoWj of New York, was then elected, «' viva voce,'' Provi- 
sional Secretary. 

The late General Secretary then read the minutes of the acts of 
the Convention last year, and also of the acts of the first session of 
the Institute, which were approved. 

On motion, a committee of five, consisting of Drs. Gray and 
Joslin, of New York, Clark of Portland, Me., Williamson of Phi- 
ladelphia, and Okie of Providence, were appointed a committee on 
<« Constitution and By-Laws." 

The report of the Committee on Finance was read and accepted, 
and on motion resolved, that the acts of the committee be con- 
firmed. 

The report of the Bureau for the augmentation and improvement 
of the Materia Medica, was then read, and, on motion of Dr. Gray, 
accepted, and the thanks of the Institute tendered to the committee 
for the zeal and ability which characterized the report. 

On motion, Drs. Hering, Jeanes, Neidhard, Williamson, and 
Kitchen, were appointed the Central Bureau for the ensuing year. 
On motion, it was Resolved, That a committee of three be ap- 
pointed to ascertain the best mode of publishing the doings of the 
Institute, including the report of the Bureau, and Drs. Neidhard, 
Gray and Flagg were appointed. 

Several communications were read by Dr. Gray, late Secretary, 
from Physicians, friends of the Institute, and of the science of Ho- 
mcEopathy, viz : Drs. J. C. Boardmanof Trenton, N. J., J. Merrill 
of Portland, Me., J. H. Pulte of Cincinnati, George Lingen of Phila- 
delphia, Adolphus Lippe of Carlisle, Pa , and Robert Wesselhoeft 
of Boston — ordered to be filed, 

On motion of Dr. Dubs, a committee of three, consisting of Drs. 
Wells, McVickar, and Quin, was appointed on the subject of 
Posology. 

Dr. S. R. Kirby was re-appointed Treasurer. 

On motion, adjourned, to meet at 7 o'clock, P. M. 

Wednesday Evening, 

The meeting being called to order, it was 

Resolved, That the vote making New York the next place of meet- 
ing of the Institute be reconsidered, and after considerable discus- 
sion it was 

Resolved, That the next meeting of the Institute be held in Phi- 
ladelphia on the second Wednesday of May, 1846. 



MINUTES. 7 

Resolved^ That Docts. Bayard, Gray, and Cook, be a committee 
for the purpose of engrossing the 1st vol. of the Transactions of 
the Institute, and superintending the publication of the same, and 
that the Central Bureau be requested to co-operate with the com- 
mittee in the publication. 

The committee appointed to nominate a board of censors, report- 
ed in favor of re-appointing the members of the several boards of 
the last session to constitute one board, and that aiiy three censors 
may constitiite a board for the examination of candidates and a 
recommendation of a majority of said board shall render a candi- 
date eligible to membership in this Institute, which was adopted. 

Adjourned to meet to-morrow morning at 10 o'clock. 

Thursday Morning, May I5th, 1845. 

The meeting was called to order by the President, and the minutes 
of last meeting read and approved. 

On motion, Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to pro- 
cure a suitable seal for the Institute. 

On motion, Resolved, That the Publishing Committee prepare a 
report of the proceedings of the Institute, to be published in 
several newspapers, and that each member be served with a copy 
of the same. 

On motion. Resolved, Not to admit as a member of this Insti- 
tute, any person who has not pursued a regular course of medical 
studies according to the requirements of the existing medical insti- 
tutions (if our country, and, in addition thereto, sustained an exa- 
mination before the censors of this Institute on the theory and 
practice of Homoeopathy. 

Adjourned to meet at 8 o'clocli this evening. 

Thursday Evening. 

The President called the meeting to order ; minutes of last meet- 
ing read and approved. 

On motion of Dr. Gray, Resolved, That the Bureau for the aug- 
mentation and improvement of the Materia Medica, be earnestly 
solicited to deliberate and report upon a scientific arrangement of 
the Materia Medica at the next session of the Institute. 

On motion, Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to 
frame and procure certificates of ordinary and honorary member- 
ship to be furnished to members at such a price as the committee 
shall determine. Docts. Bayard, Quin, Gray, Hempel and Jos- 
lin were app.ointed. 



8 MINUTES. 

Resolved^ That the statute appointing a committee of corres- 
pondence be annulled. 

Resolved, That Constantine Hering, M. D., of Philadelphia, be 
appointed a delegate to represent the American Institute of Ho- 
moeopathy in the Congress of Homceopathists to be held in Ger- 
many on the lOth day of August next. 

Resolved, That the thanks of the Institute be tendered to Dr. 
Jeanes, for the able manner in which he has discharged the duties 
of chairman of the Institute. 

On motion the Convention adjourned to meet again at Philadel- 
phia on the second Wednesday of May, 1846, at 10 o'clock, A. M. 

EDWARD BAYARD, M. D., 

Gen. Secretary. 



INTEODUCTORY REPORT 

OF 

THE CENTRAL BUREAU. 

At the first meeting of the American Institute of Homoeopathy ^ 
held in the city of New York, in April; 1844, a Committee 
was appointed entitled the ^' Central Bureau/^ for the augmen- 
tation and improvement of the INTateria Medica. 

Sensible of the importance of the trust committed; it im- 
mediately made arrangements to secure the co-operation of 
HomcBopathists generally. 

A circular was addressed to all the Homoeopathic Physicians 
of this country; at that time known to it, soliciting information 
on three topics, viz. : 

^^ 1st. The effects which you have observed fi'om remedies not 
mentioned in Jahr's Manual, whether in health or disease ; 
stating the precise localities of the symptoms, the times of the 
day at which they occurred, with all the attending circumstances. 

'^ 2d. New symptoms, either pathogenetic or curative which 
you may have observed from the remedies in Jahr's Manutil, 
w^hich are clearly ascribable to those remedies; whh the par- 
ticulars of each case. 

^^ 3d. The symptoms which you have seen confirmed most 
frequently in your practice ; also, any remarkable coincidences 
in allceopathic or popular practice, and especially cases of 
poisoning, which may have come under your observation.^' 

In the circular; three new remedies were also proposed for 
trial; viz. : Oxalic acid; Podophyllum peltatum and Kalmia 
latifolia; and an offer made to furnish all of them to all who 
should apply. A number of applications were received; and 
the medicines sent accordingly. 

The Bureau has also received communications from the 
following gentlemen, relating cases of cure or requesting 
medicines for experimentation: Dr. G. W. Swazey, of Spring- 
field; Massachusetts: J. Merrill; Portland; Maine; D. S. Kim- 



10 INTRODUCTORY REPORT. 

ball, Sackef s Harbor, New York ] Joel Divine, Poughkeepsie, 
New Yoik ] T. Percival Royston, Lockport, New York; J. C. 
Boardman, Trenton, New Jersey ] Jcsiah F. Flagg, Boston. 

The work of elaborating the Report was performed as follows : 

Benzoic acid, tried and arranged by Dr. Jacob Jeanes, with 
contributions of symptoms from Dr. Lingen. 

Eupatotium perfoliatum, tried and arranged by Dr. William- 
son, with contributions of symptoms from Dr, Neidhard. 

Fluoric acid, tried and arranged by Dr. Hering, with con- 
tributions of symptoms from Drs. Campos, Lippe, Jeanes, 
Neidhard, Williamson, Husmann, Pehrson, Freytag, Gosewisch, 
Geist, and Messrs. Smith and Behlert. 

Kalmia latifolia, tried and arranged by Dr. Hering, with con- 
tributions of symptoms from Drs. Freytag, Bauer, Schmidt, 
Williamson, Fairchild, E. Clark, and Mr. Behlert. 

Lobelia cardinalis, tried by Dr. Dubs. 

Lobelia inflata, tried and arranged by Dr. Jeanes, with con- 
tributions of symptoms from Drs. Williamson, Geist, Gosewisch, 
and also with the aid of the treatise by Dr. Noack, of Leipsic. 

Oxalic acid, tried and arranged by Dr. Neidhard, with con- 
tributions of symptoms from Drs. Hering, Floto, Smith, Dubs, 
Kitchen and Wilhamson. 

Podophyllum peltatum, tried and arranged by Dr. Williamson, 
with contributions of symptoms from Drs. Jeanes, AVard, 
Husmann, Hering and Fairchild. 

Sanguinaria canadensis, tried by Dr. Bute, with contributions 
of symptoms from Drs. Hering, Husmann, Jeanes, Neidhard 
and Mr. Behlert. 

Triosteum perfoliatum, tried by Dr. Williamson, with contri- 
butions of symptoms from Dr. Neidhard. 

The Bureau is indebted to Dr. William P. Esrey, for the 
valuable addition of the Repertorium. 

There are several matters which may be thought to require 
either apology or defence. A brief notice of a few of them is 
esteemed necessary. 

The first in importance, especially as it was embraced in the 
duties of the Central Bureau, is that no new or improved 
arrangement of the materia medica has been performed or 
even attempted : and the only apology which can be offered 
for this neglect is, that the means for accomplishing this task 



INTRODUCTORY REPORT. 11 

are as yet insufficient. To increase those means^ has been an 
ardent desire of the Bureau^ and it has not failed to labor for 
the furtherance of this object. At an early date from its creation, 
it addressed a circular to all the Homoeopathic Physicians on 
this continent J who were at that time known to it; requesting 
of them statements of confirmed symptoms, &c., a species of 
knowledge which is absolutely indispensable in a proper re- 
arrangement of the materia medica. 

This request has met with so faint a response from the pro- 
fession in general, that as yet the means under the control of 
the Bureau are not much increased. But it is hoped that the 
necessity of this know^ledge will soon be seen and felt not only 
in this country but throughout the world, and that every 
physician will hasten to cast his tribute, though only a mite, 
into the treasury of knowledge- and we anticipate with pleasure 
that the physicians of this country will yet be in advance in the 
good work. The following defence of other points will aid in 
bringing into view the positive need which exists for this united 
labour of physicians for the advancement of the healing art. 

It may be objected to the report, that the Bureau has thrown 
into the materia medica fragmentary observations upon half a 
dozen or more remedies which are new to it • adding to the 
already cumbersome mass of imperfectly understood medicines 
w-ithout materially advancing the science. 

Tq, answer this objection to the satisfaction of those who think 
a remedy to be known in proportion to the number of symp- 
toms which have i een attributed to it, would be extremely 
difficult, if not impossible. But others can understand, that a 
remedy of which we know one positive group of symptoms 
corresponding to similar groups, in diseases of frequent occur- 
rence, may be a more valuable remedy, and better known with 
twenty symptoms, than another medicine with hundreds of 
symptoms, but of which we know with certainty of no groups 
in which they are particularly applicable. To fully appreciate 
the correctness of these remarks, a cursory glance of our 
materia medica is only required, with the additional observation 
of the fact that we have but few publications of cases cured by 
some remedies, which, from^ their extensive list of symptoms, 
would appear to have been largely experimented upon. It is 
true, that they may have been more extensively and advan- 



12 INTRODUCTORY REPORT. 

tageously employed than would be supposed. But if this be 
the fact it is high time that it were known. 

The Bureau might adduce the authority of Hahnemann for 
the propriety and necessity of investigating the properties of 
new remedies. Both observation and experience combine to 
show that no one remedy will suffice to cure a thousandth part 
of the diseases to which man is subject. That when a succes- 
sion of remedies has been required to cure a complaint in one 
instance, the discovery of a remedy more adapted has led to 
the immediate cure of very similar disorders. And from this 
it may be inferred thatj with all possible accurate knowledge of 
the properties of remedies, an extensive materia medica will 
be requisite to meet and conquer the multitudinous diseases 
wdth which mankind is afflicted. But to render such a materia 
medica fully available, there must be condensation. The strong 
symptoms, not merely the most violent, but those of most fre- 
quent occurrence, must be know^n. The true must be separated 
from the doubtful and the false. Cut out these from our list of 
symptoms, and these lists will be abridged. Put together in one 
place a symptom which is variously expressed and now 
appears as a variety of symptoms, and we have valuable con- 
densation. But these are not light and easy works, readily to 
be accomplished. The path we have travelled was the neces- 
sary one. It is a necessary one in regard to every new remedy ; 
we must accept the symptoms which follow its trial as its 
effects, and so set them down. If this were not done there 
could be no beginning, and without a beginning there could 
have been no progress. But that we should always con- 
tinue to acknowledge as positive effects of a remedy those 
symptoms which occurred to an experimenter after a trial of, 
medicine, though these have been confirmed by no other ex- 
perimenter, is the height of absurdity. Therefore the Bureau 
again urges the profession to come forward to the work of 
ascertaiping the most positive of the symptoms of remedies. 

CONSTANTINE HERING, M. D. 
JACOB JEANES, M. D. 
CHARLES NEIDHARD, M. D. 
WALTER WILLIAMSON, M. D. 
JAMES KITCHEN, M. D. 



REPORT OF THE CENTRAL BUREAU. 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 



Benzoic Acid* Flowers of Benzoin, Germ, Benzos- 
hlumen, Benzoesalz, 

The benzoic acid derives its name from the gum 
benzoin or benjamin, which is the concrete juice of a 
tree, the Styrax benzoin, a native of Sumatra, Java, 
Laos and Siam. 

Though this acid is found most abundantly in the 
benzoin, yet it also exists in the dragon's blood, in the 
anthoxanthum odoratum and holcus odoratus. Its 
presence in other plants is doubtful ; in storax, peruvian 
balsam, cinnamon and cinnamon oil, it is the cinnamo- 
mic acid which has been mistaken for it. It has also 
been stated to exist in the urine of herbivorous quadru- 
peds, forming on the average, as stated by Vauquelin, 
about one three-hundredths of the urine of this class of 
animals. But according to Liebig, this is hippuric and 
not benzoic acid. The oil of bitter almonds is con- 
verted into benzoic acid, simply by the addition of 
oxygen. 

For pharmaceutical use, it is directed by the United 
Slates, London, Edinburgh and Dublin Pharmocopoeias, 
that the benzoic acid should be procured from the gum 
benzoin. It is obtained either by sublimation or by 
dissolving the gum in alkaline waters, then decomposing 
the benzoates thus formed, by the addition of an acid, 
and afterwards purifying the benzoic acid thus precipi- 
tated, by washing it with cold water, which dissolves 

2 



14 ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 

but one four-hundreth of its weight of the acid, whilst 
boiUng water dissolves one-twentieth. The process of 
obtaining the benzoic acid by subhmation is directed 
by the United States and London Pharmacopoeias, and 
the acid thus procured is, for various reasons, that which 
is to be preferred for medicinal use. 

Benzoic acid contains 69.25 per cent, of carbon, 
4.86 of hydrogen, and 25.89 of oxygen ; or, as stated 
by Liebig, it is composed of 14 equivalents of carbon, 
10 of hydrogen and 3 of oxygen. 

This acid was described as long since as 1008, by 
Blaise de Bigenere, under the name of Flowers of 
Benzoin. 

In medicine it has been employed in two preparations 
known by the name of paregoric elixir, viz : the Tinc- 
tura Opii Camphorata and the Tinctura Opii Ammoniata 
of the dispensatories. In the latter preparation it must 
form benzoate of ammonia instead of existing in the 
form of a free acid. 

Although these tinctures have been extensively and 
for a long time employed by physicians, yet none of the 
WTiters on the materia medica appear disposed to attri- 
bute any medicinal power to the benzoic acid ; and 
most who speak on the subject appear to concur with 
Murray, w^ho remarks that '' it has been regarded as a 
stimulating expectorant, but is totally destitute of medi- 
cinal efficacy, and the sole consumption of it is in the 
composition of the paregoric elixirs of the pharmacopoeias, 
in which, as it has long been an ingredient, it is still 
retained.'^ 

Eight years ago I instituted experiments with the 
view to ascertain the effects of this acid on the human 
body in a state of health ; and several symptoms 
then observed have since been repeatedly confirmed in 
persons who had taken the tinctura opii camphorata. 

Guided by the information thus acquired, to its em- 
ployment as an agent for the removal of disease, I was 
forcibly struck by the power which it exerted in altering 
the secretory action of the kidneys, in many cases where 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 15 

the urine was of a deep red color, and yielded an un- 
commonly strong urinous odor. 

About four years since. Dr. Alexander Ure recom- 
mended the benzoic acid as a remedy ^Yhich he believed 
to be likely to prevent the formation of tophous secre- 
tions in gouty subjects. He administered it in doses of 
a scruple, an hour after a meal. In the course of a 
couple of hours the urine voided, amounting to five or 
six ounces, yielded, on the addition of a twelfth part of 
muriatic acid, a copious precipitate of beautiful rose- 
pink acicular crystals, precisely the crystalline charac- 
ter of an acid peculiar to graminivrous animals, and to 
which Liebig has assigned the name of hippuric acid. 
In the urine, after the benzoic acid, the hippuric acid 
was found to have taken the place of the uric acid, 
none of the latter being discoverable. 

As the salts formed by the combination of the hippu- 
ric acid with the alkaline bases are much more soluble 
than the corresponding compounds of uric acid. Dr. Ure 
supposes that the substitution of the former for the latter 
may be the means of preventing tophaceous concretions, 
&c. He remarks that, "the application of the above 
principle has proved of material benefit in the treatment 
of certain unhealthy conditions of the urine, occurring 
in subjects of a calculous or gouty diathesis, since it 
enables the practitioner to obviate entirely the various 
depositions resulting from the excess of uric acid, the 
fruilful source of that most distressins: maladv, stone in 
the bladder; as also to control and prevent the formation 
of the so-called tophaceous concretions or chalk stones, 
which occasion so much inconvenience, deform^ity and 
pain to individuals laboring under gout."^ 

Wilhelm Keller states that, '^ so early as the edition 
of Berzelius' ^ Lehrbuch der Chemie,' published in 
1831, Professor Wohler had expressed the opinion that 
benzoic acid, during digestion, was probably converted 
into hippuric acid.^^ This statement was recalled to 
mind by the publications of Dr. Ure ; and Mr. Keller 
* Provincial Med. & Surg. Journal. July iTth, 1841. p, 317. 



16 ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 

was induced to experiment upon himself. He took in 
the evening, before bed-time, about thirty -two grams of 
pure benzoic acid, in syrup. During the night he per- 
spired strongly, which was probably an effect of the 
acid, as he was in general with great difficulty made to 
perspire profusely. He could perceive no other effect, 
even when, next day, he took the same dose three 
times ; indeed, even the perspiration did not again occur. 
The urine voided the next morning, when treated with 
muriatic acid, yielded considerable hippuric acid, but 
it also contained its normal proportions of urea and 
uric acid. Keller remarks that, ''this observation is 
opposed to the statement of Dr. Ure, and that he is 
certainly too hasty in recommending benzoic acid as a 
remedy for the gouty and calculous concretions of uric 
acid.'' 

Dr. Walker,* of Huddersfield, England, remarks, 
that, so far as '' he can judge from the exhibition of 
benzoic acid in several cases of dysuria senilis, he is 
inclined to augur very favorably of its utility," and that 
^'it is often of service where the gravel in the urine is 
inconsiderable, and where the irritation and the pain 
w^ould seem to have arisen from some other cause." 
He employed it in conjunction wath balsam copaiba. 

Dr. Soden,t of Bath, England, relates a case of irri- 
tability of the bladder, with muco-purulent discharge 
and enlargement of the prostate, in which lie adminis- 
tered the benzoic acid, mixed with balsam copaiba, 
white of egg and camphor mixture. He says that he 
''never witnessed any thing equal to the efficacy of this 
medicine ; the urine became clearer after the first dose, 
and in two days it was perfectly free from mucous de- 
posit; the irritability of the bladder was lessened, and 
m four days the patient resumed his self-management." 

A case in w^hich the urine was loaded with phospha- 
tic salts, treated by Mr. Farquhar, of London, and re- 
ported by Dr. Ure, will be found among the cases in 
the appendix to this article. 

♦Provincial Med. & Surg. Journal^ Feb. 26lh; 1842. 
jlbid; July 29lh, 1842. 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM. It 

In the following list of symptoms, those which are 
not accredited to some one else, are such as have been 
observed by myself, and have been the result of homCEO- 
pathic attenuations of benzoic acid. 



HEAD. — Confusion of the head with drowsiness. 

Pain in the temples in the region of constructiveness. 

Pressure on the whole of the upper part of the head 
and spinal column, as if these were pressed together by an 
elastic body, so that he bends himself involuntarily, 
stretching forwards. This sensation, without being pain- 
ful, is productive of extraordinary anxiety. (Occurring 
two days in succession whilst sitting. Forenoon. Lin- 
gen.) ^ 

Itching of the scalp. 

EYES. 5. — Itching in the angles of the eyes. 

EARS. — Itching in the left ear. 

Shooting pain in the right ear ; intermitting. 

NOSE. — Sensation of irritation in the left nostril, 
such as precedes sneezing, yet without being able to 
sneeze. 

Slight transitory hoarseness and repeated sneezing, in 
the morning, with a pleasant excitement and freedom of 
the head, which, together w^ith its more rapid disappear- 
ance, distinguished it from the ordinary symptoms of 
taking cold of the experimenter. (7th day, Lingen,) 

TEETH. — Slight cutting pain in the teeth. 

Darting pain in carious molars in both jaws. 

LIPS. — Involuntary biting of the lower lip at dinner, 
on two successive days. [Lingen.) 

MOUTH. — Soreness of the back part of the tongue, 
felt most whilst swallowing. 

Sensation of soreness and rawness at the root of the 
tongue, and on the palate. 

15. ^ Extensive ulcerations of the tongue, with deeply 
chapped or fungoid surfaces. 

* An ulcerated tumour in the left side of the mouth, 

2* 



18 ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 

upon the soft commissure of the jaws behind the last 
molar teeth. 

THROAT. — Heat in the oesophagus, as from acid 
eructation. 

STOMACH.— Singultus. 

Sensation of heat throughout the abdomen. 

20. Pain in the left side of the abdomen immediately 
below the short ribs. 

BOWELS. — Bowels freely open with extraordinary 
pressure to stool. 

* Foetid, watery, white stools, very copious and ex- 
hausting in infants, the urine being of a very deep red 
color. 

URINE, — Irritability of bladder, too frequent desire 
to evacuate the bladder, the urine normal in appear- 
ance. 

Urine at first only increased in quantity and not in 
frequency. In a few days urination became exceedingly 
frequent with strong pressing. Urine of an aromatic 
odor, and saline taste ; the odor long retained, most in 
the forenoon. (Lijigen.) 

25. ^ Urine highly colored, sometimes of the color of 
brandy, the urinous odor exceedingly strong. 

^ Urine of the above character, of a specific gravity 
greater than that of healthy urine passed into the same 
vessel, retaining its place below the healthy urine without 
admixture, and though of a very deep red color, depo- 
siting no sediment. 

^ Hot, scalding urine of a deep red color and strong 
odor, causing so much suffering in its passage, that 
this was performed but once a day. 

SEXUAL. — A thrilUng almost painful sensation on 
the left side of the glans penis, extending into the ure- 
thra, so severe as to occasion starting, ending in a sen- 
sation of tickling and itching. 

Itching in the sulcus behind the corona glandis. 

30. Smarting of the fraenum prseputii. 

LARYNX. — Sneezing, with slight hoarseness, with- 
out accompanying catarrhal symptoms. {Lingen.) 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 19 

* Troublesome, and almost constant, dry hacking 
cough. 

CHEST.— Pain about the third rib on the right side, 
midway between the sternum and the side. 

Pain in the right side of the back about midway be- 
tween the tenth vertebra dorsahs and the side. 

35. Pain in the left side about the sixth rib, increased 
by deep inspiration, and by bending the body to either 
side. 

Deep penetrating pain in the posterior part of the 
left side, about the sixth rib. 

BACK. — Dull pain in the back in the region' of the 
kidneys. 

EXTREMITIES.— Knicking and cracking of the 
joints, both of the superior and inferior extremities, in 
motion. 

Pain in the joints of the fingers of the right hand. 

40. The pain leaves the right hand and appears in 
the left arm, then extends downward into the elbow and 
leaving this situation next appears in the region of the 
heart. 

The pain having left these parts, appears in the right 
thigh and ankle. 

Pain in the right tendo achilles, and in the region of 
the heart at the same time. 

The pain is incessantly and suddenly changing its 
location, but its most constant seat is in the region of the 
heart. 

After leaving the right, the pain appears in the left 
tendo achilles. 

45. Aching pain in the left hip, then in the thighj 
next in the knees, then in the toes. 

Sharp pain in the left ankle, during the time it sup- 
ports the weight of the body w^hilst walking. 

Upon supporting a slight part of the weight of the 
body on the left foot, severe pain in the tendo achilles 
close to the os calcis. 

Pain in the gastrocnemii. 

Pain in the toes. 



20 ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 

50. * Pain in the large joints of the great toes, with 
slight tumefaction and redness. 

Stitch passing perpendicularly upwards, through the 
right great toe, followed by a burning which increases 
gradually again to a stitch ; appearing afterwards in the 
left great toe, from which it vanishes with a thrilling 
sensation, in the morning, w^hilst lying down. (The 
8ih day, Ling en,) 

Itching on various parts of the body and extremities, 
yielding rather an agreeable feeling on being scratched, 
but leaving a burning. 

Feeling of coldness of the knees as if they were blown 
upon by a cold wind. (9th day. Lingen.) 

Frequent pulse. (The 1st, 2nd and 3rd day. Lin- 

SLEEP. — 55. Awakened after midnight with violent 
pulsation of the heart and temporal arteries, (pulsation 
110 in the minute,) without external heat; and can- 
not fall asleep again. In the morning, the tongue 
covered with a white mucous coat; nausea and total 
loss of appetite. In the afternoon at 4 o'clock, all 
these symptoms had vanished. (The 4th day. Lin- 
gen,) 

He awakens every morning about 2 o'clock, from 
strong internal heat, and a hard, bounding, but not 
quickened pulse, so that he must lie awake upon his 
back, because the pulsation of the temporal arteries, 
sounds like puffing in the ears, and prevents him from 
going to sleep again. (Enduring for 8 wrecks. Lin- 
gen.) 



APPENDIX. 

In the introduction to this article, some remarks in re- 
lation to certain lemedial operations of the benzoic acid, 
have already been made. But it is necessary to en- 
ter more into detail in regard to its therapeutic action. 

Evincing, as it does, such decided influence over the 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 21 

kidneys, it is expected to exert remedial power in many 
diseases in which the deviations of these organs from 
the normal performance of their fmiciions constitute an 
important part of the morbid derangement. This view 
is not only confirmed by the statements already made, 
but also by experiences of my own ; many of them, 
long anterior to the earliest of these publications. 

I have found the benzoic acid of great utiUty in a 
number of cases where die urine was of a deep red co- 
lour, sometimes even as dark as brandy, and its urinous 
odor peculiarly strong. 

This highly colored and strongly scented urine, oc- 
curs most frequently in syphilitic cases, where the ex- 
ternal symptoms have been either wholly or partially sup- 
pressed by improper treatment ; also in some cases after 
the infection, but before the establishment of chancre or 
syphilitic gonorrhoea; and sometimes accompanies these 
disorders. It is often so strongly marked as to attract 
the attention of the patient sufficiently to induce him to 
remark it to the physcian. A few cases in illustration 
may be useful. 

Case, — A lad about seventeen years of age had con- 
tracted a chancre, and by the advice of acquaintances, 
had taken balsam copaiba and other medicines. The 
chancre disappeared ; but was succeeded by the following 
disease: — Slightly elevated, raw surfaces, of a wart-like 
appearance, and of a circular form, varying in diameter 
from half an inch to an inch and a half, at places run- 
ning into each other; nearly covered both sides and the 
bottom of the sulcus ani, and caused much smarting 
and soreness of the part. Thuya and mercury were 
given without much apparent effect. Benzoic acid, in 
high dilution, and in a single dose, restored to its nor- 
mal character, the urine, which was previously very 
highly colored and strongly scented ;' and effected some 
improvement in the disease. When the urine again 
became highly colored, the dose was repeated, and 
with such good results, that it was afterwards given 
every two or three days until the cure was completed. 



22 ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 

Case, — I was called to visit a gentleman aged 25 
years, whom I found suffering under a tormenting, al- 
most constant, dry, hacking cough. His room-mate had 
informed me that he suspected him of laboring under 
syphilitic disease, from the fact that his urine was of the 
character above described. (My informant was ac- 
quainted M'ith the value of the symptom, having been 
under my care for a syphilitic rheumatism , and experienced 
much benefit from the use of the benzoic acid.) Upon 
inquiry, I found that he had, a short time before the 
commencement of his cough, labored under a gonor- 
rhoea, for the cure of which he had recourse to the ordi- 
nary methods of treatment. The benzoic acid speedily 
restored the urinary secretion to its ordinary quality, and 
the cough soon ceased to be troublesome. 

Case, — A man aged about 23 years, who had a chan- 
cre cured a year or two before by external applications, 
and w^hose health from that time had not been good, suf- 
fered at the time he called upon me, with syphilitic 
rheumatism The use of the benzoic acid was followed 
by the disappearance of the rheumatism and a re-appear- 
ance of the chancre. In the treatment of the latter af- 
fection I was so far from successful that he applied to 
another physician, who, by means of external applica- 
tions, &c. succeeded in removing it, without any very 
troublesome return of the rheumatism . 

Rather seeking to avoid venereal practice, my ex- 
perience in this direction is not very extensive, espe- 
cially in the treatment of the recent forms of the disease, 
yet still it is sufficient, both from the above and other 
cases, to justify me in recommending the benzoic acid 
as a remedy worthy of attention in the treatment of 
syphilis, and more especially in the secondary forms of 
this disease. 

It is not only where the syphilitic taint exists that 
this remedy proves serviceable, but it is also of great 
utility in many cases where there cannot be a suspicion 
entertained of its presence. In several cases of angina 
faucium and angina tonsillaris, where the urine possessed 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 23 

the characteristics above mentioned, the benzoic acid 
has proved itself very useful. In two cases, of a mother 
and her daughter, a young woman, both for a longtime 
subject to violent angina, in neither of whom the allo- 
pathic treatment had ever succeeded in preventing sup- 
puration, though early and energetically applied, and 
where, in the case of the daughter, homosopathic treat- 
ment wilh belladonna and other apparently indicated 
remedies had twice failed to prevent suppuration, al- 
though it diminished the suffering much more than any 
previous treatment, benzoic acid in alternation with 
belladonna and digitalis would speedily subdue the at- 
tacks, and finally seemed to effect such an alteration of 
the system that the tendency to this form of disease ap- 
peared to be almost extinguished. 

Dr. Williamson has communicated to me the case of 
a man subject to annual returns of nephritic colic, the 
urine extremely highly colored and strongly scented, 
where the benzoic acid afforded great relief in a parox- 
ysm two years ago, since which he has not had his 
usual returns of the complaint. 

In cases of diarrhcea in infants, where the stools are 
very copious, watery, very light colored and foetid, 
and where the urine is of an uncommonly deep red 
color, and its urinous odor remarkably strong, I have 
found the benzoic acid produce very great improvement. 
In the cases w^here the ulcerations of the tongue de- 
scribed in the list of symptoms occurred, the urine w^as 
of the character above described, but there was no rea- 
son to suppose syphilitic taint. 

The following case is the one mentioned in the intro- 
duction as treated by Mr. Farquhar and reported by Dr. 
Ure :^ 

^^H. H., aged thirty-seven, of spare make and sedentary 
habits, consulted me on the 9th of May, 1842, relative to a dis- 
order of the urinary secretion. He said that about ten months 
previously he noticed, for the first time, a whitish deposit in his 
water, which, ere long, concreted on the chamber-pot, forming* 

* Provincial Med. and Sur. Journal, Feb. 11, 1843. p. 690. 



24 ^ ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 

a hard grey crost, most difficult to remove ; the urine had a 
very offensive odor, and varied occasionally in appearance, 
presenting sometimes a greenish, at other times a brownish 
color : at the above date it was slightly opaque and of a pale 
yellow hue, emitting a pungent ammoniacal smell, alkaline to 
litmus, and effervescing briskly upon the addition of a few drops 
of hydrochloric acid: almost as soon as discharged it threw down 
a white flocculent sediment, consisting of phosphate and carbo- 
nate of lime ; it did not afford any uric acid ; its specific gravity 
was 1.023; it was voided without pain or difficulty, and in a 
full stream : there \vas little or no increase of the mucous secre- 
tion, and no albumen. The patient's appetite w^as good, his 
tongue clean, and he slept well; but he was pale, complaining 
of general lassitude and languor, and of a sense of w^eakness 
across the loins; his bowels were generally confined. 1000 
grains measure of the above urine, evaporated to dryness by a 
water bath at a temperature not exceeding 160° Fah., left only 
thirty-six grains of dry extract, and exhaled, during the process 
a great quantity of ammonia, as proved by a slip of moist lit- 
mus paper held over the dish becoming instantaneously blue. 
Ke v.'as directed to take an aperient dose of rhubarb and ten 
grains of benzoic acid, twice in the day, and to live well; but 
plainly. 

May 12. Has taken the medicine without suffering the slight- 
est inconvenience. He says that the urine, within a few" hours 
after the lirst dose, became clear, and ceased to deposit any 
chalky sediment. It is now natural in all respects; acid to lit- 
m.us; specific gravity 1.022. After six days longer he discon- 
tinued the use of the benzoic acid. Towards the end of the 
month the urine became again alkaline, and I was induced to 
try hira with the usual loutine of medicines recommended in 
cases of this description, in order to see whether the urine could 
be brought to a permanently moral state. "^ 

This was done, but without benefit. A renewal of 
the use of the benzoic acid led to most satisfactory re- 
sults. 

In many cases of rheumatism and of painful joints 
with arthritic concretions, I have had reason to believe 
that the benzoic acid has proved of great advantage. 
Very striking etfecis may be observed from this remedy 
in arthritic irritation of the great toe joints, attended with 
sw^elling and redness of the skin, the irritation being 
mostly confined to these parts, and the urine of the cha- 
racter above mentioned. I was yesterday conversing 
wdth a patient wdio was formerly very much troubled 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 25 

with this complaint, to whom I gave the benzoic acid 
about six years ago, when the disease disappeared in 
twenty-four hours, and never re-appeared until within 
a few weeks of the present time, when it again showed 
itself in a very shght degree. 

In a case where inflammatory rheumatism and violent 
asthma, both of long standing and frequent recurrence, 
co-existed, and for which I gave the benzoic acid, the 
patient remarked a great amelioration of his asthmatic 
paroxysms. This is worthy of mention, inasmuch as 
one of the benzoated tinctures of opium was formerly 
termed Elixir asthmaticum, and it may be that further 
observations will prove the benzoic acid to be a remedy 
for some peculiar forms of asthmatic disorder. 



26 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 



ACIDUMFLUORICUM. 

BY C. HERING, M. D. 

Acidum Hydrofluoricum. Fluss-spathsaeure^ Germ, 
Fluoric Acid, 

This acid was first procured in its pure state in the 
year 1810, by Gay-Lussac and Thenard. It is pre- 
pared by acting on the mineral called fluor spar, care- 
fully separated from silicious earth, and reduced to 
fine powder, with twice its weight of concentrated sul- 
phuric acid. Most chemists are now in favour of the 
opinion of Ampere and Pavy, namely, that fluor spar 
is a compound of fluorine and calcium, and that pure 
hydrofluoric acid evinces no sign of containing either 
oxygen or water, but is a compound of fluorine and 
hydrogen. 

Hydrofluoric acid is at 32° a colourless fluid, e.nd re- 
mains in that state at 59°, if preserved in well stopped 
bottles ; but when exposed to the air, it flies off' in 
dense white fumes, which consist of the acid vapour 
combined with the moisture of the atmosphere. Its 
specific gravity is 1.0609, but its density may be in- 
creased to 1.25 by gradual additions of water. Its 
affinity for this liquid far exceeds that of the strongest 
sulphuric acid, and the combination is accompanied 
with a hissing noise, as when red-hot iron is quenched 
by imm.ersion in water. 

It has all the characters of a powerful acid. It has 
a strong sour taste, reddens litmus paper, and neutra- 
lizes alkalies, either forming salts termed hydrqfliiates^ 
or most generally giving rise to metallic fluorides. All 
these compounds are decomposed by strong sulphuric 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. ^ 

acid, with the aid of heat, and the hydrofluoric acid, 
while escaping, may be detected by its action on glass. 
[Turner,) 

It is a solvent for some elementary principles, which 
resist the action even of nitro-hydrochloric acid. Thus 
it dissolves silicon, zirconium, and columbium, with 
evolution of hydrogen gas ; and when mixed with nitric 
acid, it proves a solvent for sihcon, which has been 
condensed by heat, and for titanium. Nitro-hydrofluoric 
acid, however, is incapable of dissolving gold and pla- 
tinum. Several oxidized bodies, which are not attacked 
by sulphuric, nitric, or hydrochloric acid, are readily 
dissolved by hydrofluoric acid. As examples of this 
fact, ' several of the weaker acids, such as- silica or 
silicic acid, titanic, columbic, molybdic, and tungstic 
acids may be enumerated. [Berzelius.) 

Its vapour is much more pungent than chlorine, or 
any of the irritating gases. Of all substances, it is the 
most destructive to animal matter. The following quo- 
tations from different authors wnll bear witness of its 
powerful action on the cuticle : 

Of all bodies fluoric acid, perhaps, produces the 
strongest caustic effects ; it acts most powerfully on the 
animal tissue, oncoming in contact with the skin; there 
ensues a violent pain ; the parts around the spot 
touched by it become white and painful, forming a 
dense vesicle filled with matter. Even a very small, 
hardly visible quantity would produce the same effects, 
although only after several hours. {Tkeiiard.) 

This acid unites itself with the skin to such a degree, 
that even by means of carbonate of soda it cannot be 
washed off', although the pain is mitigated by the appli- 
cation of the latter ; it is also relieved by opening the 
vesicle as speedily as possible ; in the case of the diluted 
or silicious fluoric acid, the presence of water or silici- 
ous acid prevents these effects. (Berzelius.) 

The smallest quantity applied to the hand excites 
violent itching, and pustules filled with matter are 
formed. (Liebig.) 



28 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

A solution of one-forty-eighth part of a grain produced 
on the skin neither pain nor redness, neither did a solu- 
tion of one-sixteenth. One-eighth of a grain, however, 
applied to the skin produced some pain, redness, heat ; 
the epidermis came off in scales after a few days. 
(Kreiner.) 

Fluoric acid acts energetically on glass. The trans- 
parency of the glass is instantly destroyed, heat is 
evolved and the acid boils, and in a short time entirely 
disappears. A colourless gas, known by the name of 
fluo-silicic acid gas is the product. This compound is 
always formed when hydrofluoric acid comes in contact 
with a silicious substance. For this reason it cannot 
be preserved in glass ; but must be prepared and kept 
in metallic vessels. Those of lead, on account of their 
cheapness, are often used, but silver or platinum are 
preferable. (Turner,) 

The following symptoms are the result of the prov- 
ings of a number of individuals, whose names are ap- 
pended to each symptom of their proving ; where 
possible, also, the period which elapsed between the 
taking of the medicine and the time of the appearance 
of the symptom, has been added. The numbers 
after the symptoms refer to the degree of the attenua- 
tion, taken by the prover. The symptoms without num- 
bers were produced by the thirtieth potence ; and those 
marked with a ^ are curative. 



MENTAL. — Disposition to anxious ideas^ frequently 
to such a degree that a perspiration breaks out. (2d 
day. 3d. Bering,) 

He is less anxious than formerly. (30^A. Hering) 

In the evening he is very discontented; he looks at 
every thing in the worst light ; in the morning, after a 
restless night, his temper is very cheerful and joyous. 
(6th. Hering,) 

Easily displeased for half a day. (After 14 hours. 
30^/?. Campos.) 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 29 

5. The least trifle is with him sufficient, to show a 
bad temper in his features and motions in 16 hours ; 
disappears after 12 hours. [Campos,) 

111 humour after 18 hours, lasts about 12 hours. 
[Campos.) 

Whilst considering what might happen, he gets into 
a most ungovernable anger, but only in his thoughts. 
Several times during the first days. (3g?. Hering,) 

Great disposition, when alone, to repulsive fantastic 
imaginations, particularly WMth regard to persons \vith 
whom he stands in near relations, or with w^hom he is 
connected. [3d. Hemig.) 

* A lame and imbecile old lady dismissed her nurse, 
without which she could not get along at all, quarrelled 
with her nieces, could not bear the sight of them, and 
tormented, without cause, the whole house. After two 
doses, 30th, evening and morning, she had a running 
from the eyes, and was immediately patient and cheerful, 
and remained so. {Hering.) 

10. Daring the fourth w^eek very irritable towards 
people, even to the greatest hatred, which he does not 
hesitate to give vent to in words; but as soon as he 
sees them every thing is forgotten, and he has an en- 
tirely different opinion of them. This does not arise 
either from hypocrisy or cowardice, but it is a sud- 
denly altered view", mentally the same feelinof which 
occurred to him physically during the coryza, 298, 300. 
(3c?. Hering.) 

Aversion to his business. [12th. Gosewisch.) 

Indifferent, showing no interest in any occupation. 
(3d. Hering.) 

Perfect contentment^ every thing is right. [Campos.) 

Feeling of an interior happy state, never experienced 
before, next morning after the remedy. [Cam.pos.) 

Uncommonly gay disposition of the mind^ the next 
morning after taking it. [Campos.) 

15. All nature around seems to smile, in the morn- 
inof, 16 hours after taking the remedy. [Campos.) 
Comp. 108. 

3* 



30 ACIBUM FLUORICUM. 

Feeling of perfect happiness within and without, 
after 8 hours. {Campos,) 

Satisfaction^ he desires no better state of things, all 
is right ; after 16 hours. {^Campos,) 

Feeling of highly enjoying everything ; after 12 hours. 
[Campos,) 

The fourth and the following days a higher grade of 
well being; he is more decided in his movements. 
(30^/i. Hering.) 

20. He is more cheerful and vigorous after the eighth 
and following days. [Hering,) 

Sensation as if dangers did menace him^ but without 
being afraid ; particularly during the pressure in the oc- 
ciput, during the staggering, the pain in the bladder, etc. 
(3g?. Hering,) 

During the headache, 75, symptoms of the throat, 189. 
He remembers his experimentation only with horror and 
aversion, particularly the disagreeable sensation in the 
stomach, 204, after several weeks, in one who has 
made numerous provings. [Williamson,) 

During the tottering sensation, 134, he has a decided 
though not anxious expectation, as if there was to 
happen something awful, but he feels no anxiety^ ^d. 
[Hering,) 

It appears to him in the morning as if his counte- 
nance had suddenly become old. (The 9th day. Zd. 
Hering.^ 

25. Difficulty of recalling thoughts after interruption. 
(30^A. Hering,) 

A more difficult comprehension of philosophical 
works ; on the other hand all facts appear to be clearer 
to him. (30^A. Hering.^ 

He has great difficulty to fix his attention upon any 
thing. ,{12th, Gosewisch,) 

On making his notes he mistakes right and left, a 
circumstance that does not easily happen to him. (2d 
day. 6th. Hering.) 

Forgetful ; he does not recollect sometimes the most 
common things. [I2th, Gosewisch,) 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 31 

30. Forgetfulness of dates and his common employ- 
ments. (The 2d week. 3d. Hering.) 

HEAD. — Whilst sitting, a frequent sensation of a 
general shaking, with a dull pressure and compression 
in the occiput, particularly towards the right ; with the 
continual internal sensation of numbness in the left fore- 
arm, and a severe pricking in it whilst stretching it. 
(The 1st forenoon. 3d, Hering,) 

In the forenoon, after 10 o'clock, a kind of shaking 
in the head, particularly in the back part of it, and more 
towards the right ; at first whilst sitting, during each 
quick, short movement, on rising, turning, during walk- 
ing. (The first week. 3d. Hering.) Comp. 82. 

Vertigo with sickness of stomach. 179. 

Sli2:ht feelino^ of nausea and v.ertio;o. 180. 

Painful determination of blood to the forehead, like a 
quick jerk, at the beginning of walking after standing, 
not afier sitting: in the evening three or four hours after 
taking it. {3d. Hering.) 

It appeared to him to proceed from the throat to the 
head, he felt as if he was to be struck by apoplexy; a 
kind of determination of blood to the head and loss of 
consciousness, he could not recollect where he was. 
Observed after smelling the acid. (Hering.) Comp. 192. 

Determination of blood to the head. 79, 42. 

From the nape of the neck to the occiput, a feeling 
like a warm breath. 359. 

35. In the morning dulness of the head until break- 
fast. (From the 3d to the 11th day. 30th. Pehrson.) 

Dulness of the head in the morning, wuth sHght 
drawdng in the right side of the head the 5th and 7th 
day. {30th. Pehrson.) 

Dulness of the head immediately; sensation as if the 
brain w'as pressed upwards. (x\fter 4 wrecks. 31st. 
Geist.) 

Dulness of the occiput only^ immediately after repeat- 
ed doses. (30^A. Geist.) 

Dulness towards the right in the occiput after one 
hour. {3d, Hering.) 



32 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 



40. Dulness and painful tension in the head towards 
the right after several hours. {Qth. Hering,) 

A stunnirio; sensation in the head, mostly in front, 
immediately after taking the 5th dilut. [Williamson,) 

A sensation somewhat resembling numbness or burn- 
ing, first in the forehead, afterwards in the upper jaw, 
and lower jaw of the same side, and appearing in the 
lower part of the occiput and in the bladder, the first 
evening and next morning. (After taking the *^d^ and 
also QtJt and 30//i dilution. Hering,) Comp. 134, 135. 

Confusion and pain through the head after 5 minutes. 
[Jeanes.) 

Heaviness of the head ; with a dull pain (douleur 
sourde) deep in the middle of the forehead after two 
hours. {30th. Campos.) 

45. Five minutes after taking it, there commenced 
an increase of the flow of saliva, which caused him to 
spit constantly for about 10 minutes, when he began to 
feel a pain in the head, a sensation as if the head was 
too heavy and would drop down from one side to the 
other, a pressing outward from within ; the flow of saliva 
after this pain had established itself began to diminish, 
and in about one hour ceased entirely. {2d. E. Smith,) 

A dull heavy pain in the upper part of the forehead; 
passing sometimes to the upper part of both temples, 
but more particularly to the left. This pain is increased 
on stooping ; in the evening, one hour and a half after 
taking it. {\st E. Smith) 

The feeling of heaviness in the head continues in a 
diminished degree until going to bed ; he awakes with 
it in the morning, and it only leaves him at 9 o'clock, 
A. M. {2d. E. Smith.) 

Heaviness above the eyes ; with nausea ; worse on 
motion after 2 and 3 hours. {2d. JVeidhard.) 

Soon after taking the medicine, there commenced the 
same salivation, with a dull heaviness and pain in the 
whole head. (l6'^. E. Smith,) 

50. Headache from the nape of the neck upwards, 
a dull pressure ; it appears to proceed from the 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 



33 



nape of the neck through the centre of the head towards 
the forehead ; it concentrates gradually more towards 
the left as if a throbbing was to arise there. 2 hours 
after the 5th dose. {Geist,) Compare 333,3345 335. 
Pressing pains in the forehead, as if it were in the 
bone, at the same time also in the bones of the temples ; 
on lying down she feels it all over, but it soon passes 
away. (x\fternoon. B.) 

Dull heavy pain in the forehead. {Esrey.) 
Compressing pain in the right frontal protuberance. 
(15 minutes after. 2d, Williamson.) 

54. Pressing pain in the forehead, on stooping, also 
pressing on the right eye. (The 3d day. Husmann,) 
Painful tension in the head towards the right. 40. 
He awakes in the morning with a slight pain in the 
forehead, which soon passes away. After taking it in 
the evening. (1^^. E, Smith.) 

A pain of short duration in the right side of the fore- 
head the next forenoon. [Husmann.) 

Headache in the upper part of forehead and vertex 
towards the right. (After 5 minutes. 3^^. Hering.) 

In the evening, after lying down, pain in the forehead 
and eye towards the right. (The 2d day. Ilusman?}.) 
Pain in the right frontal protuberance in the evening. 
(The 4th day. 2d. Williamson.) 

60. Headache in the left side of the forehead, in the 
evening. [2d. J\^eidhard.) 

Headache in forehead and temples. {6th. Freitag.) 
Immediately in both temples a severe pressing from, 
within outvmrd for half an hour, after that a pinching 
pain in the left deltoid muscle. (Geist.) 

Pressure in both temples, quarter of an hour after the 
fifth dose. ( Geist.) 

In both temples pressure towards the exterior after 
one hour. (Geist.) 

65. Pain in the left temple proceeding from within. 
(Freitag.) 

Headache, pressive in both temples after 4 hours. 
(2d. Midhard.) 



34 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

In the forehead, in the room and open air, a head- 
ache, a kind of fulness in the left parietal bone on a 
spot which he cannot designate very clearly. (The 8th 
and 9th day. 3d, Hering.) 

Heavy pain in the left half of the head in the course 
of the coronal suture. (The next morning. 2d. WiU 
liamson. ) 

In the evening, after an animated conversation, heat 
in the face and headache, like a pressing and forcing 
deep interiorly towards the left; appearing at times and 
subsiding again ; it then passes to the left upper jaw, as 
if the teeth ached, even on those places where the roots 
of the teeth had been extracted a year ago. (The 2d day. 
6tt. Hering.) 

70. Suddenly a severely pressing pain on the left 
side of the occiput ; disappears as quickly, but soon re- 
turns again. (After one hour. Geist.) 

Dull pressure in the occiput towards the right. 31. 

Pressure in both sides of the occiput beneath the pro- 
tuberances. (After one hour. Geist.) 

In the morning shortly after awakening, a cramp-like 
pain in the very lowest part of the occiput towards the 
left. [Husmann,) 

Severe pressure in the left temple. (After 2 hours. 
Geist.) 

Pressing pain in the left temple. 425. 

Sharp darting pain, from near the posterior superior 
angle of the right parietal bone to the mastoid process of 
the right temporal bone ; the pain w^as different from 
any other ; much worse than a prolonged electrical 
shock or compression of the ulnar nerve. (After 3 days. 
Campos.) 

75. Sharp, shooting, undulating pain ; it arises on 
the left side about the middle and near thesutura inter- 
parietalis, and proceeds with the quickness of lightning 
to the left temple near the exterior part of the orbital 
cavity. This pain shoots for about two seconds, but 
the undulation lasts a little longer, and it is only when 
the undulation is nearly over I hat the mind takes cog- 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 35 

nizance of the whole of it; the shooting, andipmnfu] un- 
dulation, and the quickness, are of such a nature, that 
produce immediately in the mind a very disagreeable 
idea of some impending danger. The undulation may 
be better compared to that of the streak left on a wall, 
in darkness, by the friction of a phosphoric match, 
(Campos.) 

Shooting pain in the left side of the forehead. {2d. 
Esrey,) 

Violent jerking in the interior behind and above the 
right eye- brow, in the bone. (After one hour. 3rf. 
Hering.) Comp. 449. 

On bending the head, as in the act of stooping, a dull, 
quick, throbbing pain in the right temple, lasting only 
for a short time. (Evening Si o'clock. 2rf. E, 
Smith.) 

A few minutes, after taking the remedy, determina- 
tion of blood to the head, with heat in forehead, gradu- 
ally increasing to a headache in os frontis. (2d. JYeid- 
hard.) 

80. Pain over the right eyebrow, wdiich disappears, 
but a similar pain appears for a short time in the right 
small toe. (The next forenoon. Husmann.) 

A pain, at first like a contraction on top of the head 
towards the right, and afterwards under the right 
shoulder blade. (The next forenoon. Husmann,) 
Compare 36, 112. 

After breakfast the pains cease, except in the head, 
on quickly moving it from one position to the other, 
which continues the wdiole day. (The 2d day. \st, E. 
Smith.) 

Singular indescribable weakness, like a numbness, as 
if she had received an electric shock, particularly in 
the head and in the hands, with nausea in stomach, 
without desire to vomit. She never experienced a 
similar sensation. A few days previously she had taken 
acid, nitr./after that fluor. ac. (30th. Hering.) Comp. 
179, 180. 48. 



36 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

Itching on the head, which causes hira to scratch. 
(After one hour. 30th, Geist.) 

85. The 9th day, for the first time, desires to scratch 
the head, without, however, any feeUng of itching, and 
the next morning a very geat falling off of (he hair. 
(3c?. Hcring,) 

* He had been becoming more and more bald for two 
years ; about two months after taking the acid a new 
growth of hair w^as discovered, which continued to 
grow, and he is now much less bald than before. ( WiU 
liamson.) 

EYES. — Drawing around the right eye. (In the even- 
ing after 15 minutes. 2d, Williamson,) Comp. 80. 

Elevated red blotches over the eye browns, most 
abundant on the left side, but of longer continuance on 
the right. (The 3d and the following day. 2d, Wil- 
liamson,) 

Scaly eruption, with pricking sensation in the eye- 
brows. (The 3d day. 2d, Williamson,) 

90. Burning itching in the right eyebrow, disappears 
after scratching. (1st hour after 5th dose. Geist,) 
Comp. 101. 

Itching, inducing him to scratch on both upper eye- 
lids. (The 1st evening. 3rf. Hering.) 

A violent itching at the left inner canthus of the eye, 
which causes him to scratch very quickly and for- 
cibly. (The 12th day. 3d, Hering,) 

In the evening itching in the right internal canthus 
of the eye. {2d, JYeidhard,) 

Prickino: and burninvr in the internal canthus of the 
eye. (Evening 2d day. 30^/?, Husmann,) 

95. Has often an itching in the eyes, which makes 
him scratch. (1st week. 3d, Hering,) 

Painful itching in the left eye, as if from a grain of 
sand. [Esrey.) 

Quivering above the external canthus of the left eye, 
in one who never had the like. (2d day. 30/^. Hering,) 

Quivering externally on the right eye, and soon after 
a pain similar to that described, 411 and 412, at the 



ACIDUM FLUGRICUM. 37 

bottom of the orbital cavity, after several hours. {30tL 
Hering.) 

The eye remains affected for several days, so that he 
has to wink and rub it. (Hering.) 

100. The vapour of it affects the eye very much. 
Liebig. 

Itching burning on a small spot near the right eye 
externally. (After several hours. Hering.) 

Burning in the eyes in 15 minutes. {2d, JVeidhard.) 

Increased lachrymation. (2c?. Esrey.) 

Slight fever heat under the eyes soon after the 2d 
dose. {1st. E. Smith.) 

105. Pressure as it were behind the right eyeball. (The 
2d hour. Geist.) Comp. 98, 54, 58, 133. 

Sensation as if the eyelids were opened by force and 
a fresh \vind was blowing on them ; after that, sensation 
like sand in the eyeball, which had the same feeling as 
if the eyes were inflamed. {Campos.) 

* Clearness of sight, with increased power of vision ; 
he can read now distinctly small print, that every night 
previously seemed confused. {Campos.) 

Pleasant sensation ; as if the eyelids were wider 
opened, or the eyes more prominent, whereby the circle 
of the vision becomes more enlarged ; the sight clearer, 
and he feels a kind of luxurious enjoyment, while look- 
ing at the same things he is used to see every day. 
{Campos.) Comp. 15, 187. 

On closing the eyes firmly he observes a large bright 
ring, which quickly vanishes. (In the evening of the 5th 
day. 3c?. Hering.) 

110. In the evenino; after retiring: a lerkins; lig:ht be- 
fore the eyes, crossing itself like lightning. (The 3d 
week. 3d. Hering.) 

In the evening after retiring, on closing the eyes, red 
sparklings cross each other in all possible directions ; 
this gradually ceases, and there remains a red, flaming, 
trembling for a few minutes, which disappears after 
opening the eyes. (The 2d day. 1st. Husmann.) 
* A dark spot, which, whilst reading, floats before 

3 



38 ACIDUM FLU0RICU3I. 

his eyes, since he had a violent intermittent fever six 
years ago, disappeared during the first hour, but re- 
turned again in 14 days. (Geist.) 

EARS. Behind the right ear a pain which moves 
upwards in the head ; at the same time in the right heel. 
{6th, Freitag.) 

Jerking behind the left ear. [2d. JYeidhard,) Comp. 
449. 

A peculiar pressing and itching deep in the left ear ; 
disappears after stirring with the finger in the ear. (After 
one hour. Geist,) 

115. Itching first in the right ear, afterwards in the 
left ear. (Geist,) 

Pressing pain in the right ear. (Husmann,) 

Pain in the right ear the 4th day. {6th, Freitag,) 

Stitches in the right ear. {30th, Freitag,) 

Sensation in the right ear as if there w^ould commence 
a ringing in the ear. (In the forenoon the 2d day. 3d, 
Hering, ) 

120. The sensitiveness of his hearing is very much 
increased in the morning. (The 6th day. 3d, Hering,) 

NOSE. ^ A chronic inflammation of the nose with 
pain ; redness, some iSw^clling and heat, (on the right in- 
terior side of the tip, and in the base of the right wing) 
disappears within 3 days ; there forms itself on the latter 
place a small pustule, with even surface, on a painful 
red circle. {6th. Hering,) 

The nose, which for many months was free from ex- 
coriation or pain, begins again to feel sore, and more 
towards the left. (The 9th day. 3d, Hering.) 

In the morning there appears a pimple of the size of 
a hempseed, towards the right, between the root of the 
nose and the eye. The 16th day. Several similar 
pimples in the right side of the face after 5 weeks. {3d. 
Hering.) 

* A pimple with inflamed base very extensive on the 
top of the nose, three-quarters of an inch from the tip. 
(Cured in 2 days. Ibth, Jeanes.) 

FACE AND JAWS. 125. Heat in the face, and 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 39 

desire to bathe the face with cold water, and repeated 
ablutions, which he much enjoys ; for two weeks, after 
that less decidedly. {3d. Hering.) Comp. 69, 74, 
104. 

Perspiration particularly in the face. ( The 3d and the 
following day. 3d. Hering.) 

Slight itching Uke fine prickhigs, on the right side of 
the face. (After one hoar. Geist. 

Itching on the right side of the face. {30th. Husmann.) 

Compression in both zygomas, dravring downwards to- 
wards the larynx, where she is conscious of it during 
deglutition, and also without. (In the evening, 5 o'clock. 
B.) Comp. 457, 5. 

130. Deep in the bones^, superior and posterior to 
the left eye, a soreness occasionally. (Evening the 9th 
day. 3cL Hering.) Comp. 98. 

Behind the left eye towards the temple, in the left nos- 
tril and forehead there is a pain, which seems to be in the 
bone, as if very deeply in the interior something sharp 
pointed was moved about. (One o'clock in the after- 
noon the 9th day. 3d. Hering.) 

^ The same pain as above described in the case of 
a fistula lachrymahs of the left eye, with white oblong 
little scabs and periodical itching every couple of days 
for several days, and with discharge ; fl. ac. 30th caused 
the pain immediately to return, but after that every thing 
was cured. (Hering.) 

A pain Very deep in the posterior part of the right 
eye, and extending very far into the upper jaw, the 
same which he had at one o'clock in the left side.) (At 
5 and 6 o'clock in the evening, the 9th day. 3d. Her- 
ing.) 

Sensation of warmth and obtusion in the bone of the 
right upper jaw. (After 10 minutes. 3d. Hering.) 

135. Painful sensibility of the right upper jaw. This 
sensibiUty is, as it were, reflected in the lower jaw. 
(After 15 minutes. 3d. Hering.) 

In the right articulation of the jaw sensation as if a 
spasm were to take place. (After several hours. Geist.) 



40 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

In both joints of the jaws, (worse in the left,) a painful 
spasmodic contraction. Had the same sensation occa- 
sionally before. (The 11th day. Zd. Hering,) 

SUght numbness of the right joint of the lower jaw, 
a continual sensation of warmth. (After 1 and 2 houis. 
3d, Hering.) 

Drawing pain in the right lower jaw bone, towards 
the middle. (1 hour after the 5th dose. Geist.) 

140. Slight gnawing pain in both sides of the lower 
jaw, in the bone near the angle. (Soon after 79. 2d. 
JYeidhard.) 

In connection with a drawing in the entire left eye, 
a peculiar sensation in the right lower jaw, not in the 
bone, but very close to it. In the evening, .24 hours 
after taking the remedy. (30^A. Freitag.) Comp. 454. 

Burning pain on the outside of the right lower jaws 
on a small spot near the first or second molar tooth. 
(After 1 and 2 hours. 3d. Hering.) 

TEETH. — Teeth feel warm ; those of the upper jaw 
especially on the left side. The incisor and canine are 
much warmer than any of the others. A few minutes 
afterwards there was considerable warmth in the pharynx. 
These sensations ceased in the course of an hour. The 
prover remarked, particularly, that the heat or w^armth 
was felt in the teeth, and not gums or alveolar process. 
{1st. E. Smith.) 

Digging pain in one of the lower incisois, towards the 
right. (The 3d day. Husmann.) 

145. Toothache; drawing in the left lower jaw. (Af- 
ter 4 hours. 2d. JYeidhard.) 

Toothache for a short time in the left lower jaw. (30/A. 
Freitag.) 

The right upper incisors are very sensitive on drink- 
ing cold water, and also on inhaling cold air, particu- 
larly the one which is decayed. (The same symptom some 
weeks before the proving. 30th. Hering.) Comp. 159. 

The cold air in a room causes pain in the carious 
tooth of the right upper incisor. (Evening, after several 
hours. 6/A. Hering.) 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 41 

Soon after taking the remedy transient pain in the 
right eye tooth. (Evening. Husmann,) 

150. The pain in the tooth on the right side disap- 
pears for a moment, and is transmitted to the left thigh, 
on the outside above the knee. (The 3d day. Hus- 
7nann,) 

The right eyetooih, which was formerly rough, but 
became afterwards smooth again, is now rough, and 
commences to ache, particularly at the root of it. In 
the upper jaw, along the root of the teeth pressure is very 
painful, particularly in the evening ; it is mitigated tem- 
porarily, by cold water. (The 3d and following days. 
Husmami,) 

* A fistula of several years standing near the right 
eyetooth, with great sensitiveness in touching the upper 
jaw ; gradually disappears during the provings. [Her- 

The 5th day in the morning the lower incisor teeth 
have a sensation of roughness, as if they were broken, 
and the tongue feels painful on touching them. (For 
several days. 3^. Hering,) 

Acrid putrid taste from the root of the right lateral 
incisor, on which there is fixed an artificial tooth. (The 
next morning after. 2d. Williamson.) 

155. * After the second w^eek a decidedly improved 
condition of his teeth ; the carious teeth seem to secrete 
less, and the gums do not bleed so easily. (3d. Her- 
ing.) Comp. 182. 

(After five weeks a painful excoriation near the first 
lower m.olar tooth, on the right side. 3d. Hering.) 

MOUTH, TASTE, NAUSEA.— A sensation of 
warmth on the lips. (Immediately. 3rf. Hering,) 

Very often a burning, like a sore on the inside of the 
lower lip tov/ards the right, very near the edge. (After 
1 and 2 hours. 3d Heriiig,) 

A solution of I caused in the mouth a violent pain, 
as from hot water ; the teeth became so painful that 
for two days he could not masticate with them 
Kreiiier. 

4* 



42 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

160. One drop of the one-sixteenth solution pro- 
duced in the mouth a bluntness of the teeth, a sensation 
of sticking, contraction and tension, after which the in- 
terior cuticle of the mouth became whitish and peeled 
off. After three days. Kreiner. 

Twenty drops of the one-forty-eighth solution, taken 
in water^ excited frequent sour eructations ; sensation 
of heat and a disagreeable flat taste in the moiith. 
Kreiner. 

One drop of the one-forty- eighth 'solution produced 
in the mouth contractions and prickling, and a disa- 
greeable taste. Kreiner, 

The taste is quite intolerable. Thenard. 
In the evening, taste like ink ; seems to proceed from 
a lower tooth on the left side. (2d day. &th, Hering,) 
Acrid foul taste from the root of the tooth. 154. 
165. In the morning on awakening, a saltish taste in 
the mouth until breakfast. (The 2d day. Pehrson.) 

After-taste in the mouth of what he has eaten ; worse 
in the afternoon. (\2th, Gosewisch.) 

Acid taste, and greasy feeling in the mouth imme- 
diately after. (3^J. Jeanes.) 

Greasy feeUng in the mouth, immediately. {3d. Her- 
ing.) 

Sweetish taste in the throat at night. (4th day. 2d, 
Williamson,) 

170. After dinner sour bitter eructations. (In three 
hours. 2d, JYeidhard,) 
Sour eructations. 161. 

Frequent acid eructations, with pyrosis and passage 
of flatulency. (In the afternoon, the 2d day. 2d, JVeid- 
hard,) 

Eructations with choking. 190. 
Frequent nauseating eructations, with inclination to 
vomit. 202. 

Pyrosis with nausea. (In 2\ hours. 2d, JYeidhard,) 
Eructation of wind and sickness of the stomach, very 
soon. (2d, JYeidhard,) 

Eructation and discharge of fiatulency, frequently, 
{Campos,) 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 43 

175. Sickness of stomach, continuing from three to 
four hours, after taking the acid. (l^^. EsreyJ) 

Sickness of the stomach with some desire to vomit. 
{1st E. Smith) 

Some sickness of the stomach. (After 4 hours. 2c?. 
JVeidhard.) 

Constant great sickness of the stomach, with general 
heat, (After 2 hours. 2d Midhard.) Comp.48,83. 

Continual sickness of stomach, with vertigo and head- 
ache. (After 4 hours. 2d, JVeidhard,) 

180. Slight feehng of nausea and vertigo. (After 10 
minutes, ^d, Hering.) 

He vomits several times with difficulty a clear, viscid 
fluid, with coagulated white pieces, having no connec- 
tion with the burning in the mouth, nor the symptoms 
accompanying it. The whole day he felt nausea^ eruc- 
tations and lassitude. After 30 drops of one-sixteenth 
solution, (about 2 grains.) Kreiner. 

* The mouth is not so full of mucus in the morning 
as usual ; it is less around the teeth ; in rincing it there 
is less blood and viscid mucus than usual. (After several 
days. 30^/z. Heriiig,) 

Five minutes after taking, an increase of the flow of 
saliva, so that he had to spit constantly for about 10 
minutes ; after which he began to feel a pain in the head, 
when the flow of saliva diminished and ceased in one 
hour. 45, 49. 

Much viscid saliva in awakening at night, before the 
diarrhoea. 231. 

Increase of saliva with sneezing. 297. 

PALATE AND FAUCES. Prickling of the tongue, 
and increase of saliva for some hours, and afterwards 
combined with smarting, feeling of the palate as if some- 
thing very acrid had been gargled. A feeling of ten- 
derness and irritability in the larynx ; coughing to clear 
the throat causes feeling of soreness, which shows an 
unusual degree of sensibility. (3d Jeanes.) Comp. 
162. 

* A very painful little ulcer in the lower part of the 
mouth, tovv^ards the right, in the corner of the upper and 



44 ACIDUM FLOURICUM. 

lower jaw; very troublesome during mastication and 
otherwise. [Herini^.) 

185. Sensationof heat in the fauces. ( The next morn- 
ing. Hasmann.) 

Dryness of the left half of the palate and roof of the 
mouth. (In the evening the 4Lh day. 2d William- 
son,) 

A singular sensation of expansion in the posterior 
nares, during his walk in the open air. (30^A. Hering ) 
Compare eyes, 108, 

* A pain to which he was frequently subject at the 
opening of the left eustachian tube, appears after one 
to two hours, and does not recur again afterwards. (S^^. 
Hering.) 

In the lower part of the entrance of the fauces, to- 
wards the left side a raw^ feeling ; although it is little 
painful, he still apprehends it may prove serious. (The 
11th and 12th day^ in the morning and forenoon. Zd, 
Hering,) 

190. Violent burning in the fauces, and a sensation 
of constriction ; rumbling in the bowels, pressure in the 
stomach, and burning eructations ; choking for two 
hours ; the second day constipated. From 10 drops of 
the one-sixteenth solution, (about i gr.) Kreiner. 

Immediately a slight itching sensation in the larynx, 
which causes him to swallow and to hawk, lasting for 
hours. 2 drops. (31^^. Geist,) 

Sore throat, with difficult deglutition ; his throat, as 
far as below the larynx, felt so sore that the bread, al- 
though masticated very thoroughly, could not be swal- 
lowed without the greatest pain. After the smelling of 
the acid, 5 o'clock, P. M., until the next morning after 
breakfast. The same morning hawking up of much 
phlegm, mixed with some blood; during the day abate- 
ment of the symptoms. (Hering,) 

Constriction in the throat with difficult deglutition, 
at first in the forenoon, three hours after taking it ; the 
next day it begins towards evening. (30/A. Freitag.) 

APPETITE. —With his usual good appetite, he 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 45 

nevertheless is soon satisfied. (The 3d and 4th day 
and following days. 'StOth, Hering,) 

(The same symptom after. 3t/. Hering.) 

195. Thirst at night. {Campos.) 

Appetite increased. [Campos.) 

Hunger increased. {Campos.) 

Excessive hunger. {Campos.) 

Voracious appetite. {Campos,) Comp. 222, 250. 

200. The appetite is diminished, he wants something 
^^ piquant.^' {\2th. Gosewisch.) 

Aversion to coffee the 15th day. {3d. Hering.) 

STOMACH. — Constriction in the throat ; pressure 
and sensation of fulness in the region of the stomach ; 
frequent stale disgusting eructations, wuth inclination 
to vomit. Of one drachm of the one-forty-eighth solu- 
tion, (about one and one-fourth gr.,) within half an 
hour, all symptoms disappeared. Kreiner. 

Pressure in the stomach and burning. 190. 

Decidedly uncomfortable sensation in the stomach, 
A. M. (After the 2d dose. 2d. Williamson.) 

Sensitiveness of the region of the stomach to pressure. 
{\2th, Gosewisch.) 

205. Sensation, between meals, as pressure from a 
weight in the stomach, simulating indigestion. (After 
3 days. Campos.) 

Heat in the stomach before his meal, which disap- 
pears after it ; then heaviness in the stomach, and af- 
ter some hours again heat. Worse during exercise. 
(12. Gosewisch.) Comp. 190. 

ABDOMEN. — Sensation in the left side of abdomen, 
as if a pain were to arise and wind discharge, without 
either taking place. (In half an hour after the fifth 
dose. Geist.) Comp. 228, 231. 

Pain in the left side of the abdomen, in the region of 
the spleen. (After 1 hour. Geist.) 

Suddenly an acute pain in the left side of abdomen, 
above the hip, hindering respiration. (After 2 hours. 
Geist.) 

210. Pinching in the region of the spleen, forenoon 
11 o'clock. (The 4th and following day. Pehrson.) 



46 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

In the evening a pressing pain in the abdomen on 
the left side, and also in the left arm. (Freitag,) 

* A pain which he has had for six days in the re- 
gion of the spleen, reaching to the hips, disappears im- 
mediately after one drop 30th; and did not return. 
(Geist.) 

Jerkings in left side of abdomen. (After 2 hours. 
Geist,) 

Pinching in region of navel, excitement to diarrhoea, 
and a copious watery evacuation. (2 o'clock, A. M. 
7th day. Pehrson.) 

215. During diarrhoea, pain more particularly in re- 
gion of navel. (Several hours after. 6th, Hering,) 

Immediately after partaking of some^pieces of water- 
melon, a meal offish, etc., some pain in the abdomen, 
•which is not generally the case. (After 1 hour. 3^?. 
Hering.) 

Rumbling in bowels, with erratic pain. A. M. (1^^^. 
E. Smith.) 

Shooting pain in bowels, like as if from wind, some- 
times very acute. (Evening. 1^^. E. Smith.) 

In the night a sensation of warmth in the abdomen, 
with a pressure towards the bladder. (1st day. 3d. 
Hering.) 

220. Throbbing hke a pulsation on feeling the breast 
and abdomen. (B.) 

Sensation of faintness, like an emptiness in the region 
of the navel, with a desire to draw a deep breath. It 
is relieved by bandaging ; in the forenoon, before he 
had eaten anything ; it gets better after eating. In the 
evening it is more like a slight burning. When occu- 
pied he does not observe it. (12th. Gosewisch.) 

Inclination to draw up the muscles of the abdomen, 
with great appetite. {12th. Gosewisch.) 

FiECES. — Free evacuation of the bowels, twice a 
day. {2d. Williamson.) 

Inclination to diarrhoea ; two passages the first day. 
{2d. Midhard.) 

225. Two hard passages the 2d day. {2d. JVeid- 
hard.) 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 4? 

Hasty pressure for a passage like in diarrhoea, and a 
soft evacuation, P. M., 2 o'clock. Three hours after 
the 4th dose, 30^A, 4 drops. Was formerly very regular 
in his bowels. (Geist.) 

In the evening, inejETectual desire for a passage. (The 
5th day. Pehrson.) 

After eating, rumbling in the stomach, and urging 
like in diarrhoea. (The 13th and 14th day. Pehrson.) 
' '^ The soft small passage, which he has every morn- 
ing after drinking coffee, and again late in the evening, 
with ineffectual urging and protrusion of hemorrhoids, 
changes after 4 to 5 days into copious natural evacua- 
tions. {SOth, Hering.) 

230. His passage is more loose than common. (12^/i. 
Gosewisch.) 

He wakes up after midnight with a large quantity of 
viscid, tasteless saliva in the mouth, burning pinching 
pain in the stomach, and with a sensation of distension 
from flatulency ; after the passage of some wind the 
pain is increased, and he cannot pass any more ; after 
a copious pappy evacuation of the bowels the pains 
seem to concentrate themselves in the region of the 
navel. After the evacuation the pain is diminished ; 
on returning to his room, however, it returns again, 
and he has a second passage, accompanied with pain in 
region of the navel ; in the morning, 7 o'clock, a third 
passage. (The 3d day. Pehrson.) 

4 o'clock, A. M., the same diarrhoea. (6th day. 
Pehrson.) 

After rising, a copious pappy evacuation. (The 8th 
day. Pehrson.) 

Several pappy evacuations during the 10th day. 
(Pehrson.) 

235. Immediately after rising in the morning, two 
watery stools. (The 12th day. Pehrson.) (The passages 
seem to occur every other day, and every day at 
a later hour. Hering.) 

In the morning after rising a pappy loose passage, 



48 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

the 13th and 14th day; not the 15th ; and the 16th, 
twice, the 17th again once. {Pehrson.) 

The evacuation becomes protracted, insufficient, 
and lumpy. (6^/^, 12^A, 30th. Hering,) 

Passage protracted and very small ; the day after, 
226, on omitting the remedy. (Geist,) 

Constipated for two days. After 10 drops one-six- 
teenth. Kreiner, 

240. He feels as if the wind was retained in the 
anus. {Qth. Hering,) 

Much rumbling from flatulency. (The 9th day. 
Pekrso7i.) 

Passes much inodorous wind. {12th. Gosewisch.) 

He passes more inodorous flatus, with much noise. 
(6^A, 30th. After several days. Hering.) 

Much rumbling in abdomen, 190, 217, 228. 

Frequent passage of flatus and eructations ; it leaves 
him immediately more comfortable^ and with a feeling 
as if that was the last^ but is not so; because in a few 
minutes every thing is renewed in the same order ^ suc- 
cession and feeling as before; and so on for two or 
three days^ with the only difference of being at longer in- 
tervals than it was at first. [Campos.) 

245. In the morning offensive flatus. (The 2d day. 
Pehrson.) 

Small very strongly offensive winds precede the 
evacuation. (2d day. 3d. Hering.) 

The same the 8th day. 

Small, excessively offensive discharges of wind in 
the forenoon, several hours before his meal, and in 
the afternoon two hours after eating. (The 2d day. 
3d. Hering.) 

A large pappy yellowish-brown passage, of a very 
strong, disagreable smell of foeces, together with 
tenesmus to which the prover is liable, although less 
protrusion of the anus than formerly. (The 2d day. 
Hering.) 

The 3d day no passage ; the 4th, 10 o'clock,A. M., 



ACIDUM FLUORIC UM. 49 

indefinite desire, small odourless winds and pappy 
evacuation. {3d. Hering,) 

250. The 8th day, before dinner, after small, exces- 
sively fetid discharges of flatus, a sudden urging, 
then a thin pappy passage without any odour, and at 
the same time a very copious discharge of urine. He 
had eaten peaches before, which, however, never acted 
that way; and after the passage a better appatite than 
usual. {M. Hering,) 

He observed the same tertian type the 2d, 4th, (6th,) 
and 8th day. (Hering.) 

The fifth week the evacuation is more regular than 
usual. {3d. Hering.) 

ANUS. — Constriction of the anus, in attempting to 
propel wind. {Qtli. Hering.) Comp. 231, 240. 

* The protrusion of the anus during evacuation, 
habitual to'him was very quickly, and to a considerable 
degree, diminished for several weeks. {3d. Hering.) 

255. * A more comfortable feeUng in the anas 
than is usual with him; in one subject to piles. (2d 
day. 3d. Hering.) 

After drinking wine, determination of blood to the 
anus. {3d. Hering.) 

Within and around the anus violent itching the 15th 
and 16th day; continues around the anus until the 
5th week. {3d. Hering.) 

Itching above the anus, suddenly and most violent, 
often returning. (The 12th and following days. 3d, 
Hering.) 

Violent itching, which distresses him particularly in 
the evening, on a small spot in the centre of the peri- 
neum. (From the 2d week, increasing until the 6th 
and 7th. 3d. Hering.) 

GROINS, BLADDER AND URINE.— 260. Con- 
tinual dull pain in the inguinal region on both sides, 
and deeply situated. {Campos.) 

Burning for a short time in the right inguinal region. 
(In the afternoon. Husmann.) 

5 



50 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

Drawing through the left testicle to the abdominal 
ring. 281. 

Dull pains in the region of the bladder. (The 1st 
week. 3d. Hering,) 

Pressure on the bladder, with a sensation of warmth 
in the abdonjen. 219. 

Violent pain like an electric shock from the region of 
the bladder, down into the right thigh. 411. 

Before and after urination, a pain in the lower part of 
the bladder ; there is also pain on pressure. (The 1st 
and 2d day. 6^A. Hering.) 

After urination a pain as it were above the neck of 
the bladder. (Afternoon. 6/A. Hering.) 

265. The frequently returning pain in the bladder is 
entirely gone. (The 2d day after taking 30th. 
Hering.) 

In the morning an intolerable burning in the urethra, 
during urination, and after it for 5 minutes. The 9th 
day. In one who never had a gonorrhoea. {Pehrson.) 

Less urination the next morning. {3d. Hering.) 

Decidedly less voiding of urine, the 2d and 3d day, 
but the urine is not of a darker colour. (3d. Hering.) 

Has to get twice up at night to void his urine, which 
is quite unusual with him; the night is cooler than the 
previous ones. (The 5th day. 3d Hering.) 

270. More urination and afterwards more thirst. (The 
5th day. 3d. Hering.) 

Urination more frequent, and of a clear colour after 
several days. {6th. Hering.) 

Frequent desire to make water after several days. 
(30^A. Hering.) 

Free discharge of light coloured urine ; very frequent^ 
of mfficiently large^ hut iiot increased quantity^ leaving 
him more comfortable ; he drinks little as usual. ( Campos.) 

Pungent and strong odour of the urine, which was 
freely discharged, in the evening. (The 4th day. 2d. 
Williamson.) 

275. The 15th and 16th day, a very acrid and strong 
odour of the urine. {3d. Hering.) 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 51- 

As far as the 6th week, his urine frequently smells 
very offensively. {3d, Hering,) 

The urine has diminished in quantity and has a de- 
cided fragrancy, (like benzoic acid.) (The 2d day, even- 
ing and morning. 30^A. Hering,) 

His habitual whitish sediment in the urine is also 
mixed with a very copious purple coloured one. (The 
3d day. Hering,) 

The 5th day his urine has lost its purple coloured 
sediment and fragrancy. {3Qth, Hering,) 

280. GENITAL ORGANS.— Sensation of fulness 
in both spermatic chords. (The 1st evening. 3d, Her- 
ing,) Comp. 260. 

Occasionally stiches and drawing through the left 
testicle, to the abdominal ring and spermatic chord. 
(After 4 hours. 2d, A^eidhard,) 

Sexual passion more easily controlled. (1st week. 3d. 
Hering,) 

The 6th, 7th and the following days, it seemed as if his 
sexual desire was disappearing. (For several weeks. , 
3d, Hering,) 

The 11th morning. The first erections again of very 
long duration, and quite healthy nature. {3d, Hering,) 

285. An increase of sexual desire the 3d and 4th 
day, with a complete erection ; which, however, soon 
disappeared. {30th, Hering.) 

Sexual desire increased during the action of fluoric. 
acid. {12tk, Gosewisch,) 

Almost irresistible attacks of libidinousness, more in 
the case of old than young men. (30^A. Hering,) 

Sexual passion strongs with violent erections all nighty 
and desire to cohabit, {Campos.) 

Erections with desire and voluptuousness. {Campos,) 

290. Sexual passion increased^ with erections at night 
during sleep , { Campos, ) 

Highly excessive enjoyment and pleasure during coi- 
tio7i^ which was not the case before. {Campos.) 

Seminal discharge not so quick and early as usual, but 
free and without any bad after feeling, {Campos.) 



52 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

Elderly persons had often attacks of venereal desire 
and erections, and the exercise of this function seemed 
not to be injurious to them. (Hering.) 

The monthly period occurred 8 days too soon, 
and was more copious ; but, instead of 6 to 7 days, 
lasted only five ; the discharge is thick and coagulated. 
The succeeding catamenia take place again at the re- 
gular period, according to the former calculation. (B.) 

NOSE, CORYZA.— 295. The odour of the acid is 
very acrid and penetrating. Thenard. 

Sneezing in the afternoon. (After 4 hours. 2d. JYeid- 
hard.) 

In the morning violent sneezing seven times, with a 
discharge of a small quantity of thin mucus from the 
nose, and collection of saliva in the mouth, with that 
sensation in the nose which arises sometimes from the 
influence of severely cold weather. (The 2d day. &th. 
Hering.) 

Early in the morning on rincing the mouth with cold 
water, the nose appears suddenly full of mucus, like as 
if he had fluent coryza, but as quickly passes over again. 
(30/A. Hering.) 

Coryza the 8th day, is the 9th day on the right side, 
and fluent with sneezing ; remains semilateral and fluent 
during the 10th and 11th day. [Pehrson.) 

^ In a case of chronic obstruction of the nose, with a 
dull heavy pain in the forehead, where silex, 30^A, had 
been of some service, fluor. ac. 30^/z, immediately caused 
a running from the nose, without any other improve- 
ment. (The same in a case of ulceration.) [Husman.) 

300. Sudden attacks of coryza, suddenly appearing 
and disappearing again ; it seems as if excitement re- 
moved the coryza.^ (3rf. Hering.) 

CHEST. — Increased irritabilitybf the larynx; whilst 
coughing shghtly, there arises a sensation of soreness. 
[Jeanes.) 

Pain in the larynx as if it were in the cartilage, in- 
ducing him to swallow. (After 90 minutes. M. Her-^ 
ing.) 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 53 

Soreness in the chest. (After three hours. 2d, Meid- 
hard.) 

A sore pain in the left side of the chest, as if beneath 
the skin, which he feels only on moving; a similar pain 
in the left shoulder. (10 o^clock in the evening, after 
four hours. 1st, E, Smith.) 

305. On rising in the morning, pain again in the left 
side of the chest, similar to the one he felt the evening 
before. (1^^. E, Smith.) 

Oppression with pain in the chest, (xlfter 4 hours. 2c?. 
A^eidhai^d.) 

Pressing pain in the last rib, towards the right near 
the spine. (After 1 hour. Geist.) 

Pressure in the centre of the sternum in the afternoon ; 
in the evening at 10 o'clock after retiring, a pressing 
pain in the middle of the chest, which lasts until befalls 
asleep. (The 1st day. Geist.) 

Small stiches in the side. (After 4 hours. 2d. jYeid- 
hard.) 

310. Sticking under the ribs to the left of the ensi- 
form cartilage, in the evening. (After 15 minutes. 2d. 
Williamson.) 

Burning sticking pain in the left side of the chest, 
lasting only for a moment. After smelling the acid. 
(Husmann.) 

A pain, as if a stitch would appear deep in the left 
side of the chest, posteriorly to the heart. (After two 
hours. Geist.) 

Pain from the left side of the chest to the groins, in- 
creased by deep respiration, particularly in the groin and 
back ; like a stitch. From 9 to 10 o'clock in the 
forenoon. ( Gosewisch. ) 

RESPIRATION. Oppression in the chest on reclin- 
ing, at the same time a trembling in the lower extre- 
mities. (B.) 

315. Oppression in the upper part of the chest; not 
relieved by deep inspiration. (The 7th and following 
days. 3rf. Hering.) 

Difficulty of breathing; there seems to be an impedi- 

5* 



54 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

ment in the region of the pit of the throat, and uppe 
part of the chest ; at the same time itching pimples on 
the back and pain in the chest, below the point of the 
shoulder blade. (The 9th day. 3d. Hering,) 

He often breathes deeply, as if the breast within and 
below was full, in the forenoon during sitting and writ- 
ing. (The 11th day. 3d. Hering,) 

The difficulty in his respiration in the depth of the 
chest, often returns in the afternoon and evening. (The 
2d and 3d week. 3d. Hering.) Comp. 235. 

Wheezing during respiration, observed more by others 
than himself^ in the afternoon and evening ; in the after- 
noon on the bed, on which occasion he has to turn 
backwards, if he wants to take a full breath. (The 6th 
w^eek. 3d. Hering.) 

320. * In two cases of incurable hydrothorax, fl. ac. 
gave much relief. {Sd. Jeanes.) 

HEART. — Uneasiness about the heart. (Immedi- 
ately. 2d. JYeidhard.) 

Aching in region of heart. (After 15 minutes. 2d. 
JVeidhard.) 

Jerking in the heart. (After 1 hour. 2d. JVeid- 
hard.) 

Painful jerking in the heart. (After 2 hours. 2d. 
JYeidhard.) 

325. Continual soreness in the heart. (After 1 hour. 
2d. JYeidhard.) 

EXTERIOR CHEST.— Itching on the left breast and 
right side of the nose. After smelling. 30th. [Hus- 
mann.) 

The severe itching on the breast, with small soft 
pimples, habitual to him in summer, is much increased 
on the 4th day. (3d. Hering.) 

Slight pain close to the right nipple. (After 1 hour. 
30th. Gosewisch.) 

In the eveniiifr, itching on the right nipple and around 
it ; the nipple is the next morning much larger, more 
red, and the areola darker. A thin brownish crust is 
formed on the areola. (The 12th and 13th day, 3d. 
Hering.) 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 55 

NECK. — 330. In the evening, during his walk, a 
yery severe itching on the throat and chest. (The 10th 
day. Sd. Hering.) 

In the forenoon pain in the right side of the neck. 
[foth Freitag,) 

In the afternoon, violent drawing pain in the right 
side of the neck. (Freitag.) 

Contraction in some muscles of the neck, on the left 
side and towards the shoulder, during the forenoon, on 
reposing and whilst rising.^ After some exercise it gra- 
dually subsides. The pain seems to change from one 
set of muscles to the other, but is always in more than 
one. The omohyoideus muscle is decidedly affected. 
(4th day. 3d, Hering.) 

Rigidity in the nape of the neck, soon after taking 
it. (5 o'clock, P. M. bths Williamson,) 

335. Soreness in the left half of the nape. (1st day. 
5th. Williamson,) 

Very transient drawing pain along the right side of 
the nape. (5th. Williamson.) 

Now and then warm flushes like a warm breath, from 
nape of the neck towards the occiput. (Lasting 8 
dys. 30th. Husmann.) 

Warm streamings from the right nape to the shoulder. 
Comp. 496. 

Headache, from the nape of the neck through the 
centre of the head, towards the forehead, dull pressure. 
Comp. 50. 

BACK. — Strong heat, extending from the centre of 
the dorsal region to the loins. (After 3 hours. Cam- 
pos.) 

Deep seated pain in the left lumbar region at night. 
(4th day. 2d. Williamson.) 

340. A pain under the point of the right shoulder 
blade, to which he was formerly subject, and which 
impels him to bend the body backwards and to stretch; 
appears after a few hours, and returns occasionally for 
several days; but more rarely after some weeks. (3d. 
Hering.) 



56 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

Deep seated pain in the back, below the point of the 
shoulder-blade, more towards the left ; it occurs more 
in a sitting posture, particularly whilst riding. (The 
4th and 9th day. 3d. Hering,) 

Pain in the back, sometimes high up near the shoul- 
der-blades, sometimes deeply seated, as it were in the 
region of the kidneys. (1st week. 3d. 'Hering.) 

Violent itching, and small pimples on both shoulders 
and on the back, more towards the left. (11th and fol- 
lowing days. 3d. Hering.) 

* His habitual bruised pain in os sacrum and lumbar 
region, (relieved by stretching and bending backwards, 
but particularly by pressure, as well after fatiguing 
bodily labour,) is much aggravated by fl. ac. 6thj but is 
removed entirely after fl. ac. 30th; a similar pain, how- 
ever, returns in the region of the right shoulder, which 
is also quickly cured after a dose of fl. ac. 3d, it returns 
during the 4th and 5th day, in the back below, be- 
tween and above the shoulder, and only disappears in 
the 2d week. {Hering.) 

345. Aching pain in the os sacrum, very soon. {2d. 
JYeidhard.) 

Jerkings in sacrum, during the 1st hour, and less fre- 
quently the 2d hour. {2d. A^eidhard.) 

Pricking, burning, itching near the os coccygis, to- 
wards the right. (4th day. 3d. Hering.) 

UPPER EXTREMITIES.— Creeping and severe 
itching on the right shoulder. (Evening, after 5 or 6 
hours. 3d. Hering.) 

In the evening, changing from the top of one shoulder 
to the other ; severe itching, with now and then a sin- 
gle stitch in the skin. (1st day. 3d. Hering.) 

350. In the afternoon violent itching on the left 
shoulder, in the evening on the back, where small pim- 
ples arise ; worse late at night until he falls asleep. 
(The 4th and 5th day. 3d. Hering.) 

Burning pricking pain in the left shoulder-blade, 
(After 1 or 2 hours. 3d. Hering.) 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 5T 

Sudden jerking pain in the left shoulder, in the bone. 
[Freitag,) 

Pain in the left shoulder, beneath the skin; and in 
the left side of the chest/ Comp. 304. 

Pain of a deeply penetrating character, first in the 
right, afterwards in the left arm, most about the junction 
of the cancellated with the solid portion of the os 
humeri ; even after the disappearance of the pain, there 
is soreness upon pressure of the parts previously affect- 
ed. A similar pain in the muscles over the head of 
the left radius. (In 40 minutes. 3rf. Jeanes,) 

Rheumatic pain in the bones of the left arm, from el- 
bow to shoulder, with lameness. (After 1 hour. 2d, 
JYeidhard. ) 

355. In the afternoon pain in the right upper arm in 
the bone towards the elbow. From the right arm the 
pain passed over to the left arm, with the same pain in 
bone. (2d day. 2d, JYeidhard,) 

In the forenoon at 9 o'clock pressing pain in the 
right arm, and a constriction in the left side of the neck. 
[Freitag,) 

In the morning a pressing pain in the left arm, just 
above the elbow, {hth, Freitag,) 

Pain in the left arm above the elbow, appearing after 
the pains on the right side. (After 1 or 2 hours. 3g?. 
Hering,) 

Trembling in the biceps of the right arm. (After 
15 minutes. 2d. Williamson.) 

360. Trembling in the triceps of the right arm. (5th 
day. 2d. Williamson.) 

Aching in the right elbow joint. (2d day. 2d. 
Williamson,) 

Aching in the left elbow, in the evening. (4th day. 
2d, Williamson,) 

During the pain in the left side a pain in the right 
elbows-joint. ( Geist.) 

In the middle of the left forearm a slight pinching 
pain ; lasting only a short time. (In the evening. 1st, 
E. Smith,) 



58 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

365. Aching pains in the bones of the left forearm, 
towards the middle. {2d, JYeidhard.) 

A pain in the right shoulder-joint, which he had felt 
a week before last, but not the last ; returned for a few 
moments, and extended towards the fingers^ as if air 
was passing down, a sensation which he had never ex- 
perienced before. (After 1 hour. Geist.) 

A burning, pricking and jerking pain in the whole 
left arm; often returning, as if there was passing through 
the nerves a very painful, but slow electric shock. Most 
severe he feels it on the inside of the left little finger, 
together vdth now and then a sharp stitch in the point 
of the finger, passing from within outwardly. (In the 
afternoon, 2 o'clock, 2d day. 30^A. Bering,) 

An almost painful electric jerk, along the left radius 
to the thumb, which moves involuntarily. (Several 
times at 12 o'clock, 2d day. 3rf. Hering.) 

In the evening at 10 o'clock, the right arm, on which 
he rests, becomes benumbed and feels lame, with a 
pricking sensation. (3d, Herijig.) 

Slight lameness in the right arm, so that he has some 
difficulty in writing. (After 15 minutes. 2d. JYeidhard,) 

370. Pressure and lameness, with pain in the fore- 
arm. 453. 

Heaviness in the right arm, in the morning on awak- 
ing, with some numbness, although he only laid on the 
left side. (2d day. 30/A. Husmann,) 

On awaking, the right upper arm and shoulder feel 
bruised and benumbed, after lying on left side. (After 
several days. 30th, Heriiig.) 

The left forearm and hand as if asleep, at 5 o'clock, 
A. M., whilst lying on the right side. (7th day. 2d, 
Williamson,) 

The left hand is asleep in the morning, and remains 
so the whole forenoon. (2d day. 3d, Hering,) 

375. A sensation of numbness in the left hand, ex- 
tending to the forearm ; the sensation is different from 
the numbness produced by long pressure, and also more 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 59 

lasting, and does not subside after using exertion. (2d 
day. 3d. Hering,) 

Sensation of numbness, jerking and lameness in the 
left arm, appears in the morning and forenoon, and sub- 
sides again between 12 and 1 o'clock. {3d. Hering.) 

The numbness and paralytic sensation in the left 
forearm, returns every forenoon, but every day at a 
later period, and less decided. (4th, also the 10th and 
11th day. 3d. Hering.) Comp. 318. 

Numb pain in the forearms to the hand. {Qth. 
Freitag.) 

Lameness of the right hand. {30th. Freitag.^ 

380. Powerless sensation in the hands. (B.) 

Weakness and numbness in the head and hands. 83. 

In the fingers of the right hand some numbness and 
rigidity. (In the forenoon. 30^A. Hasmann.) 

Drawing in the right wrist in the forearm from 8 to 
11 o'clock. (6th day. Pehrson.) 

Pain about the right wrist and finger-joints, (i^fter 
1 hour. 3d. Jeanes.) 

After a cold from exposure, pain in the right meta- 
carpus. (In the evening. Qth. Hering.) 

385. Both hands are constantly very red. (3d and 
following days. 3d. Hering.) 

The hands are full and warm, uncommonly red, par- 
ticularly in the palms, and like marbled. (4th day. 3d. 
Hering.) 

Heat in the palm of the right hand. (The succeed- 
ing forenoon. 30th. Husmann.) 

* A perspiration in the palms of the hands, (even 
during cold dry weather, and with the back of the 
hand dry and cool ; his palms w^re constantly so moist 
that every one who shook hands with him observed it,) 
which remained after lobelia ; disappeared the 4th day 
of the fl. ac. proving. {Geist.) 

On the right index finger violent itching and small 
vesicles. (Evening, the 5th day. 3^?. Hering.) 

390. Pain in the first joint of the right little finger, 



60 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

as if it were being pulled out of joint. (After 15 min* 
utes. 2d. Williamson.) 

Burning around the first bone of the right middle fin- 
ger, together with an itching, sdnging in the skin. (Af- 
ter 1 hour. 3rf. Hering,) 

Pain in the left index finger, as it were in the bone, 
now and then during the day, the whole finger is pain- 
ful interiorly, particularly in the evening. (5th day. 
3c/. Hering.) 

Aching in the left index finger. (6th day. 2d, 
Williamson. ) 

Acute prickings, like with a needle, in the fingers. 
{Qth. Freitag.) 

395. Pricking in the ends of the index fingers, most 
in the left ; also in the right thumb. (4th day. 2d. 
Williamson.) 

Jerking in the left thumb occasionally, extending to 
the middle of the forearm. (During the forenoon, ^d. 
Hering. ) 

Now and then a pain resembling a contusion in the 
ends of several fingers, as it were in the bones. (In the 
evening the 4th and following weeks. 3c/. Hering.) 

A violent burning stitch in the fleshy part of the left 
thumb; often returning and passing out at the end. 
(11 o'clock, A. M., 2d day. M. Hering.) 

Painless sensation beneath the nail of the left thumb, 
as Hf something was working gradually its way out. 
(2d day, A.M. M. Hering.) 

400. Slowly jerking, repeated burning in the end of 
the left litde finger. (10 o'clock, A. M. 2d day. 3d 
Hering.) 

During the forenoon, until 2 o'clock, sensation of a 
pain along the back of the left little finger, he repeat- 
edly looks, if it is not actually there. (7th week. 3d. 
Hering.) 

During the 6th week there yet arise larger and smaller 
vesicles, in groups, with very sensitive itching on 
the ulnar side of the right thumb, and the radial side of 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 61 

the index finger, leaving behind them dry scurfy spots. 
(3d. Hering,) 

Soreness of warts on the left hand, [2d, Esrey.) 

For several weeks the growth of the nails seems to 
be much more rapid. (3rf. Hering,) 

LOWER EXTREMITIES.— 405. Acute stitches 
on the right hip bone, spreading themselves over the 
glutei muscles. ("After 1 hour. Geist.) 

Pain in the right hip. (After 45 minutes. 3c?. 
Jeajies.) 

Pain in the inner condyle of the left femur. (80 
minutes. 3d. Jeanes.) 

Lameness in the left hip. (2d day. 2d. Wil- 
Harrison. ) 

Soreness and pain, on motion, in the left hip, particu- 
larly felt on getting in or out of bed; worse in the morn- 
ing. (3d day. 2d. Williamson.) 

410. Pain in the right ischiatic nerve. (Afternoon. 
30th. Husmann.) 

A violent, slightly burning, quick, nervous pain pro- 
ceeds from the region of the bladder, down to the right 
thigh, whilst lying in bed. (1st day. Gth. Hering.) 

Burning, shooting pain, as if it were in the nerve, 
from the right hip downwards, particularly on the in- 
side of the knee ; farther down less distinctly. (2d day. 
Hering.) 

Pressing pain in the fleshy part of left thigh on the 
outside. (Geist.) 

Burning, itching pain in the back part of the thigh. 
(After smelling. 30th. Husmann.) 

415. Soreness in the muscles of the thighs. (2d day. 
2d. Williamson.) 

Bruise-like pain of the thigh, particularly in the pos- 
terior and inner portion. (2d and 3d day. 3d. Hering.) 

Pain on the inside of the right knee, in the evening. 
(After 15 minutes. 2d. Williamson.) 

Penetrating pain on the outside of the left knee. 
(4th day. 2d. William^son.) 

6 



62 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

y 

Dead feeling in the right knee-joint. (1st day. 
E. SmitL) 

420. Pain in the right knee-joint ; also pain in bones 
of right forearm. (After 4 hours. 2d. JYeidhard,) 

Deep-seated pain below the right knee. (In the 
evening, after 15 minutes. 2d, Williamson,) 

Severe pain in the left knee, on the outside, disap- 
pears after friction. (Evening, 8 o'clock. Geist.) 

Drawing pain in the calf of the right leg, beginning 
at the hollow of the knee, and extending to the tendon 
achilles, (The next forenoon. 30^A. Husmann,) 

Drawing pain in the left leg and foot. [Freitag.) 

425. Tearing pain in the right knee from below up- 
wards ; after that a quick, very transient pressing pain 
in the left temple. (30^A. Husmann.) 

Right foot quite lame, and a dull aching pain in the 
osfemoris, tibia and fibula. [2d, JYeidhard,) 

In the evening slight numbness of the right thigh, 
only whilst crossing the legs. (In 3 hours. 3c?. Her- 
ing.) 

The left leg falls easily asleep. (The 9th and 10th 
day. 3d, Hering,) 

In the evening during a walk, drawing pain in the 
right ankle-joint, spreads gradually over the whole leg, 
producing a lameness in the knee and ankle, so that he 
is hardly able to proceed ; it disappears during rest, but 
returns on renewing his walk, w^hen it also affects the 
right ankle-joint. (6th day. The same pain and weak- 
ness during walking, also on the 7th day, but in a less 
degree. Pehrson^ 

430. In the afternoon, for a quarter of an hour, a 
sensation of lameness, like a sprain, in the right ankle- 
joint; it passes all around the joint, and is very painful 
at each step, after walking and resting for a while it 
gradually disappears. (After having taken a small dose 
of tinct. colchicum.) (30^A. Hering,) 

Sprain-like pain in the left ankle-joint during walk- 
ing. (16th day. 3rf. Hering,) 

Pressing pain in the left foot. [Freitag.) 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 63 

Pain in the right external ankle. (Evening after 15 
minutes. Williamson,) 

Pain and burning in the right instep. (3 hours. Sd. 
Jeanes.) 

435. A pain in the left instep. (Evening, in 2 
hours. Sd, Hering.) 

Itching in the left instep. (From smelling. SOth. 
Husmann,) 

Heat in the sole of the right foot. (After 15 min- 
utes. 2d, Williamson,) 

Crawling sensation in the sole of the right foot. (4th 
day. 2d. Williamson,) 

Burning feeling in the sole of the right foot. (In 2 
hours. Jeanes,) 

440. In the morning, burning stitches under the 
soles of both feet, (The 15th day. Pehrson,) 

Violent burning pain in all the toes, so that he could 
hardly walk. (After 3 and 4 hours. 2d, JVeidhard,) 

Severe pains in all the left toes except the large, after 
the 8th dose. (Qth, Freitag,) 

Pain in the toes of the right foot in the first joints. 
(After three hours. 3rf. Jeanes,) 
■ Very acute pricking pain in the ends of the toes of the 
right foot. (The next forenoon. 30^/?. Husmann,) 

445. (On the second toe of the left foot a painful ex- 
coriation, which apparently bleeds.) (After 3 hours. 
2d, JVeidhard,) 

Pain in the corns of the right foot. (2c?. Esrey,) 

Soreness of all his corns, like a bile. (After 3 hours. 
2d, Jfeidhard,) 

GENERAL SYMPTOMS.— Sensation, as if the 
shoulder and hip-joints were going to be pulled out of 
joint. Campos,) 

Jerking pains in different parts of the body, behind 
the left ear, on the left middle finger and inos sacrum. 
(During the 1st hour. 2d, JVeidhard,) 

450. Violent jerking, burning pains, confined to a 
small space. (Zd, Hering.) 

Slight erratic pain in the left half of the body, in the 



64 ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 

arm, chest, thigh, etc., with a sensation of sUght itching, 
(After half an hour. Geist.) 

Pains of a short duration, in the left leg, arm, and 
hand. (After the 8th dose* 6th. Freitag,) 

Pressure and sensation of lameness, particularly in 
the hand, arm to the elbow, and in the foot. {6th. 
Freitag,) 

In the evening pressing pain in different parts of short 
duration ; on the chin, neck, in the right forearm, in 
the left knee, right foot, also in the right shoulder ; and 
left arm at times below, at others above the elbow. 
{Freitag.) 

455. Different aching pains in the bones of the fore- 
arms and legs about the centre, going and coming. 
{2d. JYeidhard. ) 

While sitting, pleasurable movements of the whole 
body, unawares. {Campos.) 

Hands, fingers, toes, feet, jaws, lips, eyebrow^s and 
lids, muscles of the face, etc., all are in motion. (In 10 
hours. Campos.) 

Increased ability to exercise his muscles without 
fatigue^ regardless of the most excessive heat* in sum- 
mer, or cold in winter ; he is able to perform with the 
greatest facility, his usual daily walk of several miles, 
which every day previously he thought very fatiguing 
and annoying. {Campos.) 

Walking is difficult, -because the legs feel tired ; he 
is hardly able to drag them along ; they are so heavy 
that he finds it necessary to hold on to the arm of some 
one else for support. {Campos.) 

460. In the evening, very suddenly, an unusual very 
great tiredness. {Geist.) 

Excessively languid. (In the forenoon after second 
dose. ,2d. Williamson.) 

Is less tired than usual after a walk in the evening. 
(The 8th and 11th day. 3r/. Hering.) 

SLEEP. — He is unusually wakeful in the evening. 
(8th day. M. Hering.) 

^ The prover resides in Norfolk; Va., situated 36° 50'' of 
latitude. 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 65 

Sleeplessness^ scarcely any inclination to sleep' 
{^Campos,) 

465. JVb desire to sleep, {Campos.) 

Day or night without his usual sleep, he feels as if he 
had already slept. [Campos.) 

Sleeplessness from the time he has gone to bed until 
7tear morning, when a very short and light sleep will be 
sufficient to refresh him, as if he had slept all night. 
(Campos.) 

Drowsiness, constant sleepiness, for the first five days 
after the acid. (Campos.) 

In the morning, soon after taking the acid, uncon- 
querable sleepiness; after a short and refreshing sleep, 
it nevertheless returns every two hours until evening. 
(Pehrson.) 

470. Every forenoon about 10 to 12 o'clock he be- 
comes sleepy and tired. (During the 1st week. Sd, 
Hering. ) 

Periodical attacks of sleepiness in the afternoon of the 
second day. (Pehrson.) 

In the evening, earlier, sleepy. (During the first two 
weeks. Sof. Hering.) 

Sudden sleepiness m the evening. (The 5th, 7th, 
8th, 10th, and ]2th day. M. Hering.) 

Profound sleep until late in the morning. (During 
1st week, for several days. 2>d. Hering.) 

475. Soon ?.fter faUing asleep, anxious, frightful 
dreams, with waking up at midnight ; the rest of the 
night, many dreams of distant acquaintances, in a per- 
son who almost never dreams. (1st day. Pehrson.) 

Dreams of distant acquaintances and things. (The 
whole of the 2d night. Pehrson.) 

Many dreams for 15 nights, quite unusual. (Pehr- 
son.) 

All his dreams were very lucid, as if they really hap- 
pened, and although they were sometimes disagreeable, 
they w^ere never vexatious. (Pehrson.) 

He dreams of the sudden death of his friends, and 



66 ACIDUM FLU0RICF3I. 

severely reproaches himself for neglecting them. (1st 
day. Qth, Hering.) 

480. Dreams that he was dead, and orders the rapid 
removal of the corpse out of the house. (B.) 

A very vivid dream ; sees his nearest relatives die. 
(2d day. 30^A. Uusmann,) 

Restless nights, dreams easy to remember, of the oc- 
cm'rences of the day, in a person who has not dreamed 
for years. (12th. Gosewisch,) 

The whole night very vivid dreams, wath minuteness 
of detail. He forgets them soon after awaking. (After 
several days. 20th. Hering.) 

Resdess nights, with many dreams, which he cannot 
recollect. {2d. JVeidhard.) ■ 

485. Dreams, particularly tow^ards morning, and 
generally of a frightful character, (Freitag.) 

Many dreams, but only after midnight. (7th day. 
Pehrson.) 

Dreams towards monmig. (For the first time on the 
9th and 10th day. Zd. Hering.) 

Snoring in his sleep and exclamations in the dream. 
{foth. Hering.^ 

Thirst in the night. [Campos.) 
490. Notwithstanding going to bed very late, he 
awakes frequently, and has many dreams ; yet he wakes 
very early in the morning and feels better than usual. 
(During the 1st w^eek. 3d and Qth. Hering.) 

HEAT. — Sensation as if a burning vapour was emit- 
ted from the pores of the whole body. [Campos.) 

The first evening, and still more during the next 
morning, a sensation of greater warmth in the body ; 
cold bathing is more than ordinarily agreeable. (The 
1st and the following day, but less. Zd. Hering.) 

* He can bear the summer heat much better, and^feels 
less lassitude than usual. (For several weeks. 3^. 
Hering. 

General heat after litde exercise. (The 1st evening. 
3rf. Hering.) 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. &T 

495. General feeling of heat, heaviness and lameness 
of the whole body. (After 1 hour. 2d. JVeidhard.) 

PERSPIRATION.— Perspiration and sensation of 
heat on the upper part of the body towards the right, 
particularly along the right of the nape of neck towards 
the shoulder, like in warm streams. (Evening from 7 
to 8 o'clock. 2d day. 30^A. Husmann,) 

Profuse., sour^oS^ns^Yve perspiration, (Afternoon. 2d. 
Williamson.) 

For several evenings an unusually profuse and glu- 
tinous perspiration, with itching. (3d Hering.) Com- 
pare 1. 

SKIN. — Burning pains on small spots of the skin, on 
the back part of the right hand, angle of the index 
finger, and here and there on the left hand. (30th. 
Hering.) 

500. Burning more externally, in different places, but 
always on one spot; on the right thigh ; left upper arm, 
left thigh,.etc. Also on the fingers. (Evening, 9 o'clock, 
after the 4th dose. Geist.) 

A slight glow on the lower part of the right buttock, 
towards the anterior. (Evening. 30th. Hering.) 

Itching on the left shin, on the left glutei muscles and 
forehead. (Geist.) 

A group of small red pimples, on the left hip, in the 
back part of the joint, and below on a spot half as large 
as the palm of the hand; which have opened during the 
night after scratching. (4th and following days. 3d. 
Hering.) 

Itching all over in different places, but for the most 
part in the posterior parts. (For 5 weeks. 3d. Hering.) 

505. The itching is most severe and lasts longest on 
back. (3d. Hering.) 

The itching is always worse in the evening. (3d. 
Hering.) 

Itching the whole day, in different spots, particularly 
on the back. (4th day. 3d. Hering.) 

Violent pricking, itching on detached spots, mostly 
on the left side, particularly on the side of the chest to- 
wards the back, and on the thigh in the evening, about 



68 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM 



10 to 11 o'clock. (Third and following days. od. 
Hering. ) 

Itching on the left side of the nape of the neck, on 
,top and below the shoulder, and on the back, every 
evening and morning. (The 4th and following days. 3d. 
Hering.) 

510. Violent itching, and small pimples here and 
there. {6th, Hering,) 

' * The itching of the skin habitual to him in the month 
of March, disappears. {6th, Hering,) 

Violent itching on the cicatrice of an old abscess, on 
the inside of the left thigh. (Third day. 3rf. Hering,) 

Itching of all cicatrices in the evening ; they are all 
on the left side ; on the thigh, upper arm, and the most 
recent on the left hand, cut by glass ; this last itches 
most severely. (Third day. 3rf. Hering,) 

The 4th morning all his cicatrices,, dating from thirty- 
two to two years, are red around the edges, and occu- 
pied here and there wdth itching vesicles. Those of 
more ancient date, have larger vesicles ; those of late 
date are filled with very small pimples, but only on the 
tissue of the cicatrice, and not on the surrounding skin. 
Zd, Hering. ) 

515. Elevated red blotches (above the eyebrows, 
most abundant on the left side, but of longer continua- 
tion on the right) still continue, w^hilst the other symp- 
toms disappear. (Evening of 4th day. Williamson,) 

pimples on the abdomen, but principally on the thighs 
and legs, the points of which formed a crust the next 
day, after taking fl. ac, and which scaled off the I7th 
day after taking the first dose, and the 8th day after the 
4th dose. [Freitag,) 

Several small light carmine red, round, elevated, 
blood vesicles, resembling little flesh-warts ; they are very 
soft and compressible, and by a strong and steady pres- 
sure the blood disappears, but immediately returns again. 
The largest is the size of a hempseed, the smaller ones like 
millet seeds ; some are still smaller, but they are very 
perceptible as light red enlargements of the capillaries, 



ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 69 

raising up the cuticle. The largest is an inch below the 
right nipple ; and the same distance towards the right 
of it, a smaller one, one inch below the same nipple ; 
two on the right side of the median line of the abdomen 
above the navel ; a still smaller one on the right side of 
the chest ; five very small ones of light colour, on the 
inside of the right upper and lower arm. 

He noticed them for the first time about the 13th day. 
Three weeks later some of the smaller ones had disap- 
peared. The larger had become darker, somewhat 
resembling nsevi materni ; those above the navel are 
also larger. After three months they are paler. They 
made their appearance and remained without any itch- 
ing. (3d. Hermg.) 

^ Numerous varicose veins of 20 years standing on 
the left leg of an old man, are diminished one half, after 
repeated doses of fluoric acid. {12th. JYtidhard.) 



70 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

BY C. NEIDHARD, M. D. 

Oxalic Acid; Kleesaeure; Germ.— discovered by 
Scheele, in the year 1783, by the decomposition of vsugar 
with strong nitric acid, which he first considered as 
saccharine acid, but afterwards found it identical with 
oxalic acid. 

Preparation, The excess of acid in the binoxalate of 
potassa is neutraUzed by the carbonate of putassa, and 
the neutral oxalate is decomposed by the acetate of 
lead. In consequence of a double decomposition, a 
precipitate of oxalate of lead is obtained. This is to be 
well washed and dried, and decomposed by means of 
one-third of its weight of strong sulphuric acid, previ- 
ously diluted with ten times of its weight of water. An 
insoluble sulphate of lead is formed, and the oxalic 
acid being liberated, may be made to crystallize by 
evaporation. The mother waters, by fresh evaporation, 
furnish fresh portions of crystals, until quite exhausted. 
By this process a very pure acid may be obtained.^ 

"^^ Drs. Wood and Bache American Dispensatory. Appendix. 

Its purity may readily be tested by dissolving it in a suffi- 
cient quantity of water, adding carbonate of lime cautiously, 
until effervescence ceases, filtering, drying the precipitated ox- 
alate of lime, and observing that, for every hundred grains of 
oxalic acid, if pure, there should be a product of about two 
hundred and five grains of oxalate. As, however, in operating 
on a small quantity, a slight difference of weight, which might 
be produced by the presence of tartrate of lime along with the 
oxalate in the precipitate, might not be observed, the purity of 
the acid may be still more satisfactorily ascertained by digest- 
ing the supposed oxalate of lime in a solution of tartaric acid, 
and again drying it. Should any tartrate have been present, 
it will have been taken up by the acid solution, which 
will be indicated by the loss of weight in the precipitate.— Ame- 
rican Journal of Fharmacy, 



ACIDUM OXALICITM. 71 

Many substances yield oxalic acid, by the action of 
nitric acid ; e, g*., it is obtained by the decomposition 
of honey, manna and other sweet juices of herbs, most 
of the essential and fixed oils, and even the animal 
gelatin. Fifteen parts of the oil of sassafras furnish 
one-part of pure crystallized oxalic acid. 

According to L. Gmelin and Liebig it is also formed 
during the preparation of potash ; and according to 
Vauquelin and Gay-Lussac, if gelatinous or pectic acid is 
heated in a crucible with caustic potash or soda, and 
the mass is dissolved in dilute nitric acid. In the same 
manner oxalic acid may be obtained from cotton, silk, 
hair, tendons, wool, also from the coagulum of blood 
and white of eggs, w^ood shavings, sugar, starch, gum, 
sugar of milk, paper, and other organic substances; 
vegetable substances by decomposition w^ith potash. 
M. Berthollet remarks, that the quantity of oxalic acid 
furnished by vegetable matters, is proportionate to their 
nutritive quality, and particularly of that from cotton, 
he could not obtain any sensible quantity. Whether 
this is correct, remains to be seen. One of the most 
remarkable formations of it remains, that of tartaric 
acid ; even the crude tartar furnishes, heated with pot- 
ash, a great quantity of oxalic acid. Citric, malic acid, 
the acid of amber, cherries, currants, raspberries, furnish 
it. Those organic matters, as sugar and starch, which 
contain oxygen and hydrogen in the same proportion as 
water, yield it in the greatest quantity. It is generated 
occasionally in consequence of diseased action in the 
kidneys, and deposited in the bladder as an oxalate of 
lime, forming a peculiar concretion, called from its ap- 
pearance the mulberry calculus. It is also found in the 
liquor allantoidis of the cow. 

In natuie, oxalic acid is never found in the pulp of 
fruits, but often in combination with potash in the cel- 
lular tissue, (Zellstoffe) of the leaves, e, g, of Oxalis 
acetosellacorniculata, cornua, L. (woodsorrell) ; stricta 
Jacq. ; floribunda, L. ; tetraphylla, E., of Mexico, the 



72 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

leaves of which are a remedy for the scurvy.* Again, 
Rumex acetosa, L., (common sorrell5)Rumex vesicar., 
Geranium acetosum, etc., contain oxalic acid ; a similar 
taste have the leaves of the begonia, of the tree acetosa, 
Rumph. and several exotic plants. Particularly rich of 
oxalate of lime IS the Asiatic lichen Parmelia esculenta; 
also the cellular tissue of the marrow and the bark of 
Cereus peruvianus. This oxydized acid (oxydirte 
saeure) always seems to be most predominant in 
that part of the plant which is most exposed to the air, 
and which seems appropriate for the attraction of the 
oxygen from it. Oxalate of lime lies as a powder in 
the perennial roots and barks of many annual plants, 
e, g. the rhubarb; red gentian, liquorice, clove, and 
other roots. According to Braconnot, the Lichenes 
crustacei, like variolaria, (to be found on old beech trees) 
are almost half composed of oxalate of lime, whilst in 
the more frequent tuberculous lichens it does not occur 
at all.t Oxalic acid, in combination w^ith the protoxide 
of iron, constitutes the mineral denominated by Rivero 
Humboldtine, by Necker and Beudant Humboldtite. 
In ^Ljfree state it is said to be secreted from the tubelike, 
but not from the glandular hairs on the delicate husks 
and chalices of the Cicer aristenum, (chickpea.) Pereira, 
however, is doubtful of the accuracy of the statement. 

A principal means of detecting oxalic acid and the 
oxalates, is afforded by their deportment with concen- 
trated sulphuric acid ; crystallized oxalic acid, as well 
as its salts, dissolve in concentrated sulphuric acid at an 
elevated temperature, and this solution, upon continued 
application of heat, evolves, with all the phenomena 
usually attendant upon boiling a gas, which burns with 
a blue flame, and produces in lime water a precipitate 

*Gay-Lussac in Schweigger — Seidel's Jahrb. 1830, 1 heft: in 
Geiger's Magazin fiier Pharmacie, etc:, 1831, xxxv. page 28; 
and in Annaien der Pharmacie, 1832, i. 1, page 20; also Buch- 
ner and Herberger's Repertorinm, 1831, xxxvii., 2, p. 189. 

t Annal. de Chimie, Mars 1825, andTrommsdorif eue? Journ. 
der Pharm. 1825, xi., 1. 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 73 

of lime ; this gas consists of a mixture of equal volumes 
of carbonic oxide gas and carbonic acid gas. No char- 
ring of the oxalic acid nor evolution of sulphurous acid, 
occurs in this decomposition. Other organic acids, 
such as citric acid, formic acid, etc. etc., evolve like- 
wise carbonic oxide gas upon being heated with 
sulphuric acid ; but citric acid gets charred in the 
operation, and the process moreover is attended with 
evolution of sulphurous acid; whilst the carbonic oxide 
gas evolved from formic acid — which undergoes no 
charring in the operation — is pure from any admixture 
of carbonic acid gas. This method (heating with con- 
centrated sulphuric acid) affords us, therefore, a simple 
and certain means of detecting oxalic acid and dis- 
tinguishing it from all other organic acids. ^ 

Oxalic acid is a white crystallized salt, in the shape 
of slender, flattened, four or six-sided prisms, with two 
sided summits. When exposed to a very dry atmos- 
phere, it undergoes a slight efflorescence. Its crystals 
are more or less transparent and tolerably bright, with- 
out odour, of an exceedingly acrid but not disagreeably 
sour taste. Of all organic acids, ;oxalic acid has the 
greatest amount of acidity ; one part imparts to 200,000 
parts of water an acid taste. Its specific ^veight is, ac- 
cording to Guyton-Morveau 1.593, according to 
Richter 1.507. It dissolves in about nine times its 
weight of cold, and its own weight of boihng water. 
The solution takes place with a slight crepitation. It ' 
dissolves also, but not to the same extent, in alcohol. 
One hundred parts of boiling alcohol dissolve fifty-six 
parts of oxalic acid ; in a medium ^temperature, only 
forty parts. It forms with alcohol the oxalic ether. 
The acid dissolved in alcohol reddens litmus more 
readily than the other acids, and Fernambucco paper is 
rendered pale-yellow more rapidly ; turmeric paper, 
how^ever, remains unchanged. 

Composition, — Oxalic acid consists of two equiva- 

* Liebig's Lectures on Organic Chemistry in London Lancet. 

7 



74 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

lents of carbon, 12.24, and three oxygen, 24 = 36.24. 
Two equivalents of this water may be driven off by a 
regulated heat, by which the acid is made to effloresce, 
but the third cannot be expelled without destroying the 
acid itself. Accordingly, as in the case of nitric acid, 
we have no knowledge of anhydrous oxalic acid in an 
uncombined state. 

From the constitution of oxalic acid, as above 
given, it is plain that this acid corresponds in composi- 
tion to carbonic acid and oxide taken together, and is, 
therefore, intermediate in the quantity of oxygen, which 
it contains, between this acid and oxide. Notwith- 
standing it contains less oxygen than carbonic acid, it 
is incomparably stronger as an acid, which circumstance 
may be accounted for by supposing some peculiarity in 
the mode in which its constituents are combined.* 

Brugnatelli speaks highly favourable of oxalic acid 
as a test for uric acid in stones of the bladder. Accord- 
ing to Doebereiner, it forms a quickly acting test for the 
oxides of cobalt and nickel, as these are powerfully at- 
tracted by it. 

Chemical affinities, — Oxalic acid has the greatest 
affinity for lime, and lime reciprocally for oxaUc acid. 
This is the case also in double elective affinities, so 
that sulphate, nitrate, muriate and acetate of lime are 
decomposed by the oxalate of lime; and as soon as it is 
combined with these salts, oxalate of lime is precipi- 
tated. On this account oxalic acid or binoxalate of 
potash is a very useful reagent on lime in any water. 
The degree of their affinity is in the following order: 
barytes, strontian, magnesia, potash, and soda, glycine, 
alumina, forming simple oxahc salts. 

In all these salts the acid is decomposed by a heat 
exceeding the boiling point of water, so that only car- 
bonate of potash, soda, etc., is left. In the case of the 
oxalate of ammonium, the latter becomes partly vola- 
tilized as ammonium, partly in the state of carbonate 
of ammonia. 

* Wood and Bache, American Dispensatory. Appendix. 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 75 

In the degree of its affinity to the alkalies, oxalic acid 
comes immediately after sulphuric acid ; for lime and 
magnesia it has, however, a greater affinity than the 
latter. This forms the distinction between oxalic and 
tartaric acid, as the latter comes after sulphuric acid in 
its affinity for lime. With regard to barytes and alumine, 
sulphuric acid takes the precedence of oxalic acid. 
Oxalic acid has also less affinity for the alkalies than 
nitric and hydrochloric acid, but. more than they, for 
lime, barytes and magnesia ; of fluoric and boracic 
acid it generally takes the precedence. Phosphoric 
acid, on the other hand, has a greater affinity for the 
alkalies, but a lesser for the earths than oxalic acid, as 
is also the case with tartaric acid. 

Oxalic acid has the same tendency to unite itself with 
the vegetable alkali in the same proportion as the tarta- 
ric acid with the tartrate of potash. 

It will not be deemed inappropriate to give in this 
place an account of oxalium, the quadroxalate \of poU 
ash^ synon. bioxalas kalicus, kali oxalicum acidulum, 
sal acetosellae, commonly called salt of sorrel. 
P It is obtained by crystallizing one part of oxalic acid, 
with carbonate of potash, and adding to the solution 
three parts more of acid. It crystallizes in colourless 
transparent prisms of the doubly oblique prismatic sys- 
tem ; and which consist of 4 equiv. oxalic acid 144.129. 
Potash 48 and 7 equiv. water 36=^:255. If three parts 
of the salt be converted into carbonate by heat, and 
added to a soludon of one part, the neutral oxalate of 
potash is formed. (Liebig,) 

The commercial quadroxalate is not pure, for Pereira 
found that it yields, by ignition in a covered crucible, 
carbonate of potash, contaminated with carbonaceous 
matter ; whereas the pure quadroxalate yields the car- 
bonate only. It is employed for removing ink stains and 
iron moulds from linen, and for decolourizing s^traw, 
used for bonnet making. This salt was formerly used 
in medicine, as a refrigerant. In France, tablettes ou 
pastilles la^ soif, are prepared with it. It possesses 



76 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

poisonous properties similar to, but less energetic than 
oxalic acid.* 

Experiments on Animals. 

The most extensive experiments with oxalic acid were 
performed by Drs. Christison and Coindet, read in a 
memoir on the subject, before the Medico-Chirurgical 
Society of Edinburgh, Feb. 5, 1823. They chose them 
from a list of nearly forty cases, and they are described 
very nearly in the same words as those employed in the 
original reports, taken while the animal was under the 
action of the poison. Unfortunately they are only of a 
conditional value as elucidating the pure physiological 
effect of oxahc acid, as in some instances the acid was 
introduced into the stomach, by an aperture made into 
the oesophagus, and retained by a ligature. In others, 
half an inch of the pneumogastric and sympathetic 
nerves was removed. It was also injected into the 
pleura ; the peritoneum, and the intestines were tied in 
several places. They themselves acknowledge that 
some of the effects ought to be ascribed to those some- 
what forcible proceedings. For the homoeopathic ob- 
server, they are, however, particularly interesting, as tend- 
ing to show, that this poison acts neither by its corro- 
sive effect on the stomach, and secondarily on the 
nerves and brain, nor by its absorption into the blood 
alone, but, as will be elucidated by our experiments on 
the healthy, in its own way, uninfluenced by any theories 
for the purpose of establishing certain premises. 

In the following pages we have endeavoured to em- 
body into our article the most essential points of their 
labours, giving in the majority of instances a detailed 
account of the experiments, as they are to be found in 
the original treatise. 

Dr. Christison and Coindet engaged in them for the 
ostensible purpose of ascertaining the correctness of the 
views of Royston, Dr. Thompson and others, who main- 

♦ Pereira Materia Medica, Vol. I, page 309. 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 71^ 

tained that the acid and the membranes of the stomach 
mutually decompose one another ; that a part of it enters 
the circulation, because the blood in various places red- 
dens litmus ; that these phenomena, however, are insuffi- 
cient to account for death, and that its proximate cause 
is the injury done to the heart and hrain^ which are 
sympathetically affected by the injury done the sto- 
mach. 

After their numerous experiments, they arrived at the 
following conclusions : 

1. Oxalic acid, when introduced into the stomach in 
large doses, and highly concentrated, irritates it or cor- 
rodes it, by dissolving the gelatin of its coats, and death 
takes place by a sympathetic injury of the nervous 
system. 

2. When diluted, it acts neither by irritating the sto- 
mach, nor by sympathy, but through the medium of ab- 
sorption upon distant organs ; and ceteris paribus, it acts 
much more readily when diluted^ than when concentrated, 

3. Though it is absorbed, it cannot be detected in 
any of the fluids, because probably it undergoes decom- 
position in passing through the lungs, and its elements 
combine with blood. 

4. It is a direct sedative. (?) The organs it acts upon 
are the spine and the brain primarily, and the lungs and 
heart secondarily ; and the immediate cause of death is 
sometimes paralysis of the heart, someiimesslow asphyxia, 
and sometimes a combination of both. 

Experiment 1st. 

For the purpose of ascertaining the action of oxalic 
acid as a corrosive poison^ half an ounce of it in twice 
its weight of water, about 130° F., was injected into the 
stomach of a dog, by an aperture in the oesophages, 
and retained by a Ugature. In two minutes he was 
seized with violent efforts to vomit, w'hich continued 
till the 12th minute. The breathing was increased in 
fulness and frequency. In sixteen minutes and a half 
it became short, and occasionally suspended for a few 

7-^ 



78 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

seconds. At the same time he hung the head, looked 
very dull, but continued quite sensible. At last he fell 
suddenly on his side, the body was spasmodically ex- 
tended for a few seconds, then completely relaxed, and 
after a few convulsive gasps, he died twenty-one minutes 
from the beginning of the experiment. During these 
convulsive gasps no pulse could be felt in the chest, and 
on opening the body immediately after the last of them, 
the heart was found not contractile, its right cavities 
much distended with dark blood, while that in the left 
was small in quantity and very florid. 

The stomach was cut open and washed four minutes 
after death. Externally it was somew^hat vascular. It 
contained a few ounces of a thick dark-brown oily-like 
matter. The internal surface was lined with mucus not 
inspissated. The epidermis of the villous coat was re- 
moved from the w^hole of the cardiac region, and from 
the posterior surface, and in patches only from the an- 
terior ; where it still remained, it was brittle, less adhe- 
rent and of a brownish yellow colour. The posterior 
surface showed considerable vascularity, and streaks of 
black granular extravasation, confined to the corion of 
the villous coat. The internal membrane of the oeso- 
phagus below the ligature was corrugated, greyish colour- 
ed, but strong. All the other organs Avere healthy. 

This experiment was often repeated by them in simi- 
lar circumstances, and uniformly with analogous results, 
varying only in intensity. The violence of the efforts to 
vomit, has been directly proportioned to the quantity of 
the poison ; when very violent, they cease sooner, when 
less frequent or violent, they sometimes lasted above 
two hours. 

In investigating the action of corrosive poisons, it is a 
point of essential importance to ascertain, how much of 
their apparent effect is owing to chemical process, and 
how much is to be attributed to vital reaction. For this 
end, it is necessary in the first place to examine the 
bodies of animals immediately after death ; and secondly^ 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 79 

to discover what effect the poison has on dead animal 
matter. 

Effect on dead Animal Matter. 

A portion of the healthy stomach of a dog was held 
tw^o minutes in a satm^ated solution, at 130° F., (such 
as they injected into the stomach.) The epidermis had 
been separated in a single flake, thickened and brittle, 
of a grayish colour, and upon the whole similar to w^hat 
they have seen in the living stomach. The corion was 
translucent, its surface very pulpy, and the serous mem- 
brane was gray and crisped. When the immersion was 
prolonged five minutes, the whole corion became gela- 
tinous. 

They have likewise tried the effect of a saturated so- 
lution, at 50° F. In twenty hours, the villous coat was 
of a pale greenish- white colour and less adherent, but it 
was strong and its porous structure quite entire. In two 
days and a half it was britde, and easily scraped off", and 
the other tunics were softened, swollen and translucent. 
In twelve days, the whole membranes could be spread 
out with the fingers, and in thirty days, they were dis- 
solved to a semi-diffluent mass, soluble (with the ex- 
ception of a small quantity of flocculent matter) in tepid 
water, yielding flocculi at the temperature of 130° F,, 
and precipitating w^ith tannin after ebullition. The same 
experiment was repeated in the human stomach ; which 
appears to have a somewhat greater power of resisting 
the action of the acid. 

This action is a peculiar one, at least the mineral 
acids act in a very different manner. Nitric acid, di- 
luted with twelve parts of water, soon renders the whole 
tunics brittle, dense, and of a lemon-yellow colour, with- 
out dissolving them ; sulphuric acid similarly diluted 
gives them a pale cineritious tint, corrugates them at first, 
and then softens them shghtly ; and no farther change is 
produced by either in fourteen days. 

In order to discover on which of the animal principles 
the dissolving power of oxalic acid depends, experi- 



80 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

ments were made with albumen, gelatin and fibrin, as 
these three products enter into the composition of the 
membranes of the stomach. Albumen forms the chief 
part of the mucous epidermis, and probably of the 
serous coat ; gelatin forms the whole of the mucous 
corion and a considerable portion of the cellular tissue ; 
and fibrin constitutes the greater part of the muscular 
tunic. 

From these experiments it appears, that oxalic acid, 
when concentrated, coagulates albumen, but has no eflfect 
upon it in other circumstances. It gives to pure fibrin a 
degree of elasticity and translucency greater than it na- 
turally possesses, but without dissolving it, and it 
bleaches common muscle, and preserves it from putre- - 
faction, without sensibly altering its condition ; but on 
the contrary, it dissolves gelatin, and even very rapidly. 

When 25 grains of isinglass were placed in half an 
ounce of a temperate solution, containing 30 grains of 
the acid, it began to soften and swell in two or three 
minutes, and in twelve or sixteen hours was reduced to a 
uniform jelly-like mass. Pure water, at the same tempe- 
rature, produced in thirty hours no other effect than 
slight softening and flexibility, but no solution, nor even 
viscosity of the surface. 

This action is one of pure solution, in which neither 
body loses its characteristic proprieties; for though the 
proportion of gelatin be made exceedingly minute, the 
mixture has a tendency to gelatinize and preci|)itates 
with tannin; while on the other hand, how small soever 
be the proportion of acid, the mixture always reddens 
litmus. 

Experiment 2d, 

The first experiment with the concentrated acid was 
repeated upon another dog, under circumstances pre- 
cisely the same, except that, half an hour before the poi- 
son was injected, they removed an inch of the conjoined 
parvagum and ^y^/y^a^/^e^ic on each side of the neck. The 
former animal we have seen, began to make violent ef- 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 81 

forts to vomit in two minutes, and died in twenty-one 
minutes. This dog, on the contrary, never had the 
slightest tendency to vomit. He soon became very rest- 
less, however, and in forty minutes, he w^as affected 
with irregularity in the fulness and quickness of breath- 
ing, slight tremor in the thoracic muscles, felt only by 
the hand, and peculiar dulness of sensation. In two 
hours and a half he began to stagger a little, but re- 
mained quite sensible : and three hours afterwards, was 
found in the agonies of death. This experiment w^as re- 
peated several times and always gave analogous results. 
It appears, therefore, that the division of the nerves 
connecting the stomach with the brain impedes very 
much the action of the concentrated acid. Death was 
caused in this case by absorption. 

Experiments dd and Ath. 

Having thus ascertained its action, when highly con- 
centrated, our next object w^as to discover w^hether, 
like the irritant poisons in general, its deleterious pro- 
perties are impaired or destroyed by dilution. 

With this view w-e gave to a dog, betwixt eight and 
ten pounds in weight, thirty-three grains of the concrete 
acid dissolved in six ounces, or eighty-seven parts of 
tepid water. In two minutes he made violent efforts to 
vomit ; in eight and a half, he was seized with certain 
remarkable symptoms, (to be noticed afterw^ards,) very 
different from those detailed in the former experiments, 
and w^hich we have universally found oxalic acid to 
produce, w^hen much diluted. In half an hour from the 
beginning of the experiment he expired. 

To place the distinction in a clearer point of view, 
the same quantity dissolved in two parts of tepid water, 
was therefore given to a dog of the same weight, and 
about the same age. In seven minutes he strove to 
vomit, and continued to do so at distant intervals, for 
an hour and a quarter. At that time the peculiar symp- 
toms of this kind of poisoning began, and he died at the 
end of the sixth hour. It hence appears that a small 



82 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

quantity of the acid Idlls an animal ten or tivelve times 
sooner than when highly concentrated. 

Experiment bth and 6th. 

Into the stomach of two strong rabbits, of the same 
size and age, Ave injected a drachm of the acid, dis- 
solved in eleven parts of lukewarm water. In one, the 
conjoined parvagum^and sympathetic nerve were divided 
on each side of the neck ; in the other they were left 
untouched. The latter in 8^ minutes began to breathe 
hurriedly, and to pull his head backwards on the spine. 
At the end of 10 minutes it was seized with paroxysms 
of most violent opisthotonos, and death took place 13 
minutes after the commencement of the injection. In 
the former, whose nerves were previously divided, the 
breathing became hurried, and the head was thrown 
back 10 minutes after the injection began. In no long 
time it was attacked with violent opisthotonos, and in 
14 minutes death was complete. 

The three next experiments show its comparative effects 
when introduced by the stomachy by the pleura^ and by the 
cellular tissue. 

Experiment 7th. 

Thirty-three grains dissolved in six drachms of water 
w^ere injected into the stomach of a dog, weighing 18 
to 20 pounds. 

12m. Efforts to vomit, at distant intervals, and not 
very violent. 

32?7t. Efforts rare ; he hangs the head ; the respira- 
tion is smooth, deep, regular, and not quickened. 

47m. The efforts to vomit have ceased ; the breath- 
ing continues the same ; he walks sluggishly, and looks 
dull, but is perfectly sensible. 

lA. 26m. He is affected with a peculiar kind of som- 
nolency. He sits with his head drooping much, appa- 
rently unconscious of anything that goes on around him; 
yet he yelps when laid hold of, and is, in every respect, 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 83 

perfectly sensible. He breathes very smoothly and 

deeply. The pulsations of the heart are rather frequent 

and feeble. He staggers when forced to walk. 

~ 2/i. 4:0m. Does not stagger so much. No other 

change. 

4k, He is more feeble, but does not stagger, and is 
perfectly sensible. 

24A. Some dulness, but he is quite sensible ; and, 
except weakness, has no decided affection. 

48A. Is both sensible and active, runs briskly about, 
and chews morsels of bread. 

3 days. He was found lying on his side, nearly in- 
sensible, and breathing short and slow. When shaken, 
and put upon his legs, he tries to walk, but staggers 
and leans on the wall. The hind legs are very 
feeble. 

3 days. 8m. Found dead. The body was examined 40 
hours afterwards. The stomach was perfecdy natural. 
There was no vascularity externally; and the internal 
membrane was quite entire, strong and white. The 
wound in the neck had sloughed and suppurated. 

Experiment 8th. 

The same quantity, similarly dissolved, was injected 
into the left pleura of a dog of about the same size. He 
struggled violently, and when let loose, ran to the other 
end of the room, apparently sensible, though dull. 

10m. The breathing suddenly became hurried and 
very deep, both in inspiration and expiration. He 
hung his head, and though sensible, would not stir 
when struck. In a short while his tail was reversed, 
the respiration became very difficult, and almost sus- 
pended, and sank gradually down upon the belly; the 
breathing then became easier for a few seconds. 

11m. Another paroxysm of suspended respiration, 
during which the tail was still more distinctly reversed, 
and the whole body spasmodically extended. Then, 
at 

12m. the spasm relaxed, the whole body became 



84 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

flaccid, and two or three convulsive gavSps ensued at 
remote intervals. 

The body was examined two days after death. The 
pleura was quite natural on both sides. Some blood, 
extravasated around the incision, was completely 
charred. There was a quantity of dirty, brownish-red 
semi-fluid matter in both sacs, rather sweet to the taste, 
and reddening litmus. The lungs were here and there 
scarlet on their surface, and gorged posteriorly. The 
villous coat of the stomach had a brownish-yellow tint 
at its oesophageal end, and there was lined with bile, 
but at the pyloric end was rosy-red and without bile. 
The whole intestines were natural internally and exter- 
nally. The moisture of the peritoneum did not redden 
litmus. 

Experiment 9th. 

One hundred and sixty grains, dissolved in^ four 
ounces of water, were injected into the cellular tissue of 
a dog, weighing about thirty pounds, by a wound at the 
flexure of each thigh. The syringe was thrust three 
inches under the integuments; and when the injection 
was completed the wounds were carefully stitched, so 
that not a drop could escape. The fluid was felt form- 
ing different tumours on the lower part of the abdomen, 
and on the inside of each thigh. 

13m. From the commencement of the injection he 
had some weakness and stifTness of the hind legs, and 
began to look dull. 

46m„ The hind legs are scarcely sensible when 
pricked, but the sensation of the rest of the body is 
unimpaired ; the breathing is deep ; he lies on his 
side. , 

50m. He rose with peculiar stiffness, and laid down 
again upon the belly, with the hind legs stretched out 
on one side, and the fore legs on the other ; the hind 
legs are always stiff, and sometimes convulsively ex- 
tended. 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 85. 

Ih. Ibin. The breathing became suddenly hurried. 
Soon afterwards there was some stiffness of the chest 
and neck. When raised, he stands stiffly in the same 
posture for a few seconds, and then sinks gently down 
upon the belly. He whines at intervals. 

Ih. bom. He is much duller, but in other respects 
seemed to be improving till now, when the breathing 
again became suddenly hurried. The heart beats with 
great rapidity, and with such violence as to be heard at 
a short distance, all the limbs are rigid, and the neck 
slightly so. Though very dull, he continues quite sen- 
sible, for he shuts his eyelids if the hand is waved be- 
fore him, and he follows a basin of water carried up 
and down, 

2h. 12771. The breathing is still exceedingly hurried, ^ 
but at times suspended for a few seconds ; the heart 
stiil beats with extraordinary force ; his dulness increases; 
he continues to walk about a little, but very stiffly ; the 
tail has been gradually becoming stiff and straight. 

2k. 20m. The suspension of breathing is more de- 
cided, now evidently depending upon spasms of the 
thoracic muscles, and is accompanied with reversion of 
the tail. These paroxysms cause him great agony, and 
they became gradually longer and more violent. Even 
m the intervals, the breathing is difficult and expiration 
-convulsive. 

2h. 4:5m. The pulsations of the heart are much more 
feeble, but still very frequent. The paroxysms of sus- 
pended respiration abate in violence, but the intervals 
are shorter. 

2h. 55m. The paroxysms have ceased. The whole 
body is relaxed and in a state of complete coma ; 
breathing short, frequent, and somewhat convulsive. 

3h. 30m. No change, except that the breathing is 
slower and shorter. 

4/i. Breathing very short and only 14 in a minute ; 
the pulsations of the heart cannot be felt. 

14A. Found dead, cold and rigid. 

The body was examined about 36 hours afterwards. 

8 



86 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

The muscles of the belly as high as the umbilicuS; and 
the superficial muscles on the inside of each thigh, were 
pale, greenish and acid ; but no fluid could be detected 
around them. The hmgs were every where scarlet on 
their anterior surface, bluish-black posteriorly, scarlet 
internally ; yet their air cells natural. The blood of 
the vena cava and aorta was dark, and very imperfectly 
coagulated ; there was nothing unusual on the inside of 
the vessels. (In another case of the same kind the 
blood in the heart and the exhalations of all the serous 
surfaces, and the frothy fluid of the bronchi did not red- 
den litmus.) The villous coat of the stomach was lined 
with bile, and stained brownish yellow. The rectum 
was redder than usual, not^.vascular, and the rest of the 
intestines perfectly healthy. 

The next experiment shows the action of the poison 
when introduced at once into the veins. 

Experiment 10th. 

Eight grains and a half of acid w^ere dissolved in 15 
drachms of water at 100°, and 3 drachms slowly injected 
every five minutes, into the right femoral vein of a dog 
weighing about 20 pounds, — the inferior division of the 
vessel having been previously tied. 

After the two first injections, the animal trembled, 
and the breathing became somewhat fuller; after the 
third, the breathing was shghtly convulsive, but soon 
became again natural ; thirty seconds after the fifth, he 
made a few sudden deep inspirations for half a minute, 
then some unavailing efforts to inspire, and died with- 
out a struggle. The heart did not pulsate after the last 
inspiration. (During a repetition of this experiment, 
the pulsations of the heart were observed to become 
suddenly very feeble, after each injection.) The body 
was then opened immediately. The right cavities of 
the heart w^ere distended and not contractile. The 
blood in those cavities was dark, and had begun to 
coagulate ; that in the left side was florid, fluid, and 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 87 

soon coagulated in the usual way. The blood in both 
these cavities did not redden litmus ; and the serum, 
which had separated next day from that in the right 
side, gave no precipitate with hydrochlorate of lime. 
[Neither did that of the vena cava in another dog killed 
in the same manner.] The muscles preserved their 
contractility. 

The two next experiments show the action of the poi- 
son introduced into the intestines^ and the effect of ap- 
plying it to a part, of which all connection with the body 
has been destroyed, except by blood-vessels. 

Experiment 11th, 

In a puppy of about eight or ten pounds weight, an 
ounce of water, containing 45 grains of acid, and at the 
temperature of 100°, was injected into a loop of small in- 
testine two feet long ; a single ligature was applied 
strongly at one end, and a double one at that by which 
the syringe was introduced. 

19m. An attack of vomiting, preceded for some 
minutes by deep breathing, which afterwards became 
easier. 

40m. Breathing small and frequent, — occasionally 
fuller, and somewhat convulsive ; dulness. 

Ih, iSm, Breathing occasionally interrupted by a 
slight sudden expiration, like a short cough. Hind 
legs stiff. He hangs the head, and remains in the same 
posture. 

Ih, 45m. The breathing is quicker. The catches in 
expiration now occur together in paroxysms, and cause 
agony. Hind legs very rigid. Two slight extensions 
of the head and tail ; posture very peculiar. 

Ih, 55m. There are now distinct spasmodic 
paroxysms. First, the breathing becomes convulsive, 
and deeper and deeper ; at last, the chest is so firmly 
fixed, that with great effort he expands and contracts 
it only to a very small extent. Then the spasms relax, 
with gurgling cries and slight barking, and he soon 



88 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

breathes freely, but hurriedly. The legs are quite in- 
sensible. 

2A. At the height of the paroxysm the breathing is 
wholly suspended. 

2h. 35/71. The paroxysms have become milder, he 
cannot stand when raised. 

3A. Paroxysms less distinct, but longer, and accom- 
panied with slight reversion of head and tail. Breath- 
ing in the intervals short ; the eyes alone are sensible. 

34 A. He is now in a state of almost pure coma, with- 
out spasmodic paroxysms. 

6A. Breathing slower and uniform, and expiration 
accompanied with a bark. Slight opisthotonos pro- 
duced by touching his back smartly ; but he has no 
other sign of sensation. 

9A. Earkingvery feeble, no other change. 

16A. Found dead and rigid. 

The body was examined eight hours afterwards. The 
blood w^as equally dark in both systems. The intes- 
tines were perfectly natural, internally as well as ex- 
ternally. The ligatures were firm ; most of the injected 
fluid gone. The fluid of the thoracic duct does not 
redden litmus. 

Experiment 12th. 

The last experiment was repeated on a puppy of the 
same size. But before the acid was injected, a double 
ligature was tied at each end of the portion of intes- 
tine, the gut divided betwixt them, and all its connec- 
tions, by means of the mesentery, were then dissected 
away with great care, except four arteries and veins ; 
the knife being carried round close to each vessel. 

10m. Some stiffness of the hind legs. Begins to 
hang the head and look dull. 

26/71. An attack of vomiting, preceded, as in the last 
case, by deep respiration. 

33/71. The head and tail were twice extended slight- 
ly ; breathing at times convulsive in expiration. Much 
duller. , 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. OP 

Ih. Im. He is affected with a peculiar kind of dul- 
ness of sensation, or somnolency ; will not rise, yet 
when raised, can both walk and stand. Expiration still 
convulsive. 

lA. 30/71. He is affected with paroxysms of sus- 
pended respiration, precisely as the other was in Ih. 
5om, 

2h. 5m. The paroxysms are now very distinctly 
marked, and are accompanied with more general tetanus 
than in the last animal. The insensibility has already 
become almost complete. 

2h, 4:0m, The paroxysms of spasm have gradually 
and almost entirely subsided, and he now lies in a state 
of pure coma. 

oh. 16m. He was found dead, warm and stiff. The 
body was opened seventeen hours afterwards. The 
ligatures were firm, and most of the injected fluid was 
gone. The mucous coat of the insulated portion of 
the intestine was somewhat softened, but not disco- 
loured. There was no vascularity in any part of the 
intestines. The blood was black in both systems of 
vessels. The lungs were of a scarlet colour on many 
parts of their anterior surface. 

Experiment Vith, 

This experiment shows the action of the poison, 
when introduced into the sac of the peritoneum. 

Twenty-two grains dissolved in four ounces of water 
were injected into the peritoneal sac of a strong cat, 
through an incision of the upper and lateral part of the 
abdomen; and the aperture was immediately secured 
with great care by stitches. Little pain seemed to 
follow the injection. The animal in a short while, 
however, began to be very restless and uneasy, and 
tried to vomit. 

IQm- It looked very dull, and twice jerked its head 
backwards. 

11m. The heart beats feebly. It stretched out the 

8* 



90 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

paws, and yawned ; the tail became stiff; and the eyes 
nearly insensible. 

12m. He now had general stiffness of the whole 
trunk and extremities, and made fruitless efforts to in- 
spire. 

13m. These were suddenly succeeded by relaxation 
of the whole body^ and then by a few convulsive gasps 
and tw^itches of the lumbar muscles. 

14m. The heart continued to tremble. 

The body was examined 24 hours after death. The 
sac of the peritoneum contained scarcely a drachm of 
fluid, w^hich reddened litmus. [In the case of another 
dog, twelve pounds in weight, that survived above nine 
hours, when 17 grains were injected into the perito- 
neum, we found nearly as much fluid as was introduced ; 
but by analysis it was found to contain no acid, and ta 
be, in fact, pure limpid serum; the peritoneum was also 
very vascular.] The peritoneum had a faint greyish- 
brown colour. The blood of the meseraic veins does 
not affect litmus. The stomach and intestines are 
natural internally. There are some irregular scarlet 
patches on the surface of the lungs. 

From the foregoing experiments MM. Christison and 
Coindet infer, that oxalic acid acts by means of absorp- 
tion. Bj the agency of the lungs the poison is decom- 
posed, and its elements form with the principles of the 
blood, peculiar compounds to which the symptoms of 
poisoning are to be referred. And whatsoever, they add,, 
may be the import of these speculations, they furnish 
ground enough for toxicologists to enter on a field of 
inquiry w^holly new, yet probably rich in interesting re- 
sults, viz.: what share have the lungs in the decomposi- 
tion of poisons, that have been absorbed and mingled 
with the blood ? 

Pommer^' has published an account of the following 
experiments : 

Five grains of oxalic acid dissolved in water, were 

♦=Salzburger Medic. Chirurg. Zeitung. 1828, vol. ii. p. 203. 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 91 

/ 

injected into the jugular vein of a spaniel. Eight 
seconds afterwards he breathed deeply, urinated, 
stretched his legs, and died. The heart's motion con- 
tinued yet for 12 minutes, feeble and trembling ; the 
blood did not act on litmus, and showed no vestige of 
oxalic acid ; the lungs w^ere healthy. 

In a space of four minutes, at four separate times, 
15 grains of oxalic acid were injected into the jugular 
vein of a dog. During the first injection the animal 
moaned ; at the fourth it had spasms, stretched its 
legs, breathed twice profoundly, and was dead in half a 
minute. The motion of the heart was quickly extin- 
guished; the blood was healthy, and showed no sign of 
acidity, nor of oxalic acid. 

One grain of oxalic acid in 20 drops of water was in- 
jected into the jugular vein of a rabbit; it immediately 
stretched its feet, moved the forelegs convulsively, drew 
a deep breath, and died in half a minute. The heart was 
devoid of contractility. 

Only when large quantities of oxalic acid were inject- 
ed, did the blood redden litmus in the nearest vessels. 

Fifteen grains of oxalic acid were injected into the 
abdominal cavity of a Pommeranian dog. During the 
process of injection he became slightly convulsed, and 
stretched out his forelegs. After four minutes he 
choked and then vomited, and in 10 minutes his gait 
became unsteady ; he laid down ; in 14 minutes he bent 
back the head, and became prostrate without showing 
any signs of sensibility or power of motion; the pulsa- 
tion of the heart could not be observed ; his breathing 
was short and deep, the mouth open, the pupils dilated ; 
after 18 minutes he expired. The contractility of the 
intestines w^as gone; the blood of the lower vena cava, 
as well as that of the aorta was natural, not acid ; the 
lungs sound. The right heart was yet contractile for 9 
minutes. The epiploon was externally brownish, the 
surface of the intestines greyish, reddening litmus; most 
of the mesenteric veins contained brownish blood, which 
pnoved acid on testing. 



92 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

Rave and Klosterman^^ instituted among others the 
following experiments. 

The oesophagus of a dutch mastiff, weighing ten 
pounds was opened, and a solution of 25 grains of oxalic 
acid in an ounce of distilled water, heated to 35° R., in- 
jected into the stomach by means of an elastic tube, and 
afterwards a ligature applied. In three minutes the 
animal began to howl, laid on his abdomen, and creeped 
over the room. In nineteen minutes he retched and 
made strong efforts to vomit, which only ceased a quar- 
ter of an hour before his death. The breathing became 
quick and troubled, the beatings of the heart very rapid. 
In half an hour the hind feet sank down paralysed, re- 
taining, however, their sensibility; the head then fell 
down to the ground, moving from one side to the other. 
In three-quarters of an hour the dog became prostrate, 
and in two minutes more he died without convulsions, 
after having urinated considerably. He w^as imme- 
diately opened. The wound was'of a dirty black colour, 
as if touched by lunar caustic. The interior of the chest 
unchanged ; the heart was not contractile ; the oesopha- 
gus inviolate, and on the exterior surface of the stomach 
and intestines no change ; the contents of the first con- 
sisted partly of a brownish black fluid, in which swam 
flakes of the same colour, and which tasted sourish bit- 
ter, was inodorous, and did not change the colour of 
turmeric, partly of a brownish grey foam. 

A 35° R. warm- solution of twelve grains oxalic acid 
and six drachms of distilled water were injected through 
the anus into the intestines of a bitch, weighing over 
seven pounds, and the anus tied by a ligature. After 
the lapse often minutes a strong inclination for evacuation 
ensued, which, within twenty minutes increased to such 
a degree, that the animal effected a forcible passage 
through the ligature, and discharged some blackish fluid 
in small quantities. In half an hour a general tremor of 

* Harless Jahrbuecher der deutschen; Medic, u. Chir. 2d. 
Supplt. Vol. 1827, p. 177. 



ACIDUM OXALICUM, 93 

the whole body took place, coming on by paroxysms. 
After that she vomited; the ejected matter consisted of 
half digested food. At the eighth hour the ligature was 
severed. During the night she discharged per anum a 
blackish very offensive faeces, mixed with streaks of 
blood. In it was discovered a worm one foot long, (taenia 
canina, Pallas.) The food, which was placed before her 
she did not touch, but drank freely and eagerly of cold 
water. Twenty-two hours from the commencement of 
the experiment she became very weak; put on her legs, 
she fell down again immediately. Some hours afterwards 
she fell into an asphytic sleep, in which she expired. 

To a dog weighing eleven pounds, a small opening 
was made on the linea alba, near the navel, into which 
was injected a solution, 35° R., of sixteen grains of 
oxalic acid, mixed with four drachms of distilled water. 
The opening w^as closed by a ligature. Immediately 
after the injection the dog became very restless, jumped 
about and whined. In thirty-five minutes after passing 
his water and faeces, he vomited ; the ejected matter was 
slimy, of a greenish colour, covered with a whitish foam. 
Soon after there appeared a tremor of the whole body, 
and the breathing became more rapid, and difficult. In 
six hours from the commencement of the experiment, he 
fell prostrate, stretched out his legs, and his eyes be- 
came fixed. Calls and pinching ceased to make any 
impression. He lay there for three-quarters of an hour, 
breathing slowly. The pulsation of the heart was also 
less. Shortly after he became convulsed and died. 

Three grains of oxalic acid, mixed with three drachms 
of distilled water were injected into the same region 
near the navel of a rabbit, aged three months. During 
the first three minutes the animal moved about as usual, 
but soon after, it stretched itself down, and moved for- 
ward on the abdomen, making use only of the fore legs, 
for the hind legs seemed to be completely paralysed. 
Together with these symptoms, the breathing and beat- 
ing of the heart became quicker. In nine minutes there 



94 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

appeared convulsions of all kinds, whilst the abdomen 
was inflated and very hard to the touch, the eyes be- 
came fixed, breathing slower. In this manner it re- 
mained for three minutes longer, after which it died in 
convulsions. 



PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. 

1. Li Animals, — When an animal is examined im- 
mediately after death, no appearance of note is found in 
the brain, peritoneal sac or intestine. Unless death 
has been very rapid, the lungs are almost always stud- 
ded on their surface with bright scarlet spots, and some- 
times we have seen even the whole parenchyma of a 
uniform and beautiful scarlet colour. At the same time 
there never was any effusion, either in the air cells, or 
into their cellular tissue. In cases of poisoning that 
prove fatal before the stage of insensibility comes on, 
the heart, two or three minutes after death, is found 
neither contracting nor contractile ; its pulmonary cavi- 
ties are distended, and the blood is dark in those cavi- 
ties and florid in the aorta. This fact is conformable 
with what we have observed in the same animals, first, 
at the time of death, viz ; the contractions of the heart 
are almost imperceptible, even before the breathing 
ceases, and never continue after it. In the slowest 
cases, in which coma prevails for some time before death, 
the heart, though very feeble in its contractions towards 
the close, beats a little after the breathing has ceased, 
and then the blood is found equally dark in both vascu- 
lar systems. 

There is likewise an intermediate variety of poison- 
ing wherein the stage of insensibility is short, and the 
heart scarcely survives the stoppage of respiration ; and 
in such cases, the blood in the aortal cavities is darker 
than natural, but still considerably more florid than that 
of the veins and pulmonary cavities. [Christison and 
Coindet,) 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 95 

Rave and Klosterman^ after washing off the internal 
coat of the stomach, saw many dark brown spots, ex- 
tending from the cardiac orifice, where they were most 
numerous, along the great curvature to w^ithin half an 
inch of the pyloric orifice. The spots formed longitudi- 
nal streaks, which always occupied the back part of the 
folds of the internal tunica. The interstices between 
these folds were either unchanged, or only coloured 
light yellow% The corroded cuticle was easily detach- 
ed. The spots'themselves, carefully scraped off, showed 
many small blood vessels. One and a half inch round 
the pyloric orifice, the internal cuticle was coloured 
yellow ; the nearer the pylorus, the more the colouring 
decreased. In the duodenum and other intestines no 
changes were visible. 

The bladder was distended with urine, and the kid- 
neys, on making an incision, discharged large quantities 
of urine. In other cases the internal coat of the small 
intestines was reddened. In other respects the appear- 
ances were the same as those observed by Drs. Christi* 
son and Coindet, 

2. In Man. — The examinations of dead bodies are 
both very deficient, and exceedingly discordant. The 
authors, generally, were neither sufficiently precise in their 
phraseology, nor minute in their descriptions. A red* 
dish froth sometimes issues from the mouth and nose. 
In one case there w^as a good deal of general emphy- 
sema, ten hours after death. 

The brain has been rare'y examined. In one case 
ihe cerebral organs were turgid ; in another case there 
w'as some effusion under the arachnoid, appearances 
probably independent of disease. 

In the three best described cases, the appearance of 
throat and stomach, etc., was the following. 

1st. The mucous coat of the throat and gullet looked 
as if it had been scalded, and that of the gullet could be 
easily scraped off. The stomach contained a pint of 
thick fluid. This is usually dark, Uke coffee grounds, 
as it contains a good deal of blood. The inner coat of 



96 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

the stomach was pulpy, in many parls black, in others 
red. The inner membrane of the intestines was simi- 
larly, but less violently affected. The outer coat of 
both stomach and intestines was inflamed. The lining 
membrane of (he windpipe was also very red. (Hebb.) 

2d. The inside of the gullet was pale, as if boiled, 
strongly corrugated, and brittle, and covering a ramifi- 
cation of vessels filled with consolidated blood. The 
stomach presented externally numerous vessels in the 
same state, and its villous coat was pale, soft, and 
brittle, but here and there injected with vessels. The 
duodenum, and part of the jejunum, were red ; the other 
intestines natural ; the liver, spleen and kidneys con- 
gested. The stomach contained a brownish jelly, in 
which gelatine was detected, as well as oxalic acid. 
The blood was fluid every where, except in the vessels 
of the gullet and stomach. 

3d. The whole villous coat of the stomach was either 
softened or removed, as well as the inner membrane of 
the gullet, so that the muscular coat was exposed ; and 
this coat presented a dark gangrenous-like appearance, 
being much thickened and highly injected. 

These are the most common signs of its action, but 
cases have occurred where no such signs of violent 
irritation have been observed. In the case of a girl, 
who died about thirty minutes after swallowing an ounce 
of the acid, no morbid appearance whatsoever was to 
be seen, in any part of the alimentary canal. In the 
case of another girl, where death took place in twenty 
minutes, there was no appearance but contraction of the 
rugae of the gullet and stomach, one spot of extravasa- 
tion on the latter, and doubtful softening of the villous 
coat.* 

Dr. John Mollan, in the case of poisoning related by 
him in the Dubhn Hospital Reports says, " one circum- 
stance deserves notice from its infrequency, namely, the 
discovery of air in the right cavities of the heart. I am 
not aware that any thing similar has been observed in 

* Christi?on on Poisons. 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. OT 

cases of sudden death, produced by any deleterious sub- 
stance, and I am at a loss to account for its production/^ 

In one case communicated in October, 1844, by Dr. 
H. Letheby, in the London Lancet, the tissue of the 
stomach was so softened and disorganized, that it could 
scarcely be handled without tearing. At the cardiac 
end it was reduced to a soft, pulpy, gelatinous substance, 
and had numerous perforations in consequence. The 
contents which had been saved in a glass amounted to 
about six ounces in quantity ; they had a very dark 
colour resembling porter. On being tested they were 
found to contain about three drachms of oxalic acid. 

Antidotes J — (when taken in large doses.) As the 
vomiting in such cases is speedy and continual; eme- 
tics are unnecessary and will often fail of their effect ; 
besides durino; the time lost before their operation, the 
acid would in general have acted long enough to prove 
fatal. Vomiting may be promoted by tickling the 
throat. Mr. Thompson found, that large quantities 
of chalk, given after the dangerous symptoms had 
begun, speedily removed them, and restored the ani- 
mals to health.^ The results of his experiments have 
been applied to poisoning in man, and in one of the 
cases of recovery the antidote was used with advantage. 
Its effect is evidendy owing to the insolubility of the ox- 
alate of lime. Magnesia has also been advantageously 
given. The reporter observes that the first dose was 
followed by instantaneous relief from the burning pain 
in the stomach. According to Dr. Christison it is the 
best of all chemical antidotes, and preferable to carbo- 
nate of lime, which occasions considerable inconveni- 
ence on account of the sudden extrication of a large 
quantity of carbonic acid gas. Yet chalk will be oftener 
employed, since it is more frequently at hand, and 
there is no room for delay in the selection of remedies. 

In the two cases of recovery recorded, small doses 
of opium were administered after the use of chalk and 

*Med. Rep. Vol. iii., Thomson's Experiments. 
9 



98 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

magnesia, and the vomiting soon became less violent. 
One of them took brandy with advantage, and the other 
experienced much relief from friction and hot fomenta- 
tations. Drs. Christison and Coindet also recommend 
ammonia and ether, as worthy of trial. The stomach 
pump may be used, but on account of the rapidity with 
which this poison acts, it is not advisable to lose time 
by its application, until after the antidote has been ad- 
ministered. 

LEGAL MEDICINE. 

The cases hitherto published have been the result of 
accident, and happened chiefly in London from the 
carelessness of apothecaries. Several cases have, 
however, also occurred in Germany. 

Oxalic acid has been hitherto given through accident 
only. There is reason to fear, that, when its properties 
are more generally known, it may also be given by 
design. Much inducement is already held out to the 
poisoner by the readiness with which it may be admin- 
istered ; and it wall be no small additional temptation, 
that, in certain circumstances, there will be as much 
difficulty in detecting it. 

The medical evidence wdll be derived, as in the case 
of other poisons, — first, from the symptoms ; second, 
from the morbid appearances ; and, third, from the 
chemical analysis of the contents of the stomach and in- 
testines, of the coats of the stomach, of the vomited 
matters, and of suspected articles of food. 

1. The symptoms can rarely lead to more than a 
suspicion of general poisoning. Yet, burning pain of 
the stomach after taking a medicine, speedy, violent 
and incessant vomiting, followed by loss of the pulse, 
convulsions, insensibility, and death within an hour, 
are symptoms of no natural disease, and are caused 
conjunctly by no poison, except oxalic acid. 

2. A general or partial abrasion of the mucous epi- 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 99 

dermis, gelatinization and translucency of the corion^ 
or even of the other coat, and charring of the blood in 
their vessels, might be decisive of the cause of death. 
But as in these cases the acid will always be found, it 
should be sought for. 

All the other morbid appearances are unsatisfac- 
tory. 

3. Analysis of the suspected matters. — The stomach 
is to be washed with pure water, and if disorganized, 
preserved for analysis. The w^ashings, the contents of 
the stomach, the vomited matter, and the disorganized 
tissues and suspected articles of food are to be boiled 
separately, a little pure w^ ater being added if necessary. 
If chalk or magnesia has been used as an antidote, 
what remains on the filter, (except that from the tissues,) 
is to be preserved for analysis. The filtered fluid is to 
be tried first with litmus paper, and then by the three 
following tests — the hydrochlorate of lime, the sulphate 
of copper, and the nitrate of silver. 

1st. Decolourize the fluid, if necessary, with chlorine. 
The hydrochlorate of lime, dropped into a solution con- 
taining oxalic acid, or an oxalate, especially the latter, 
throws down an insoluble oxalate of lime. But it also 
precipitates with the carbonates, sulphates, phosphates, 
tartrates, citrates, and with all their acids, but the car- 
bonic. The following mode of procedure will, serve to 
distinguish it from these substances. The nitric acid 
will not take up the sulphate of lime, but a few drops 
of it dissolve the oxalate. The hydrochloric acid will 
not dissolve the oxalate, unless added in very large 
quantity, while two or three drops will take up the car- 
bonate, phosphate, tartrate or citrate. 

2d. Decolourize a second portion of the fluid with 
chlorine. The sulphate of copper precipitates oxaUc 
acid bluish-white, and the oxalates pale blue. This 
test is suflSciently delicate and useful, since the sulphate 
of copper does not affect fluids that contain sulphuric, 
hydrochloric, nitric, tartaric, citric acids, or their ordi- 
nary salts. It precipitates the carbonates, and throws 



100 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

down phosphoric acid, whether free or combined. The 
oxalate, however, is easily distinguished ; for it is in- 
soluble in hydrochloric acid, while a few drops of that 
acid at once take up the phosphate or carbonate. 

3d. The nitrate of silver produces a heavy white pre- 
cipitate with oxaUc acid, and still better with the 
oxalates ; and this precipitate, when dried and heated 
over a candle, becomes browrn on the edge, then of a 
sudden fulminates faintly, and is all dispersed in white 
fumes. When impure, it deflagrates like gun powder, 
and when in too small quantity to be collected, the 
filtering paper burns, as if steeped in nitrate of potash. 
This is a very characteristic and delicate test. 

From a quarter of a grain of oxalic acid, dissolved in 
4000 parts of water, we have procured enough of the 
powder to show its fulmination twice. The precipita- 
tion alone cannot be trusted to, for it may equally take 
place with hydrochloric, phosphoric, citric or tartaric 
acid, and likewise with the alkalies. But v^/hen the 
test of fulmination is tried, there is no chance of its be- 
ing confounded with any of these, except perhaps with 
the tartaric and citric acid. The compounds of these 
acids with silver, we find, possess properties that will 
render the nitrate of silver one of the simplest and most 
correct tests for distinguishing them from each other, 
and from oxalic acid. The citrate of silver becomes 
brown under exposure to heat, froths up, then deflagrates 
slightly, with the discharge of white fumes, and a large 
quantity of dull, ash-grey, crumbling matter remains, of 
a very peculiar fibrous structure. The tartrate of silver 
becomes brown, froths up like the citrate, white fumes 
are discharged, without even deflagration, and there is 
left an ash coloured botryoidal mass, incrusted out- 
wardly with silver. 

If magnesia or chalk has been given as an antidote 
during the patient's life, the oxalate of magnesia or lime 
may be mingled, in the form of powder, with the con- 
tents of the stomach ; or with the vomited matter. The 
powdery matter is then to be separated by elutriation 



ACIDUM OXALICUM . 101 

from what remains upon the filter during the previous 
process. If magnesia has been the antidote employed, 
it is only requisite to boil the powder in pure water for 
a few minutes, and then subject the filtered fluid to the 
three tests described above. For the oxalate of that 
earth is sufficiently soluble to furnish, even with a sin- 
gle ounce of water, a solution in which all the foregoing 
characters may be observed. If the antidote employed 
has been chalk, then the powder is to be boiled for 
fifteen minutes with half its weight of pure subcarbonate 
of potash, dissolved in 20 to 30 parts of water. A mutual 
interchange then takes place, and the solution contams 
oxalate and carbonate of potash. In applying the tests 
to this solution, the free alkali is to be previously neu- 
tralized with hydrochloric acid, when hydrochlorate of 
lime or sulphate of copper is to be used, and with nitric 
acid, before using the nitrate of silver. In the last case 
there ought to be as litde excess of acid as possible, 
because the oxalate of silver is soluble in nitric acid. 

These tests of oxaUc acid are very little influenced 
by the presence of such animal matter as may exist in 
the suspected fluid after boiling and filtration. The 
chief animal principle then present is gelatin. Gelatin 
alone is not precipitated by hydrochlorate of lime, sul- 
phate of copper, or nitrate of silver ; neither does it 
aflfect the delicacy of the two first as tests of oxalic acid; 
but when in very large proportion, it suspends the ac- 
tion of nitrate of silver. Whenever this obstacle is 
encountered, or if, from any other cause w-e have left 
unexamined, this the most decisive of the tests does not 
give satisfactory results, the oxalic acid may be thrown 
down with the hydrochlorate of lime, and the insoluble 
oxalate boiled with carbonate of potass as just described. 
This process will probably be always proper, when the 
suspected fluid is deeply coloured ; for w^e cannot 
decolourize it wdth chlorine, since chlorine precipitates 
abundantly with that salt. {Christison and Coindet,) 



102 ACIDUM OXAX-ICUM. 



GENERAL VIEW OF THE ACTION OF OXALIC ACID ON 
ANIMALS. 

In giving a general view of the action of oxalic acid 
Drs. Christison and Coindet assert, that the symptoms 
differ according to the quantity given, and to the degree 
in which it has been dilated. They likewise differ 
somewhat according to the tissue to which it has been 
applied — and further, they vary in different species of 
animals. They are seen most characteristically when 
the acid has been so given as not to prove fatal for an 
hour or more. 

If, with this view, a small quantity be injected into 
the stomach, intestines or peritoneum of a dog, he is 
soon seized with violent eflbrts to vomit. But the first 
unequivocal sign of its action is generally a slight per- 
manent stiffness oi the hind legs^ drooping of the head, 
weakness, and increased frequency of the pulse^ and a 
very peculiar dull, sorrowful look. About the same 
time there appears a slight sudden check in inspiration, 
from the respiratory muscles contracting before the chest 
is fully expanded. Gradually several of these come 
together, so as to constitute paroxysms of short hurried 
breathing, with intervals of ease. Meanwhile tJie stiff- 
ness of the hind legs increases; they become likewise 
insensible^ and often the spasm gives place to paralysis; 
he jerks the head occasionally backwards, walks with a 
peculiar stiff gait ^ and assumes very odd postures, from 
inability to regulate the motions of the limbs. As the 
poisoning advances, the motions of the chest during 
the paroxysms become more and more confined by 
spasm of the muscles; and at last there is a period to- 
wards the close of each paroxysm, when the spasm is 
so great as completely to suspend the respiration. This 
is commonly accompanied with more or less extension 
of the head, tail and extremities, sometimes amounting 
to violent opisthotonos. In the intervals, the breathing 
continues hurried, and the heart beats very feebly and 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 103 

rapidly. In one case only we observed it prodigiously 
strong, so that it might be heard a few feet from the 
animal. The insensibiUty hitherto limited to the hind 
legs, now extends to the trunk and fore legs, and lastly 
the head. As the insensibility increases, the breathing 
diminishes in frequency, the spasmodic paroxysms be- 
come more and more obscuie, and then cease altogether. 
For some time, however, they may be slightly renewed, 
by striking the back and limbs ; but at last the animal 
falls into a state of deep pure coma, with complete re- 
laxation of the whole body. The heart now^ can scarce- 
ly be felt ; the breathing is slow, regular and short, 
and becomes gradually more obscure, till finally life is 
extinguished without a struggle. 

Several striking variations are produced by differ- 
ences in the dose. Thus, if it be augmented, the fits of 
spasm come on early and with great violence, the in- 
tervals are marked by remissions only, and the animal 
expires in a paroxysm, before the stage of insensibility 
begins. The action the_n resembles considerably that of 
the vegetable alkalies, brncia and strychnia, but differs 
from it in being also exerted, as we shall soon see, upon 
the heart. Death may be produced in this manner, in 
three, five or ten minutes. 

If on the other hand, the dose be much diminished, 
there may be stiffness of the hind legs, much dulness, 
drooping of the whole body, and a sort of somnolency, 
without insensibility, or even without spasmodic pa- 
roxysms, and then the animal will commonly recover. 
In such cases, notwithstanding the local irritating powder 
of the acid, inflammation is not apt to ensue. The 
diluted state is in part the cause of this. 

Similar modifications arise j^rom the degree to which 
the acid is diluted ; dilution having nearly the same effect 
as increase of quantity,'^ 

The symptoms likew^ise vary somewhat, according to 

* This remarkable observation is literally transcribed fi'om 
Christison's and Coindet's interesting Memoir. 



104 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

the tissue to which it is appUed. Thus no vomiting pre- 
cedes the spasmodic symptoms, if the poison has been 
injected into the pleura or cellular tissue. Moreover we 
have always found the paroxysms of spasm to be most 
remarkable, when it was applied to the serous tissues. 
Death ensues quickest when the acid is introduced 
directly into the veins. 

Lastly they vary in different species of animals. Thus 
cats are more rapidly killed by it than rabbits inferior 
in size, and frequently the .spasmodic paroxysms are not 
distinct. In rabbits the opisthotonos is always remark- 
ably violent. When a drachm in twelve parts of water 
is introduced into the stomach, the trunk and extremi- 
ties during the paroxysms are extended with such sud- 
denness and force, that the whole body is often raised 
nearly two feet into the air. 

The order of the symptoms and appearances after 
death seems to indicate, that the primary action of the 
poison is on the spinal marrow and brain ^ and the heart 
and lungs are effected secondarily^ through the injury 
done to the nervous system. 

Thus the first symptom observed is spasmodic con- 
traction, or sometimes paralysis of the hind legs ; next, 
the trunk is similarly effected, as is shown by the spasm 
of the muscles of respiration ; and then the animal be- 
comes insensible, which marks the commencement of 
an affection of the brain. The functions of the heart 
and lungs begin to suffer as soon as the insensibility 
begins, the pulsations of the heart becoming feeble and 
hurried, and the impeded respiration bringing on symp- 
toms of incomplete asphyxia. 

- These two functions are variously affected in different 
circumstances. When the dose has been small, the 
heart suffers less; the signs of an injury of the brain are 
fully developed, and end in pure coma, — in consequence 
of which the animal dies slowly, asphyxiated. This is 
shown not only by the symptoms, but likewise by the 
heart contracting after death, and by the arterial system 
being filled with black blood. But when the dose has 



ACIDUM 0XALICU3I. 105 

been greater, the heart's action is destroyed at once 
through a sudden impression conveyed from the origin 
of the nerves, before the symptoms either of coma or of 
asphyxia can be developed ; for then the heart does not 
contract after death, and the blood in its aortal cavities 
is florid. It is a curious confirmation of this secondary 
action on the heart, that precisely the same appearances 
are found when the nervous system has been powerfully 
irritated, not through absorption, but by sympathy with 
extensive injury of the stomach. In that case, too, the 
heart loses its contractility as soon as the animal ex- 
pires, audits aortal cavities contain florid blood. [Christi- 
son and Coindet,) 

The experim^ents of Rave and Klosterman, as w^ell as 
those of Pommer, completely confirm the above observa- 
tions of Drs. Christison and Coindet. The experiments 
of Pommer, who used a still smaller quantity of the 
poison in his injections than Drs. Christison and Coin- 
det, fully establish the fact, that in proportion to the 
diminution of the quantity and its dilution, if inject- 
ed into a vein, the more rapidly death ensues. It is true, 
we have no data of the w^eight of the animals, w^hich he 
used in his experiments. The injection of the poison 
into the jugular, instead of the femoral vein, as w^as 
done by Christison and Coindet, might also hasten death. 
But in whatever hght we may view the experiments, 
there is no reason to doubt the truth of this proposition. 

It is unnecessary for me to dwell here on the strong 
confirmation which the doctrines of the Homoeopathic 
school may draw from the facts here proclaimed. But 
let those, who are in the habit of smiling at these doc- 
trines, carefully examine and sift them. They will at 
least not be able to accuse Drs. Christison and Pommer 
of partiality. 



THERAPEUTIC OBSERVATIONS. 

Only few decided observations may be ventured upon 
the curative powers of oxalic acid. Most of the provers 



106 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

have taken it but once, and on the female organism it 
has not been tried at all, if I except one observation. 
Further experiments will be necessary to enlighten us 
about the whole range of its action on the healthy hu- 
man body. 

The observation of Drs. Christison and Coindet, 
that oxalic acid acts primarily on the brain, and second- 
arily, on the heart and lungs, seems also to be corrobo- 
rated by the experiments upon the healthy human eco- 
nomy. 

All provers seem to have felt its action first in the 
head, and afterwards in the heart and lungs. It has a 
most decided action on the vertex and forehead, and 
seems to produce in its secondary effect great exhila- 
ration of spirits, with other pecuUar effects upon the mind. 

Its action on the abdomen in the region of the navel 
with colic and difficult emission of flatulency, is very de- 
cided. I have cured a chronic inflammation of the abdo- 
men in the region of the navel, in the case of a child, 
set. 5, with a few small doses of oxalic acid, where 
several other remedies had proved ineffectual. 

Jaeggy speaks highly of it as an anti-phlogistic, in 
small fractional doses in most inflammations of the abdo- 
minal viscera, hepatitis and psoitis excepted. 

Its effect on the urinary organs and testicles, is also 
prominent,although the experiments are too few^ in number 
to admit of the establishment of more direct indications 
for its choice in any particular case. 

I have prescribed it with benefit in a case of chronic 
soreness and heaviness in the testicles, accompanied 
with a bruised sensation in the os sacrum, and general 
weakness of the genitals. There were also many symp- 
toms indicating tabes dorsalis. 

It will probably prove serviceable in laryngitis, dis- 
eases of the chest and heart, rheumatic affections of the 
joints, and also lameness of the lower extremities. A 
palpitation of the heart, occurring at night after lying 
down in bed, and depending on a rheumatic affection of 
the heart, was entirely cured by oxaUc acid. 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 107 

The assertion of Valli^ that in oxalic acid we should 
probably find a remedy that would prolong life, seems 
to be merely theoretical. His theory is, that oxalic 
acid would have the effect of retaining the animal, lime 
in a fluid form, and in a condition to be carried off, 
thereby preventing its becoming compact, and the brittle- 
ness of the solids, depending thereon, as well as the ob- 
struction of the vessels. This theory, based entirely 
upon chemical laws, seems to lose complete sight of its 
powerful dynamical effect. 

I have repeatedly prescribed the 2d and Sd tritura- 
tion, to persons of different ages, with a view to the 
above effect, but without any visible operation. Whether 
by giving larger doses a different result might have been 
obtained, I am not prepared to say. 

The following are the pathogenetic effects of the 1^^ 
and 2d trituration of oxalic acid. Those of Dr. Christi- 
son, are taken from cases of poisoning. 



GENERAL SYMPTOMS.—]. All the pains from 
oxalic acid, seem to occupy only a small spot, half an 
inch to an inch in length, viz : in the eustachian tube, 
right wrist, right hypochondrium, region of navel, knee, 
etc. [Her in g.^ 

They seem to be excited and aggravated by move- 
ment, as the pains in the bowels, testicles, kidney, back, 
etc. (JYeidhard.) 

From time to time he has those peculiar jerking pains, 
like short stitches, confined to a small spot, and lasting 
only a few seconds. (Heriug.) 

Oxalic acid has a decided action on the joints: ankle, 
knees, hips, wrist, shoulders. {JYeidhard,) 

5. Extreme lassitude of the body. {JYeidhard,) 

Pain, but chiefly great lassitude and weakness of the 
limbs, and next morning numbness, and weakness 
there as well as in the back. This affection was at 
first so severe, that she could hardly walk up stairs. 



108 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

She recovered entirely in a few days. Christison. (In 
the case of a girl who had swallowed by mistake 
about two drachms.) 

A feeling, as after a debauch the previous night; dull 
headache, with a gnawing, tensive pain and soreness 
in the eyes, and superciliary regions, lassitude, disincli- 
nation to occupation, reading, etc., and inclination to 
stretch, with occasional yawning. Relief by walking in 
the cool open air. (Next day, after taking oxalic acid. 
2d, Kitchen.) 

Tremor of the limbs. (Mitheilungen des Vereins fuer 
Natur und Heilkunde im voigtlaendischen Kreise.) 

A very singular ease in his motions. (Hering.) 

10. A pecuUar general numbness, approaching to 
palsy. Christison. 

Loss of consciousness for eight hours. Christison. 
(From two drachms.) 

Nervous symptoms appear mostly in those patients, 
who have taken the diluted acid. Christison. 

Convulsions either at the time of death or before it. 
Christison. 

Convulsions, with two or three deep inspirations be- 
fore death. Christison. 

15. The symptoms from oxalic acid occasionally in- 
termit for some hours or a day, and then return in a 
diminished degree. [JYeidhard.) 

Some, who are generally much affected by cold 
weather, appear better able to bear it. (JYeidhard.) 

SKIN. — During shaving, the skin is more sensitive. 
[Hering.) 

The face is redder than usual. {Hering.) 

Red points on the glans penis, without itching or any 
other sensation. [Hering.) 

20. In the evening after walking, during sitting, a 
violent itching on a small spot of the neck, the right side 
of the hairy scalp, and on the left side of the trunk, etc. 
[Hering.) 

Itching on the neck. [JYeidhard.) 

Smarting soreness around the neck, as if chafed by 
the collar. ( Williamson.) 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 109 

On a spot on the right index finger, where a cut from 
a penknife had healed four days ago, a very painful 
pustule appears. (From oxalic acid. 2d, JYeidhard,) 

An eruption or motded appearance of the skin, in cir- 
cular patches, not unlike the roundish red marks on the 
arms of stout healthy children, but of a deeper tint. 
Christison. 

SLEEP.— 25. Slept very little through the night, and 
when he did, had constant dreams w^ith starting and 
then waking up with fright. The dreams were of an 
unpleasant character. (1st night. Dubs,) 

He raised himself up in bed in alarm, looking round 
the room, but on recollecting where he was, he laid 
down again, repeating the same action in an hour. (1st 
night, from ox. ac. 3 grs. of -^^^ irit. Dubs,) 

Being awakened by a noise in the night, he could 
not go to sleep again for two hours. [Floto,) 

Continual and vivid dreams, always of a frightful 
nature; he wakes up often and dreams constantly. 
{Midhard,) 

Sleep very restless, but without dreams. (2d day. 
JSTeidhard,) 

30. Has had dreams, which he cannot remember. 
(First night. Hering,) 

Very profound and long sleep ; on rising from bed 
quite stupid, he lies down ag-ain and sleeps one hour 
longer. (2d day. Hering,) 

Very violent yawning. (Floto,) 

Great sleepiness in the morning. (2d day. Hering,) 

After dinner, sleepiness, and profound sleep while in 
the sitting position. [JVeidhard,) 

35. He is more inclined to sleep at night than usual. 
{JYeidhard,) 

Dreams of rapidly sliding walking, he glides on his 
way wdth every step without difficulty; dreams also that 
water is poured upon him. (2d day. Hering,) 

Dreams of an agreeable and lascivious nature, and of 
a character of reality. (Kitchen,) 

10 



110 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

FEVER. — Creeping of cold, particularly from the 
lower part of the spine upwards. {JYeidhard,) 

In the evening, after tea, sneezing, with chilliness. 
[JYeidhard,^ 

An internal sensation of heat ^particularly in theface^ 
for several hours during the forenoon. {Hervng.) 

40. Some heat at first in the face, and afterwards in 
the left leg, like from external warmth. (Hering.) 

General sensation of heat. (JYeidhard,) 

Exhausting fever with dyspepsia and singultus. 
Christison, (In a patient, who seemed at first to be 
doing well, but was carried offafterwards with the above 
fever in twenty-three days.) 

Flushes of heat and perspiration all over the body, 
{Dubs.) 

Clammy perspiration. Christison, 

45. His hands, feet and face were cold and covered 
with a cold perspiration. (Mittheilungen, s. loc. cit.) 

He perspires less than usual. {Floto,) 

Pulse more frequent and harder than usual. [Floto.) 

Pulse increased in frequency, from 100 to 108. 
[Hering^ JSTeidhard,) 

The pulse is more frequent than usual, and tense. 
[Kitchen.) 

50. The pulse in every case became imperceptible, 
and even in those who recovered, it could not be felt 
for several hours. This state of the pulse w^as accom- 
panied with deadly coldness, clammy sweats, some- 
times lividity of the nails and fingers. Christison. 
(Contrary to this general fact, observes Dr. C, he once 
remarked in a dog the pulsation of the heart so strong, 
as to be audible at the distance of several yards.) 

Extreme feebleness of the pulse. Christison. (From 
two scruples after 24 hours.) 

Pulse small, tremulous, intermittent. (Mittheilungen, 
s. loc. cit.) 

General excitement in the evening. (J\'eidhard.) 

MENTAL.— In the morning, power of meditation 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. Ill 

very difficult and slow ; is hardly able to answer ques- 
tions proposed to him. (2d day. Hering.) 

55. Disinclination to conversation. (Floto.) 

Sensation of fulness in the face, and excitement, with 
disinclination to conversation. (1st day. Hering,) 

Seems in its primary action to diminish the power of 
concentrating' his ideas, and afterwards to increase it. 
[JSl^eidhard,) 

Unusual power of concentration of the mind. ( WiU 
liamson,) 

Greater presence of mind, the relations of the world 
seem to be clearer to him. [JVeidhard,) 

60. The pains from oxalic acid, as soon as he thinks 
about tltem^ return, particularly that in the knee, the 
hiccup, etc. [Hering.) 

Philoprogenitiveness, (?) greater love of his children, 
in one in whom this feeling was always predominating; 
a decidedly expressed, and clearly distinguishable 
symptom, it being not traceable to any other cause. 
[Hering,) Compare 74. 

He feels more composed than usual, and very much 
exhilarated. [JYeidhard,) 

General exhilaration of the mind. (3d day. Her- 

Hilarity and cheerfulness. ( Williamson.) 

65. Great cheerfulness of the mind, quicker in thought 
and action. [jYeidhard.) 

The whole forenoon unusual vivacity, and power of 
concentration, w^hich is still more decided in the after- 
noon. [^JYeidhard.) 

Great increase of animation through the day, with 
playfulness and mirthfulness, which has not of late years 
been natural to him. (1st, 2d, and 3d day. Dubs.) 

Nervous and vascular excitement, as from alcohol, 
constituting a feeling of hilarity, and the pulse one- 
third more frequent than usual, and tense. [Kitchen.) 

HEAD. — Giddiness the whole day. [JYeidhard.) 

70. On lying down vertigo, like a swimming towards 
the lefl side. [Hering.) 



112 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

Emptiness in the head, sensation of faintiness, as if 
all the blood had left the brain, with anxiety. (Floto.) 

Sensation in the upper part of the body, and par- 
ticularly the head, as if the blood was streaming^from 
below upwards, and from within outwards. [Hering,) 

Headache. Christison, (24 hours after taking two 
scruples.) 

Pain pressing inwardly between the vertex and occi- 
put, on a spot not larger than a dollar, on the middle 
line. (In quarter of an hour. Hering,) 

75. Pain along the base of the occipital bone, re- 
turning several times, during the first two days. ( Wil- 
liawjson,) 

In the morning after rest slight aching in the occiput, 
and erections. [Hering.) 

Slight compression in the head, wdth a sensation like 
a screw behind each ear. [Hering.) 

Soon after taking it, pain on the vertex. [Floto,) 

Dull headache on the vertex. (From one-tenth ox. 
ac. E, Smith.) 

80. Heaviness in the forehead and vertex. (In the 
morning, ^after taking the acid in the evening. E, 
Smith.) 

Continual dull pain in the forehead and vertex. 
[Buhs.) 

Flushes of heat and perspiration in the morning, with 
sharp pains in the forehead and vertex. [Dubs.) 

Sharp pains in the forehead and vertex, with a feel- 
ing of lightness. The pain is most acute over the left 
eye, and in the left temple. (Soon after taking it. 
Dubs.) 

Dull pains, with occasional sharp pains in the fore- 
head. {Dubs.) 

Dull headache. Compare 7. 

85. Fulness in the forehead above the eyes. [JYeid- 
hard.) 

Removes immediately a dulness in the forehead^ to 
which he was frequently subject in the morning. [JYeid- 
hard.) 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 113 

Painful pressure in the right temple, (confined to a 
small spot) the pain is also jerking, sliding ; soon after, 
the same sensation in the hollow of the left knee. {Her- 
ing.) 

Pain in the left temple, extending as far as the lower 
jaw. (In IJ hours. JYeidhard.) 

Jerking in the left temple. {JYeidhard,) 

EYES. — 90, — Pressure in the upper part of the eyes 
during walking. (Floto.) 

Pain in both orbits, but worse in the left one. William^ 
son,) 

Linear objects appear larger and more distant, than 
they really are. (In one who is near sighted. Hering,) 

EARS. — In the afternoon occasionally a pain in the 
depth of the ear, as in if the eustachian tube, near the 
throat; worse on the right side. [Hering.) 

A kind of slight blowing noise in the left ear. (JYeid- 
hard.) 

NOSE. — 95. Watery running from the nose, with 
sneezing. (Floto,) 

Pain in the nose. (Hering,) 

Sneezing with chilliness. Compare 38. 

FACE, JAWS. — Sensation of fulness in the face. 
(^Hering,) 

An internal sensation of heat, particularly in the face. 
Compare 39. 

Some heat at first in the face, and afterwards in the 
left leg. Compare 40. 

The face is redder than usual. 18. 

Drawing pain with rigidity near the angle of the lower 
jaw, first in the left, then in the right side, but longer in 
the left. (Floto.) Compare 88. 

TEETH. — Dull aching pains of the molar teeth of 
the right and left upper jaw, w^orse in the ;right jaw% 
(Lasted nearly all day, but passed away towards even- 
ing. Dubs.) 

100. Dull pain in the first molar tooth of the right 
upper jaw, which is very distressing. (After 15 minutes 
Dubs,) 

10^ 



114 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

Bleeding of the gums during friction of them. Has 
had the same occasionally before, but it was this time 
unexpectedly soon, and much more copious. (Hering.) 

MOUTH. — Inflammation of the tongue and mouth, 
if the acid has had time to develop its operation. Christi- 
son. 

The tongue was red, swollen, tense and tender, the 
day after the acid was swallowed. Christison, 

Tongue dry, sore and excoriated, worse towards the 
point, continued all day and evening. (Dubs.) 

105. The tongue felt rather more cool than hot. 
(Mittheilungen, s. loc. cit.) 

In rincing the mouth, a sow^ taste in it. (1st day. 
Hering.) 

In the forenoon a decidedly sour taste in the mouth. 
(2d day. Hering.^ 

THROAT. — Soreness of the fauces on swallowing, 
for two hours in the morning. (Dubs.) Compare 122. 

* The chronic sore throat, to which he is subject, 
feels much better. (Hering.) 

110. Expectoration of thick yellowish mucus from 
the throat. (Floto.) 

Augments in the first hour the secretion of mucus from 
the throat. (JVeidhard.) 

STOMACH, AVVETITE.— Eructations of tasteless 
wind after each meal. {Bubs.) 

Eructations of wind, tasting of the food he has eaten. 
{Dubs.) 

Eructations and discharge of flatulency per anum. 
(Floto.) 

115. Eructations and passage of flatulency down- 
wards. ( E. Smith.) 

Hiccup, which continues for some time, although he 
has taken nothing substantial. (1st day. Hering.) Com- 
pare 60. 

Vomiting. Christison. (Only from very large doses.) 

Slight sickness of the stomach. {Js^eidliard.) 

Qualmishness of the "stomach with sickness. (After 
6 hours. JVeidhard.) 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 115 

120. A sensation of grasping in the stomach, very 
transient. (In a few seconds. JYeidhai^d,) 

Slight o-nawinoj, burnino; in the stomach and eructa- 
tions. (In li hours. JVeidhard,) 

Burning pain in the stomachy and generally also in the 
throat. Christison, (Immediately in every case.^) 

Pressure in the stomach. (In a few minutes. JVeid- 
hard,) 

He wakes up at night with a most violent pressive 
paiii^ like a heavy w^eight in the pit of the stomach ; it 
comes and goes at intervals of 15 minutes, but dimi- 
nishes in force at each renewal. It lasts altogether about 
2 hours. Discharge of flatulency relieves the pain. (After 
5 drops of oxalic ether, taken in the morning. JVeid- 
hard,) 

125. Severe pain in the stomach. Christisoii. (From 
seven drachms.) 

Excruciating pain in the stomach. (Mittheilungen 
s. loc. cit.) 

The slightest touch of the stomach caused the most 
violent pains. (Mittheilungen, s. 1. c.) 

Excessive sensibility of the stomach, with disposition 
to costiveness. (Mittheilungen, etc., in a patient who 
recovered, but who remained for a long time subject to 
those symptoms.) 

His natural weakness of the stomach is much dimin- 
ished. (2d day. JYeidhard,) 

130. In the evening after tea, pyrosis, with much, 
emission of flatulency, and pressing downwards. [JVeid- 
hard. ) 

^ Oxalic acid is one of the poisons, of whose operation dis- 
tinct evidence may sometimes (though certainly not always) be 
found in the symptoms. If a person immediately after swallow- 
ing a solution of a crystalline salt, which tasted purely and 
strongly acid, is attacked with burning m the throat, then with 
burning in the stomachy vomiting, particularly of bloody matter, 
imperceptible pulse and excessive langour. and dies in half an 
hour, or still more in twenty, fifteen, or ten minutes, I do not 
know any fallacy which can interfere with the conclusion, that 
oxalic acid was the cause of death. No parallel disease begins 
so abruptly and terminates so soon; and no other crystalline 
poison has the same effect. — Christison on Poisons, 



116 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

Every evening pyrosis. (JYeidhard.) 

Great increase of appetite. [Bering.) 

Loss of appetite. (JYeidhard,) 

No thirst, and rather a repugnance to water. (Dubs.) 

135. Unusual thirst at 3 o'clock, A. M. (2d day. 
JYeidhard.) 

Violent thirst. (Mittheilungen, etc.) 

A sensation in the fauces, as if there was acidity in 
the stomach. (2d day. Hering.) 

BOWELS. — Bowels opened in the morning, at 9 
o'clock, and again at 4 in the afternoon. Slight colic 
pain in and around the umbilicus, just before the after- 
noon evacuation. {Dubs.) 

Pain like a cramp a little to the left of the umbilicus, 
and several minutes after, colic pain in the right iliac 
region. Eructations of tasteless winds several times. 
(1st day. 5 o'clock, P. M. Dubs.) 

140. Distressed feeling around the navel, and through 
the whole abdomen, with a sensation of great weakness 
in the latter. (2d day. Dubs.) 

Dull aching pain in the abdomen, worse round the 
umbilicus. (Dubs.) 

Colic-like pains in, and around the navel, every day. 
(Dubs.) 

Dull aching pain in the right side of the abdomen, 
the whole afternoon, on a small spot. (JYeidhard.) 

Pain round ihe navel like colic^ repeatedly, but always 
after the symptoms in the head. {JYeidhard.) 

145. Flatulent colic, like as-if he had eaten unripe fruit, 
on waking up at night, below the navel, which is in- 
creased by movement after getting up ; the pain dimi- 
nishes during rest and returns periodically. (The night 
after taking it. E. Smith.) 

In the morning after breakfast, on walking about, the 
same pain returns, gets better about 9 o'clock, and dis- 
appears entirely at 12 o'clock. (jG. Smith.) 

Sensation of soreness on touching, all around the 
navel. {E. Smith.) 

Sensation of soreness in the abdomen. {JYeidhard.) 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 117 

Pain in the abdomen. ChHstison. (First felt six 
hours after swallowing half an ounce of oxalic acid, di- 
luted in w^ater.) 

150. Sharp and constant pain in the left iliac region. 
{Dubs.) 

For half an hour after retiring, a continued pain in the 
left hypochondrium. (JYeidhard.) 

A sticking pain in the left hypochondrium. (After 
three hours. Williamson.) 

Pain between hypochondrium and navel, on the left 
side, like a development of flatulency. (In half an hour. 
{JYeidhard.) 

On sitting dowm after a walk, violent effort to dis- 
charge flatulency. (As from a small spot on the left 
iliac region.) Sensation as if the part would burst 
(Midhard.) 

Eructations and discharge of flatulency. 114. 

155. Distressed feeling and great w^eakness in the 
whole abdomen, with flatulent colic. (Dubs.) 

Great flatulency the w^hole day, with expulsion of 
wind downwards. Swelling of the abdomen with dull 
colic like pains at intervals^ in and around the umbili- 
cus, but worse in the right iliac region. Itching at the 
anus, wdth crawling sensation as if from w^orms, and 
which was relieved by rubbing the parts for several 
minutes. It returned several times during the night. 
{Dubs.) 

Colic pain ai-ound the umbihcus, and in the right 
iliac region, coming on by paroxysms. (Dubs.) 

Pain in the region of navel, with painful pressing 
down towards the anus and flatulency. {JYeidhard.) 

Pain in the region of the navel, w^ith emission of 
flatulency in the night. {JVeidhard.) 

160. Difficult discharge of flatulency. {Hering.) 

The whole evening rumbling in the bowels with pres- 
sing downwards. {MeAdhard.) 

Pain in the descending colon, followed by a free eva- 
cuation of mushy stool in the evening, one hour after 
taking it. {Williamson.) 



118 ACmUM OXALICUM. 

A similar pain returned the second evening. ( William' 

son,) 

6 o'clock, A. M., was suddenly seized with a distres- 
sing feeling in the whole abdomen, followed in several 
minutes by twisting in and around the umbilicus, with a 
discharge in a few minutes of a small quantity of hard 
faeces of a dark brown colour. In half an hour again 
violent pain and bearing down, followed by a loose eva- 
cuation, of a muddy-brown colour, accompained by 
colic pains in the navel. Below the navel he felt a bear- 
ing down, and griping pains in the anus. The latter 
were so severe, as to produce severe nervous pains 
through the head, with heat in this organ. After retiring 
to bed the same pains returned again in five minutes, 
followed by a copious evacuation of consistent dark 
muddy brown faeces. On going to bed the pains inva- 
riably returned, whilst sitting or reclining. Is better 
during motion. (Had to take mere. sol. 2dy to be re- 
lieved of the pain. Dubs.) 

165. Violent symptoms of irritation in the alimentary 
canal. Christison. (From two drachms.) 

Severe pain in the bowels, and frequent inclination 
to stool. Christison. (In a patient, who lived 13 hours 
after swallowing the poison.) 

In the anus a dull slow stitch, often returning. (Her- 
ing.) 

In the evening a slight pinching from flatulency near 
the anus. [Hering.) 

On rising, a violent tenesmus in the upper part of the 
rectum, a prolonged, very painful urging from above 
down ward s. [Hering, ) 

170. On sitting down to stool in the morning, press- 
ing cutting pain from the right side of the rectum above, 
towards the anus. [Hering,) 

Evacuation pappy, hght-brown. (2d day. Hering.) 

In the afternoon again, passage from the bowels, 
pappy, thick and short. During the passage violent 
stitches in the fleshy part of the left thumb, hke little 
quick cuts of a knife. [Hering.) Comp. 224, 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 119 

After the passage, a heavy rumbling in the right side 
of the abdomen, (csecum,) and noise from flatulency. 
(2d day. Hering.) 

Twice passage of the bowels during the day. (JYeid- 
hard.) Comp. 138. 

175. Constant involuntary discharge of fluid faeces, 
occasionally mixed with blood. Christison. 

Constipation. Christison, (in two persons who re- 
covered.) Comp. 128. 

During yawning, a pressing stitch above the right 
hip, which takes away his breath. (Hering,) 

During hiccup a sticking pressure above the right 
hip. (Hering.) Comp. 116. 

In the evening slight pain in the region of the right 
kidney. (JYeidhard.) 

URINE, GENITALS.— 180. Disposition to pass 
water every two hours, and in large quantities. (2d 
day. Dubs.) 

Inclination to pass water every hour, and in large 
quantities each time. Slight burning in passing the 
urine, which is clear, and of a straw colour. (3d day. 
Duhs.) 

Profuse flow ofUght coloured urine frequently during 
the evening. (Bubs.) 

Copious discharge of urine, at 5 o'clock in the morn- 
ing. ( Williamson . ) 

Urging to pass water, with copious discharge ; the 
w^ater is of a lighter colour than usual. (JYeidhard.) 

185. Desire to urinate ; the urine is of a lighter 
colour. (2d day. Hering.) 

Discharges less urine than usual. (1st day. Hering.) 

Great increase of sexual desire during the night 
and morning, with voluptuous dreams every night, for 
three nights. (Dubs.) Comp. 37. 

Excessive sexual desire. (5th day. Dubs.) 

Excitement of the sexual function, repeatedly. (A'^eid- 
hard.) 

190. After walking out*, pain in the testicles and 



120 ACIDUM o:5^ALict;M. 

spermatic chord, more in the latter, and worse in the 
right side. (1st day. Hering,) 

On lying down, erections, without any cause, and 
afterwards the pains in the testicles, mentioned above. 
[Hering.) 

Sensation of contusion in both testicles. {JYeidhard.) 

During walking in the evening, a pretty severe pain 
and heaviness in both testicles, shooting along the 
spermatic chords ; worse on the right side. (JYeid- 
hard,) 

Jerking in the testicles and spermatic chord. [JYeid- 
hard,) 

LARYNX and CHEST.~195. On walking in the 
open air tickling in the larynx, with a sensation of 
sticking, he coughs several times, the larynx feels 
swelled. (Floto.) 

A natural secretion of mucus from the throat is 
diminished. (Floto.) 

Expectoration of hard mucus in lumps, and watery 
running from the nose, with sneezing. [Floto,) 
Comp. 95. 

Expectoration of thick yellow mucus from the 
throat. 110. 

Hawking up of thick yellowish white phlegm with 
a black lump in the centre, of the size of a pea. (1st 
day. Dubs,) 

* The chronic sore throat, to which he is subject, is 
much better. 109. 

During speaking, a sensation of mucus in the larynx, 
hoarseness ; he has to expectorate more than usual. 
[Herijig,) 

iVugments, the 1st hour, the secretion of mucus 
from thethroat. 111. 

200. Slight cough, from tickling in the larynx and 
trachea; also sensation of soreness in the larynx. 
(A^eidhard,) 

Difficulty of breathing, with constrictive pain in the 
larynx, and wheezing ; oppression of the whole chest 
towards the right side. [Floto,) 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 121 

Sharp shooting pain in the left lung and heart, ex- 
tending^ down to the epigastrium, lasting for some 
seconds. (From 5 grs. 1-lO^A. 4th day. Dubs,) 

In the afternoon, stitches several times in the left 
lung. (5th day. Dubs. J 

Stitches in the left breast, more during walking. 
(Floto.) 

205. Sharp, lancinating pain in the left lung, coming 
on so suddenly, that it deprived him of breath for seve- 
ral seconds, and then gradually subsided. (6th dav. 
Dubs.) 

Ill the forenoon, during repose, and also afterwards, 
during walking, a pain in the heart, extending from be- 
hind and below towards the anterior part. The pain in 
the heart is very violent, like electric flashes coming 
from within. [Hering.) 

Immediately after lying down in bed at night, palpi- 
tation of the heart, for half an hour, three nights con- 
secutively. (Neidhard.) 

LOINS and BACK. — After rising from the recum- 
bent position, a pain in the region of the loins towards 
the right, between the last rib and hip. [Hering.) 

Weakness in the loins and hips, extending down'^to 
the lower extremities. (From 5 grs. 1-lO^A. Dubs.) 

210. Pain, shooting down from the loins to the limbs, 
the patient seeking constant relief in a change of pos- 
ture. Christison. (In a patient, who died in thirteen 
hours.) 

The pain in the sacrum, habitual to him in the morn- 
ing, is gone; instead of it a bruised sensation in the back 
from the loins to the shoulders. (2d day. Hering.) 

Acute "pain in the back^ gradually extending down to 
the thighs, occasioning ere long great torture, and con- 
tinuing almost to the moment of death. Christison. 
(The first symptom in a patient who had swallowed 
half an ounce of ox. ac. He died in thirteen hours.) 

Mumbness and weakness in the back and limbs, Chris- 
tison . 

Sense of numbness and tingling or pricking in the 
11 



122 ACIDUM OXALICUM. 

back and thighs. Christison. (From two scruples, in 
24 hours.) 

215. Sensation of numbness in sacrum. [JVeidhard.) 

Creeping of cold, particularly from the lower part of 
the spine upwards. 37. 

ARMS and LEGS. — Sharp shooting pain in the right 
shoulder-joint, coming on suddenly, and lasting about 
15 minutes. (One hour after 3grs. l-lOth. Dubs.) 

After lying down in bed, a twitch in the left deltoid 
muscle, and in a, few minutes one in the right. {Kit- 
chen,) 

During the forenoon increased sprain-like pain in the 
right wrist, which he has had for some time. (1st day. 
IIeri7ig.) 

The pain in the right wrist worse ; it jars and cracks. 
(2d day. Hering,) 

220. The right wrist painful^ as if it were strained or 
dislocated. On taking hold of any thing, he has to let 
it fall again. (3d day. Hewing.) 

During writing, a violent jerking pain in the ulnar 
region, near the right metacarpus. (1st day. Hering.) 

Sensation of slight numbness in the left arm. {Her- 
ing.) 

Sensation as if the hands were dead. Christison. 

Tensive pain in the fleshy part of the left thumb, with 
heat, numbness, and a sensation of swelling, lasting 
about half an hour. (After 30 minutes. Kitchen.) 

Lividity of the nails and fingers. Comp. 50. 

225. Sticking pain in the right hip-joint. [Wil- 
liamson.) 

Aching pain in the right ankle-joint, with a feehng 
of swelling, of this part and the whole right foot. 
(From 5 grs. l-lOth. Dubs.) 

Sharp shooting pain on the instep of the right foot, 
lasting for half an hour, at intervals. [Dabs.) 

The same pain the next day, lasting five minutes. 
(Dubs.) 

Sharp pain in the right ankle-joint, several days after 
the first pain. (Dubs.) 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 123 

^ 230. A very violent coritrading pain in the external 
tendon of the left knee, (1st day. Hering.) 

Jerking, sliding pain in the hollow of the left knee. 
[^Hering. ) 

Uneasiness in limbs and feet, which he is hardly able 
to keep quiet for a few minutes at a time. [Dubs.) 

Slight lameness and stiffness in the lower extremities. 
(JYeidhard.) 

Lividity, coldness, and almost complete loss of the 
power of motion in the legs, which symptoms were not 
entirely removed for fifteen days. Christison, (From 
two drachms.) 



124 ELATERIUM, 



E L A T E R I U M . 

BY CALEB B. MATTHEWS, M. D. 

Momordica elaterium — Wild or Squirting Cucumber — 
Its Inspissated Juice — The Extract of the Fruit, 

Sy7ion. Concombre sauvage, (Fr.) — Eselsgurken, 
(Germ.) 

JYat. Ord. Cucurbitace8e. 

Sex, Syst. Monoecia, Syngenesia. 

Gen. Char. — Flowers monoecious white or yellow, 
with a filiform peduncle having one bract. Males : 
calyx five-cleft, with a very short tube. Corol. five- 
parted. Stam, triadelphous ; anthers connate. Fe- 
males : filaments three or five, triadelphous, sterile. 
Style three-cleft. Ovar, bilocular. Fruit muricate, 
opening with elasticity when ripe. Seeds compressed, 
reticulated when ripe. 

Sp. Char. — Hisped-rough, glaucous. Stem short, 
without tendrils. Flowers axillary. Leaves cordate, 
somewhat lobed, crenate dentate, very rugose on long 
petioles. Fruit ovate, obtuse, hispid-rough, with long 
peduncles. Seeds chesnut-brown. Root annual. 

The experiments from which the following symptoms 
were obtained, were made with the pellets moistened 
with the second dilution, prepared from the extract of 
elaterium, first by trituration with sac. lactis, and then 
by dihation in alcohol in the proportions to form the 
second dilution. Twenty or thirty pellets were given 
and evinced the same symptoms in several individuals 
on whom it was tried, very soon after its administra- 
tion. 

The elaterium of the shops is liable to one incon- 



ELATERIUM. 125 

venience ; it is found sometimes to be very inferior, if 
not entirely inert ; and others, in making the dilutions, 
may, from that circumstance, fail to produce the desired 
results. 

'•'The judicious experiments of Dr. Clutterbuck prove 
that the active principle of the Momordica elaterium re- 
sides more particularly in the juice, which is lodged in 
the centre of the fruit, (around the seeds) and which 
spontaneously subsides from it."* Dr. Clutterbuck 
obtained only six grains of genuine elaterium from forty- 
wild cucumbers, and of this an eighth part of a grain 
seldom failed to purge violently, ''yet, strange as it may 
appear, not more than o?ie grain in ten of elaterium, as 
it occurs in commerce, possesses any active properdes ; 
and that this decimal part is a vegetable proximate 
principle, not hitherto noticed,"! called by Paris 
E latin. 

The early history of elaterium, which appears from 
Dioscorides and others to have been employed wuth 
much confidence and success, by the ancients, is in- 
volved in great confusion ; some authors speaking of 
different preparations by that name. Hippocrates uses 
the term elaterium to mean any violent purgative. 

The elaterium of Dioscorides is presumed to be the 
article at present in use. He states its dose to be from 
gr. ij. to 9j.; .^tius, Paulus, and Actuarius recommend 
gss. ; Mesue, 9ss. to 9j. ; Bondus, 9j. to ^ss. ; while 
Massarius gives doses of grs, \j.; Herman from grs. v. to 
grs. vij. ; Quincy, grs. v. ; Boerhaave, grs. iv. ; and 
the physicians of the present times give from grs. ss., to 
grs. ij. These discrepancies, while they show" the un- 
certainty of the article, are to be explained, as shown 
by Clutterbuck's experiments, on the principle of differ- 
ent degrees of admixture of inert matter in the speci- 
mens used by different practitioners. I have found it 
act on the bowels, producing several discharges, in 
doses of the 20th of a grain, triturated with refined loaf 
sugar. 

* Paris" Pharmacologia. pas^e 258. f Ibid, page 270. 
fp 



126 ELATERIUM. 

The~elaterium of commerce comes to us in small thin 
cakes, having the impression of the muslin on which it 
was placed to dry. It is of a greenish colour, and bitter 
somewhat acrid taste. The purest is light, pulverulent, 
and inflammable. 

Paris, in his Pharmacologia, (page 272,) states that 
there is a hitter principle in the elaterium very distinct 
from the extractive matter, having no purgative pro- 
perty whatever ; but when taken only produces an in- 
creased appetite — yet when combined w^ith the elatin, 
the latter is much accelerated in its action by the 
presence of the former. 

The dose of good elaterium used by physicians of the 
old school, as a hydragogue for w^hich it has princi- 
pally been heretofore employed, in the cure of dropsy 
in its various forms, especially hydrothorax, is from half 
to two grains. 

It differs from most other powerful cathartics, in ex- 
citing the pulse and producing febrile action. It has 
occasionally produced great prostration, and even death 
from its imprudent use, and was in consequence ban- 
ished from practice, until itsAise was revived by Dr. 
Ferriar, of Manchester, with great success in the cure of 
hydrothorax. 

From the foregoing brief account of elaterium, it w^ill 
be perceived that though it has been used at intervals 
for twenty centuries, yet little has been known of its 
properties, except that of a powerful and dangerous 
purgative; and this fact establishes the superior advan- 
tages 10 be derived from the homoeopathic method of in- 
vestigating the character of remedies. 

Even from the following brief detail of symptoms, 
the intelligent physician can perceive at once various 
forms of disease to which this remedy is applicable, 
and can employ it both with safety and certainty. It 
appears to have analogous action to nux vomica and 
veratrum, especially the latter. Ahvays regarding the 
fundamental law of homceopathia, the diseases to which 
elaterium appears to be adapted are,— bilious fevers, 
diarrha3as, especially after cholera ; cholera morbus ; 



ELATERIUM. 127 

intermittents ; rheumatism ; arthritis ; cephalalgia, 
especially connected with flatulence ; indigestion, and 
hepatic diseases ; and I have accordingly found it so 
in practice, as the cases detailed in the succeeding ap- 
pendix to this article will confirm. 



Incessant gaping, lasting for nearly an hour. 
Sharp, fugitive, or dull aching pains now here, now 
there. 

Pains mostly affecting the left side, but also the right. 
Chilliness with continued gaping, as if an attack of 
intermittent fever was approaching. 
5. Depression of spirits. 
Fear of some approaching disaster. 
Dull pain in the region of causality. 
Dull pains in the region of combativeness, right and 
left sides. 

Pains in the temples. 

10. Sticking as of a splinter, in the inner canthus of 
the left eye. 

Sticking pain near the rim of the cartilage of the left 
ear. 

Bitter taste in the mouth. 

A feeling as if the choana and upper part of the oeso- 
phagus was enlarged. 

Sharp pains at the lower part of the sternum, passing 
through to the spine or lower angle of the right shoulder 
blade. 

15. Rumbling of flatus, in the course of the coecum 
and colon. 

Dull pains in the bowels. 

Watery discharges from the bowels of a frothy cha- 
racter. 

Discharges of dark masses of bilious mucus. 

Dull olive green discharges. 

20. Costiveness. 

Dull pain in the epigastrium. 

Feeling of stricture or oppression at the epigastrium. 



128 



ELATERIUM. 



Cutting pains in the bowels, like the griping of medi- 
cine. 

Dull pain in the right hypochondrium. 

25, Constant nausea and disposition to vomit. 

Eructations of flatus. 

Pain of a dull aching, pressing kind over the crest of 
the right ilium, round to the back, extending deep into 
the pelvis. 

Bleeding of hsemorrhoidal tumours. 

Discharge of flatus^ per anum. 

30. Increased flow of limpid urine. 

Pains under the right shoulder blade. 

Pains in the left sterno-cleido-mastoideus muscle, 
near its insertion into the sternum. 

Fugitive sticking pains in the lumbar region, more on 
the right side. 

Sharp shooting pains in the left axilla, near the inser- 
tion of the pectoralis major muscle. 

35. Pains extending from the shoulder to the ends of 
the fingers, and shooting back, up to the elbow. 

Sharp sticking pains in the muscular parts of the 
thumb. 

Sharp sticking pains in the fingers of the left hand; 
out to their extremities. 

Dull pains in the right shoulder, forearm and hand, 
extending to the fingers. 

Shooting and also dull aching pains in the left thigh, 
in the course of the sciatic nerve, extending down to the 
instep, and out to the extremities of the toes. 

40. Pain in the right knee, extending into the instep 
and toes. 

Pain in the great toe of an arthritic nature. 



APPENDIX. 

Febris biliosa. , captain of a canal boat, who, 

in August, had passed through the Pennsylvania canals, 
was soon after attacked with fever, followed by cutting 



ELATERIUM. 129 

pains in the bowels, watery discharges, accompanied by- 
nausea and vomiting, was cured by two doses of the 
elaterium. Dose 10 pellets of the 2d dilution, 

Fehris biliosa, , a hand, on board the same 

canal boat, as the above case. Burning fever, cutting 
pains in the bowels, vomiting and purging of watery 
dejections. The same dose of elaterium w^as given, and 
the purging occurred but once after its use, and in the 
afternoon he had recovered so far as to leave the boat, 
and the next day was able to assist in his ordinary duties. 

Diarrhoea, Wm. Myers, was labouring under ascites 
and anasarca, during which he was attacked with 
watery diarrhoea, with cutting pains in the bowels ; two 
.doses of elaterium, ten pellets of the 2cl^ arrested the 
diarrhcea, and allayed the pain. Some weeks after, the 
symptoms again recurred, and the same remedy afforded 
similar relief. 

Diarrhoea. Mr. , had been partially relieved of 

cholera morbus, w4th cutting pains, vomiting and purg- 
ing of watery fluids, by veratrum. The diarrhoea con- 
tinued ; ejaterium, ten pellets of the 2d dilution, was 
given and repeated several times at intervals of two 
hours; a speedy cure w^as the result. 

Dysenteria biliosa. A child of Mr. Pleis, aged about 
5 years, soon after having passed safely through the 
measles, from exposure to damp weather was attacked 
with dysentery, presenting the following symptoms : 
Discharges very frequent, with much pain in the abdo- 
men, and constant urging to stool. The dejections 
partly composed of masses of dark green mucus, with 
portions of whitish mucus tinged with blood. Several 
apparently indicated remedies w^ere given, with but par- 
tial, if any relief. Elaterium, in the 2c? dilution, about 
twenty pellets to a wine-glassfull of water, and a tea- 
spoonful given every two hours, effected an entire cure. 

Cholera morbus. Thomas Myers was attacked with 
watery diarrhoea, which in a few hours terminated in 
violent cholera morbus. It was apparently produced by 
standing on the damp ground after great bodily exertion. 



130 ELATERIUM. 

The symptoms were violent cutting pains in the bowels, 
recurring at intervals often or fifteen minutes ; frequent 
stools of a watery nature, with vomiting; the disease 
had lasted all ni^ht ; and the next morning until 11 
o'clock, when I saw him; he had used cayenne pepper 
and whiskey externally, and several drops of oil of 
camphor internally without relief. Veratrum in the 3d 
dilution, ten pellets given on the tongue, failed. In half 
an hour after taking the elaterium in the same manner, 
ten pellets of ^the 2d, he was relieved and fell asleep; 
vomiting ceased. The remedy was repeated several 
times on account of the diarrhoea. After three or four 
stools without pain, he was entirely cured by the middle 
of the afternoon, and went to his ordinary avocations 
next morning. 

Cholera morbus. Miss aged about 25 years, 

was attacked with cholera morbus, cutting pains in the 
abdomen, fluid stools, nausea and vomiting, accom- 
pained with a feeling of oppression, stricture and pain in 
the epigastrium, and difficult breathing; a single dose of 
the elateriiuTi in the 2d relieved her entirely. She had 
been previously subject to the oppression at the epigas- 
trium, which appeared to arise from indigestion. She 
has been always relieved by the elaterium^ a few pellets 
of the 2d dilution^ being given. 

Fehris intermittens. Mr. , aged about 56 years, 

had been labouring under quartan ague for six weekS; 
the paroxysms occurring at about 12 o'clock, M.; when 
an attack resembling cholera morbus supervened, and I 
was called to visit him. He laboured under a severe 
and copious discharge of frothy fluid matter, frequently 
dejected from the bowels, with cutting pains at intervals, 
and vomiting; veratrum 3d was given with partial re- 
lief to the violent symptoms. Elaterium 2dy at intervals 
of two or three hours, effected an entire cure of the 
symptoms of cholera, in a few hours, and when the pro- 
per period arrived for the recurrence of his ague, he 
found he was also cured of that, and has remained well. 

Fehris intermittens, Mrs. , aged 35 years, had 



ELATERIUM. 131 

laboured under a very obstinate tertian ague for about 
five years, which she had contracted while residing in 
Virginia. It was suppressed at intervals by sulph. qui- 
nine, in large doses, but always recurred at longer or 
shorter periods. When the chills were suppressed she 
was generally attacked with urticaria, over the whole 
surface, and she frequently w^as afflicted with a disordered 
state of mind, characterized by an irresistible propensity 
to w^ander from home, even in the night, and range in 
the woods, &c. The symptoms, when I was called to 
treat her, were as follows : chill every third day, twice 
in the day, continuing two hours ; pains in the head ; 
under the shoulder blades ; in the left side ; in the calves 
of the legs and small of the back ; yawning and gaping 
w^ith a sound resembUni?: the neii>;hino: of a horse ; run- 
ning at the nose ; cramps in the legs and soles of the 
feet.' The chill was followed by high fever, which 
ended in copious perspiration. 

The elaterium cured the ague perfectly after other of 
the apparently adapted remedies had failed. Dose ten 
pellets of the 2c?, every three hours, repeated for some 
days, during which there were several recurring pa- 
roxysms. 

tfrticaria. After the ague had subsided in the above 
case, urticaria appeared, w^ith tendency of mind above 
stated, a continuance of the elaterium for a few days en- 
tirely and permanently removed this latter affection and 
she has had no recurrence. 

About tw^enty minutes after taking the medicine it 
produced a great heat under the shoulder blades, and 
free spitting of large lumps of yellow matter, apparently 
from the stomach. This lady found that when she took 
large doses of the elaterium, about fifty pellets of the 2rf, 
or one-third of a teaspoonfuL it acted on the bow^els, 
overcame costiveness and aggravated the gaping. 

My friend, Dr. Jeanes, has used the elaterium at my 
suggestion, and has kindly furnished me with the follow- 
ing cases of intermittent fever. 

'' Febris intermittens tertiana, J. Houston, aged 28 



132 ELATERIUM. 

years, had first quotidian ague, which was repeatedly 
suppressed for a few days by Rowand's Tonic Mixture, 
until the medicine appeared no longer to exert any con- 
trol over the disease, which at the time of his calling 
upon me was of the tertain type. 

The paroxysms were preceded by much gaping, and 
were attended by much thirst, with pain in the abdomen, 
and great pain in the extremities, darting down into the 
fingers and toes. Three powders, each containing a 
drop of the 3d dilution, were given, to be taken before 
the next paroxysm, at intervals of twelve hours. The 
first paroxysm after the medicine, was less severe than 
those before, and the next, which was thelast, was very 
shght. Since that time, now more than three months, 
he has remained free from the disease. 

Febris intermittens quotidiana, T. M. C, aged 30 
years. Intermittent fever contracted eighteen months 
since in Virginia, and suppressed every one,j two or 
three weeks, by the use or abuse of quinine. 

Paroxysms preceded by headache, soreness of the 
limbs ; pains in the bowels ; continued gaping and 
stretching. In the chill, slightly increased pain in the 
head and limbs. In the fever, violent tearing pains 
throughout the head, but most in the region of bene- 
volence ; increased pain in the bowels and extremities ; 
the pains shoot to the very tips of the fingers and toes, 
and then shoot back into the body; the thirst intense. 
In the sweat, all the symptoms gradually subside. Access 
at one o'clock, P. M. 

A dose of elaterium, eight pellets of the 2d dilution^ 
in the evening after the cessation of the sweat, and an- 
other of the same in the morning, was followed by a 
severe paroxysm, but presenting considerable variation 
from those which preceded the employment of the me- 
dicine. The next paroxysm was very light, and the 
third and last was barely perceptible. No other doses 
than the two above mentioned were given." 

Icterus neonatorum. — The author of this article was 
called to see the child of Mrs. Wallace, about the third 



ELATERIUM, 133 

day after its birth. It was afflicted with jaundice ; the 
skin over the whole body of an orange yellow ; the 
whites of the eyes deeply tinged ; the urine stahied the 
diaper, and the stools were bilious. One pellet of the 
2d dilution^ three times a day, was given for three or 
four days, when a rapid and permanent cure resulted. 

Colicafiatulenta, Mr. George K , aged 84 years, 

while labouring under an attack of obstinate diarrhoea, 
for which he was treated homoeopathically and was re- 
lieved by other remedies, suffered from a flatulent colic 
which supervened, and was attended with borborigmus, 
and severe pain in the lov>'er part of the abdomen. He 
was speedily relieved by a few pellets of the 2d dilution 
dissolved in a wineglass of water, Rnd a teaspoonful 
given every hour. 

Colica jiafMlenta, A child of ]\Irs. Evans, aged 
five years, attacked with cramp-like pains in the abdo- 
men and chest, accompanied with costiveness, was cured 
by taking a few doses of the pellets of the 2d dilution,, 
of elaterium. Warm watery injections were, however, 
used in aid of the remedy. 

Rheumatismus sciatica, A. , aged about 25 

years, was attacked with this disease, characterized by 
tearing and gnawing pains in the hips and thighs, deeply 
seated. She was relieved completely in two days, by 
the elaterium. The dose was five pellets of the 2d 
dilution^ three times a day. 

Biliary calculi. Miss B. aged about 60, applied 
to me to relieve a pain in the right hypochondrium, and 
dull pain in the epigastrium. She used the 2d dilution, 
in the form of pellets three times a day. After some days 
she discharged from the bowels a considerable quantity 
of a gravelly substance, which was readily discernable 
after washing the faeces with water ; this continued for 
several days, with great relief to the patient and a re- 
moval of the pains preceding the occurrence. 

Indigestion. — Jas. Le Count, aged about 70 years, 
was attacked with bitter taste in the mouth, dull pain in 

12 



134 ELATERIUM. 

the epigastrium ; pains in the head, especially in the re- 
gion of corabativeness on both sides, with dull pains in 
the temples ; nausea. He was completely cured by a 
single dose of elaterium, 2d dilution^ ten pellets. 

JYeuralgia. Mrs. T , of Baltimore, was attacked 

with paralysis of the left side, accompanied with acute 
neuralgic pains in the right side, extreme pain in the 
right temple, shoulder, arm and over the crest of the 
right OS ilium and down the thighs; with bitter taste in 
the mouth ; suppression of urine ; rheumatic pain and 
swelling of the right knee of a sub-acute nature. During 
her treatment for this complaint, purging and vomiting 
occurred, which was relieved by veratrum, but the neu- 
ralgic pains and suppression of urine were decidedly re- 
lieved by the elaterium, 2d dilution^ fifteen pellets in a 
wineglass of water, and a teaspoonful given every two 
hours. 

Many other cases of the various diseases above stated 
might be given, but it was deemed unnecessary to swell 
this article by repetitions of similar details. Enough it 
is hoped has been presented to show that the elaterium 
is a remedy of great value, and deserving of a more ela- 
bor.ate investigation. 



\ 



EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 135 



EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 

BY W. WILLIAMSON, M. D. 

Synon, Eupatorium connatum ; Eupatorium vir- 
ginianum; Eupatorium foliis connatis tomentosis. 

Vulcro, Bone-set; Thorough-wort ; Thorough stem; 
Cross-wort; Thorough-wax; Vegetable Antimony; 
Indian sage ; Ague-weed ; Joe-pye. 

German, Durchwachsener Wasserdost. 

JYat, Syst. Juss, Corymbiferse. 

JYat, Ord, Lin, Compositee discoidese. 

Art, Syst, Lin. — Class. Syngenesia. 

Order. Polygamia aequalis. 

Gen. Char. — Calyx oblong, imbricate or rarely sim- 
ple ; scales linear-lanceolate, erect, unequal, unarmed. 

CoroL Compound, uniform, discoid ; florets all uni- 
form, perfect, fertile, monopetalous, funnel-shaped, with 
a regular five-cleft spreading border. 

Stam. Filaments five, capillary very short ; anthers 
united into a cylindrical tube. 

Pist, Germ minute ; style thread-shaped, very 
long, much exsert, cloven half way down, slender, 
bluntish, straight. 

Peric. None, except the permanent calyx. 

Seeds. SoHtary, oblong, five-striate, smooth and 
glandular; down long, rough or feathery. 

Recep, Naked. 

Spec. Char. — Leaves connate-perfoliate, broadest 
at the base, oblong-serrate, acuminate, rugose, rough, 
narrow above, tomentose beneath, decussate ; the two 
or three upper pairs of leaves are sessile ; under surface 
paler than the upper ; stem villous^ erect, round, from 
two to four feet high, and divided towards the top into 



136 EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 

decussating branches, of a greyish-green colour, but 
often purplish towards the base. Flowers terminal, 
white, in fastigiate corymbs on vshort hairy peduncles ; 
florets twelve or fourteen in number. Anthers deep 
blue or black. Seeds black, pappus pilose. The 
root is perennial, and grows nearly horizontal. Blooms 
from the latter end of July to the beginning of Novem- 
ber, and grows throughout North America, in meadows 
and other low grounds, along the course of small streams, 
&c. ; generally in small patches, but occasionally cover- 
ing an acre or more of ground. 

The genus is called Eupatorium, in honour of Mith- 
ridates, surnamed Eupator, who is said to have dis- 
covered the original plant, and used it as an antidote 
against poisons. 

There are about seventy species of Eupatorium 
enumerated by Botanists, thirty-three of which number 
are indigenous to North America. 

The leaves and the flowers are the parts of the plant 
generally used for medicinal purposes and mostly in the 
form of tincture, made with some spirituous menstruum, 
by which its active properties appear to be fully ex- 
tracted. Alleopathists frequently use it in decoction, 
cold infusion, or in powder. 

It emits a faint odour, and possesses an exceedingly 
bitter and somewhat peculiar taste. 

Chemically, Eupatorium perfohatum contains a free 
acid, tannin, a bitter extractive matter, a gummy matter, 
resin, nitrogen, lime probably in the state of acetate, 
gallic acid, a resiniform matter soluble in water and 
alcohol containing a bitter principle. It yields a sali- 
fiable base, which forms, with sulphuric acid, crystals of 
a prismatic shape, and tasteless, called Eupatoria. 

This, like many other indigenous plants, has been 
extolled for a time for its medicinal virtues, and then 
in its turn passed by with indifference, or perhaps re- 
jected on account of the extravagant encomiums be- 
stowed upon it by its advocates. Notwithstanding the 
vacillating course of the profession generally in relation 



EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 137 

to its merits, there ever have been' highly respecta- 
ble practitioners who have appreciated its real worth, 
and considered it one of the most useful articles of the 
Materia Medica. 

The various classifications of the eupatorium by 
different writers, manifest its diversified acdon. We 
find it associated with tonics, stimulants, diaphoretics, 
emetics, cathartics, diuretics, astringents, deobstruents, 
&c. &c. ; and accordingly we hear of its effective 
agency in the cure of intermittent and remittent fevers, 
yellow fever, spotted fever, typhus fever, typhoid pneu- 
monia, rheumatism, gout, catarrhs, influenza, dropsy, 
dyspepsia, cutaneous diseases, &c. 

It is said to have been very successful in the treat- 
ment of a peculiar herpetic disease, affecting the anus 
and adjacent parts, as the scrotum and thighs, and also 
sometimes extending its ravages to the rectum ; ende- 
mic along James River, in Virginia, and from that 
circumstance called the James River ring-worm. 

A wine-glassfuU of the expressed juice of the plant 
taken every hour, and the bruised leaves applied to 
the part, is celebrated as a cure for the bite of the rattle 
snake. 

Nearly half a century ago there prevailed throuo;hout 
the United States, but particularly in the state of Penn- 
sylvania, a peculiar epidemic, which, from the con- 
stancy of the attending symptom of pain in the bones, 
was called hr^ak hone fever. The Eupatorium perfolia- 
tum, although a diaphoretic, so signally relieved the 
disease, notwithstanding copious perspiration was a 
frequent attendant, that it w^as familiarly called hone-set; 
a common name, by w^hich it is still extensively known. 

This herb is one of the remedies, and perhaps the 
principal one employed by the aborigines of this coun- 
try, in the treatment of intermittent fevers, and hence 
another of the common names by which it is known 
among us — " ague-weed," — w^hich corresponds to the 
Indian name. 

In miasmatic districts, along rivers, at fisheries, on 

12* 



138 EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 

marshes and their several neighbourhoods, where inter- 
mittent and. remittent fevers have prevailed epidemi- 
cally, the eupatorium has been a favourite remedy with 
the most successful practitioners, as well as a deservedly 
popular one in the hands of the people ; very often 
superceding the necessity of calling in medical aid, 
especially where such aid could not readily be ob- 
tained. 

In all cases of low typhoid disease, attended with hot, 
dry skin, it is reputed to be an estimable medicine. 

It was used with great success in an epidemic of 
influenza, and lake fever, which prevailed a few" years 
ago in the neighbourhood of Lake Ontario. 

In 1812 it was substituted for peruvian bark in the 
treatment of intermittent fevers in the New York Alms- 
house, and with uniform success. 

When physicians of the old school wish to have the 
tonic (?) effect of eupatorium, they give the powdered 
leaves and flowers in substance, or if they wish to pro- 
duce diaphoresis, they give it in decoction, and increase 
the dose in order to procure emesis. 

It is remarkable, that the Eupatorium perfoliatum, 
when given in large doses, produces very copious dia- 
'phoresis^ and yet one of the indications for its use in the 
treatment of intermittent fevers, homoeopathically, ap- 
pears to be inconsiderable perspiration. 

Those symptoms in the following enumeration not 
accredited to any authority, are to be understood as be- 
longing to the writer of this monograph. 



Compare with: Arn., Cham., Merc, Natr. mur., 
Rhus tox.. Tar. em. It alternates well with Natr. 
mur., in intermittent fevers. 

The cases in which this medicine promises the greatest 
usefulness appear to be : 

Headache, arising from disordered stomach. 

Nervous headache — hemicrania. 



EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 139 

Fevers, attended with gastric derangement. 

Intermittent fever, especially when the paroxysm 
occurs in the morning. 

Remittent fever, of miasmatic origin or typhoid 
character. 

Bilious fever. 

Rheumatic affections, accompanied by perspiration, 
and soreness of the bones. 

Gouty affections. 

Cachectic condition of the system from long con- 
tinued or frequent attacks of bilious and intermittent 
fevers. 

Indigestion of old people. 

Dyspepsia. 

Loss of appetite. 

General debility. 

Bronchitis. 

Tardy developement of eruptive diseases, and espe- 
cially measles. 

Nocturnal cough, particularly after the eruptive stage 
of measles. 

Dropsical affections. 

Influenza, w^ith weakness of the pulse and great pros- 
tration of the system. 

Influenza of old people and inebriates. 

HEAD. — Headache with the sensation of soreness 
internally ; better in the house ; aggravated w^hen first 
going intu the open air; reUeved by conversation. 

Pain extending from the forehead to the occiput ; 
greatest in the left side. 

^ Throbbing headache. [JVeidhard,) 

* Headache and sick stomach, every other morning 
when first getting awake, which continues all day, with 
loss of appetite daring the headache, but good appetite 
on the intervening day. 

5. Beating pain in the nape and occiput ; better after 
rising. 

* Pain in the occiput^after lying, with the sensation of 



140 EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 

a great weight in the part, requiring the assistance of 
the hands to lift it. 

Darting pains through the temples, with the sensa- 
tion of blood rushing across the head. 

* Distress on the top and in the back part of the 
head. 

* Shooting pains from the left to the right side of the 
head. 

10. * Painful soreness in the right parietal protu- 
berance. 

Heat on the top of the head, with pain, which is re- 
lieved by pressure. 

* Thumping in the side of the head, above the right 
ear. 

* Soreness and beating in the back part of the head. 
EYES. — Soreness of the eye-balls. 

15. * Intolerance of light. 

Redness of margins of the lids, with glutinous secre- 
tion from the meibomian glands. 

Increased lacrymation. 

^ Pain and soreness in the left eye-ball. 

NOSE. — ^ Flov/ing coryza. 

20. * Sneezing. 

FACE. — "^ Sickly, sallow countenance. 

Flushed face. 

Redness of the cheeks, with dry skin. 

MOUTH. — Paleness of the mucous membrane of the 
mouth. 

25. * Tongue coated, yellow." [JSTeidhard.) 

Tongue covered with white fur. 

* Sores in the corners of the mouth. 
THROAT.— Dryness of the throat. 

* Soreness of fauces, with catarrh. 
APPETITE.— 30. Insipid taste in the mouth. 

* Tastelessness of food. [JVeidhard,) 

* Want of appetite. {JYeidhard,) 
Loss of an' elite. 

Distaste for food. 

35. Nocturnal thirst for something cold. 



EUPATOraUM PERFOLIATUM. 141 

Thirst for cold water. 

Desire for ice cream. 

STOMACH.— Belching of tasteless wind, ^^th a 
feeling of obstruction at the pit of the stomach. 

Sensation of something in the stomach that ought to 
come up, without the ability to raise it. 

40. General shuddering, proceeding from the 
stomach. 

Sensation of fulness in the stomach. 

Beating in the epigastrium in the night. 

Heat in the stomach. 

Nausea and vomiting of food. 

45. * Vomiting imynediately after drinldng. 

Vomiting 2^Teceded hy thirst. 

^ Vomiting of bile^ with tremblings attended hy pain 
in the epigastrium^ with nausea and extreme prostration^ 
almost syncope. 

Distressing disposition to vomit. 

Nausea and vomiting with free perspiration, and 
copious expectoration. 

50. Qualmishness from odours ; the smell of food 
cooking, &c. 

ABDOMEN. — * Soreness around the waist. 

Tight clothing is oppressive. 

Soreness and fulness in the region of the liver. 

Tightness in the left hypoehondrium. 

BOWELS.— 55. * Constipation. 

* Costiveness attending catarrh. 

Purging stools, with smarting and heat in the anus. 

Tenesmus, with a small discharge of loose stool. 

Morning diarrhoea. 

60. Four or five w^atery stools in the day. 

URINE. — Urine scanty, and high coloured. 

Copious evacuation of limpid urine. 

^ Dark brown scanty urine, depositing a whitish clay 
like sediment ; voided but once in twenty-four hours. 

Dark coloured clear urine. 

65. ^ Itching of tKe mons veneris. 

LARYNX. — * Hoarseness, with roughness in the 
voice. 



142 EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 

Hacking cough in the evening. 
Cough, with soreness and heat in the bronchia. 
Cough, aggravated in the evening. 
70. * Hectic cough from suppressed intermittent 
fever. 

* Nocturnal loose cough. 

* Hoarse rough cough, with scraping in the bron- 
chia. 

* Violent cough, with soreness in the chest. 

* Cough, with flushed face and tearful eyes — the 
patient supports his chest with the hands. 

75. ^ Cough preceding measles. 

^ Cough following measles. 

^ Disposition to cough, wuth dyspnoea. 

CHEST. — * Dyspnoea very great, obliging the pa- 
tient to lie with his head and shoulders very high. 

^ Difficulty of breathing, attended wdth perspiration, 
and anxious countenance ; with sleepiness. 

80. * Painful irritation of the pulmonary organs, 
with heat in the chest. 

Aching pain under the left breast. 

Inability to lie on the left side. 

Soreness in the chest, from taking a full inspiration. 

* Deep-seated pain in the left side and in the right 
shoulder. 

85. Grating sensation in the chest, at every deep in- 
spiration. 

TRUNK. — Weakness in the small of the back. 

Deep-seated pain in the loins, w^ith soreness from 
motion. 

Eain in the back, as from a bruise. 

Beating pain in the nape. 

* Pain in the back and lower extremities. ^ 
UPPER EXTREMTITES.— 90. Soreness and ach- 
ing in the arms and forearms. 

Stiffiiess of the arms. 

Painful soreness in both wrists, as if broken or dis- 
located. 



EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 143 

Stiffness of the fingers, with obtuseness of the sense 
of touch. 

* Heat in the palms of the hands, sometimes with 
moisture. 

LOWER EXTREMITIES.— 95. * Pain in a spot 
not larger than a pea, over the left hip, with soreness. 

Pain, with extreme sensitiveness in the left glutei 
muscles, passing round in front of the trochanter major. 

* Burning in the skin, on the inner side of the thighs 
of a female. 

* Flagging of the muscles of the left thigh, as if they 
were falhng off the bone. 

* Gouty inflammation of the left knee and the right 
elbow. The pains are worse from 10 o'clock, A. M., 
until 4 o'clock, P. M. 

100. Pain and soreness of the upper part of the left 
foot, with increased sensibihty of the left big toe. 

The pain in the foot is increased by standing upon it. 

Stiffness, and general soreness of the lower extremi- 
ties, when rising to walk. 

Calves of the legs feel as if they had been beaten. 

* Soreness and sweUing of both feet when standing 
on them, in a goaty subject. 

105. Pain in the first joint of the left great toe which 
suddenly moves to the corresponding joint of the right 
one. 

Pricking in the soles of the feet. 

Aching pain in the right hip, while sitting. 

"^ Lameness in the right hip and lower extremity, 
when walking. 

Soreness and aching of the lower limbs. 

110. ^ Throbbino; in the rio^ht foot. 

* Rheumatic pain on the inside of the left knee. 

* Dropsical swelling of both feet and ankles. 
Heat in the soles of the feet in the morning. 
FEVER. — Intermittent fever, quotidian, tertian and 

quartan. 

115. The paroxysm generally commences in the 
morning. Thirst several hours before the chilly which 
continues during the chill and heat. 



144 EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 

Chilliness through the night, and in the morning, with 
nausea, from the least motion. 

Aching pain and soreness, as if from having been 
beaten in the calves of the legs, small of the back and 
in the arms, above and below the elbows. 

^ Flushed face and dry hot skin, during the fever. 

* Chill at 7 o'clock in the morning, preceded by 
thirst, and attended with moisture of the hands. 

120. ^ Vomiting at the CGiidusion of the chill, 
^ Fever, accompanied with sleep and moaning, and 
followed by shght perspiration. 

* The patient continues lying after the fever goes off. 

* Nausea and sickness of the stomach, at the com- 
mencement of the heat, w^ith violent throbbing headache. 
[JSTeidhard.) 

^ Chill in the mornings heat during the rest of the 
day, and slight perspiration in the evening. {JYeidhard,) 

125. * Intermittent fever w^ith a heavy chill, early in 
the morning of one day, and a light chill about noon the 
next day, and so on successively. 

^ Headache and trembling during the heat. 

^ Chill preceded by pain above the right ilium, with 
thirst and a disposition to yawn. 

^ Pain in the hones early in the morning before the 
paroxysm, 

* The chill is induced or hastened by taking a drink 
of water. 

130. ^ Headache, back ache and thirst during the 
chill. 

* JYausea as the chill goes of. 

* Increased headache, but diminished thirst, during 
the heat. 

Aching in the bones of the extremities^ icith soreness of 
thefiesh, 

^ Coldness w^ith a great deal of trembUng, attended 
with nausea. 

135. Chilliness^ with excessive trembling and nausea, 

* Internal trembling, with external heat. 



EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 145 

Chilliness in the morning, heat throughout the rest of 
the day, but no perspiration. 

* Coldness and stinging or pricking, as from pins, in 
both feet at the commencement of the chill. 

* Aching in the bones of the extremities, in the latter 
part of the chill, and in the beginning of the heat. 

140. The patient feels worse in the morning of one 
day, and in the afternoon of the next. 

Nocturnal sweat with chilliness, from motion or remo- 
val of the covering. 

* The thirst frequently commences in the night pre- 
vious to the chill, in tertian ague. 

* Chill begins at 9 o'clock in the morning. 
^ Stiffness of the fingers during the chill. 
145. Soreness in the bones. 

* Aching pain with moaning throughout the cold 
stage. 

* A greater amount of shivering during the chilly than 
is warranted hy the degree of coldness. 

Retching and vomiting of bile. 
Vomiting after every draught, 
150. ^ Vomiting ai the conclusion of tlie chill. 
"^ Distressing pain in the scrobiculus cordis, through- 
out the chill and heat. 

^ Throbbing headache during the chill and heat. 

* Violent pain in the head and back, before the chill. 
^ Inconsiderable perspiration or none at all, after the 

hot stage. 

155. * Fever in the forenoon, preceded by thirst 
early in the morning, but no chill ; attended by fatigue- 
ing cough, and not followed by perspiration. 

"^ Loose cough in the intermission. 

^ Cough in the night previous to- the paroxysm. 

"^ Great weakness and prostration during the fever, 
with faintness from motion. 

^ The patient cannot raise his head from the pillow, 
.while the fever lasts. 

160. Trembling in the back during fever. 

13 



146 EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 

* The heat goes off by moderate perspiration, during 
sleep in the evening. 

^ Thirst throughout the night before the paroxysm, 
in tertian ague. Thirst several hours before the chill. 

* The thirst continues during the chill and heat, with 
vomiting after each draught of water. 

165. ^ Vomiting of bile at the close of the hot stage. 

* Inconsiderable perspiration after the fever. 

* Coldness during nocturnal perspiration. ._\ 
Chilliness from motion. 

Pungent heat attending the perspiration at night. 
170. Alternate chilliness and flashes of heat. 

* Fever, with despondency of mind, morbid sen- 
sitiveness of the skin, and sleeplessness. 



APPENDIX. 

I have observed the most decided effects from the 
Eupatorium perfoliatum, in the treatment of certain cases 
of intermittent fever ; in two of w^hich the following 
symptoms were present : violent thirst before the chill, and 
slight during it ; nausea and sicknCvSS of the stomach, 
(in one case vomiting) at the commencement of the 
heat, with violent throbbing headache ; tastelessness of 
food ; want of appetite ; tongue coated yellow ; the chills 
set in in the morning, and lasted for one or two hours ; 
heat during the rest of the day, and slight perspiration 
in the evening; type tertian. In one case the sulph. of 
quinine had been administered, without preventing the 
recurrence of the paroxysms. 

I gave in the apyrexia gtt. 3 of the tinct. eup. p., in 
water, every hour, which produced no aggravation, a 
slight headache excepted, and prevented the return of 
the next attack permanently. {JYeidhard,) 

Case 1. I was called to Mrs. S , who lived in a 

miasmatic district, on the 19th of November, 1841. Ir- 
regular quotidian. The chill generally began at nine 



EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 147 

o'clock, in the morning, and lasted four hours, when the 
heat commenced, and continued about seven hours, and 
was seldom followed by perspiration. The next day there 
was a lighter paroxysm, which usually commenced at 
twelve o'clock, and ceased about the same time in the 
evening, as the heavier one on the day preceding. The 
paroxysms continued to occur thus alternately with but 
little variation for the space of twenty-three days, not- 
withstanding my unceasing efforts to arrest them by the 
administration of a number of remedies. 

On the twelfth of December, the following symptoms 
were present : — chill commenced at nine o'clock in the 
morning, and lasted four hours, attended with a great 
deal of shivering and trembling ; raging thirst before the 
chill, and during the chill and heat ; vomiting of whatever 
was taken into the stomach, and of bile, with distressing 
pain in the epigastrium ; distracting headache during the 
heat ; fever ceased about eight o'clock in the evening, 
and was followed by inconsiderable perspiration. Eup. 
p. 1, in water, a teaspoonful every hour in the apyrexia, 
cured the case, without the recurrence of another pa- 
roxysm. 

Case 2. Mrs. B. R. M , living near the Schuyl- 
kill river, of bilious diathesis. A case of tertian ague. 
Chill at nine o'clock in the morning, which lasted an 
hour and a half; thirst in the night before the chill; 
raging thirst during the chill and heat ; violent head- 
ache throughout the paroxysm ; some perspiration ; retch- 
ing and vomiting during the chill, immediately after 
drinking; vomiting of bile. Eup, per. 1, five drops in 
as many teaspoonfuls of water, of which she took a tea- 
spoonful every two hours on the alternate day. Early 
on the morning of the expected chill, eup. per. tinct. 
gtt. iv. in eight teaspoonfuls of water, a teaspoonful every 
hour. The paroxysm did not return. This patient had 
been subject to frequent attacks of intermittent fever 
for several years, and had ahvays suppressed them with 
sulph. of quinine, but since the above attack, now a pe- 



14S EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 

riod of nearly four years, she has had no return of the 
disease. 

Case 3. M. P , a girl of 14 years of age, living 

in the neighbourhood of Fairmount. Tertian intermit- 
tent fever. Thirst before the chill ; became stretchy 
and looked pale at nine o'clock in the morning ; felt 
cold and chilly, but did not shake ; walked about the 
house crouched up ; was very thirsty during the chill 
and heat, but took only a little sup of water at a time ; 
headache and tiembling during the heat, the coldness 
lasted an hour, and the heat about two hours ; followed 
by very little perspiration. Eup. per. tinct. a few drops 
in water; dose, a teaspoonful every three hours. Cured. 

Case 4. A. P , sister to the last patient, and 

living in the same house. At eight o'clock in the 
morning was attacked with pain above the right ilium, 
thirst and a disposition to yawn ; fingers became stiff, 
with slight coldness ; upon taking a drink of water, 
shuddering commenced immediately ; chill lasted two 
hours and a half; headache, backache, and thirst dur- 
ing the chill; nausea as the chill was going off; the 
the headache was increased, but the thirst was dimi- 
nished during the heat ; sensation of great weakness dur- 
ing the fever, so much so, that she could not raise her 
head from the pillow ; trembling in the back, with faint- 
ness from motion, during the fever. The fever termi- 
nated by moderate perspiration during sleep in the even- 
ing. She felt pain in her bones early in the morning 
before the attack. Eup. per. tinct. in w^ater, a tea- 
spoonful every three hours. Had but the one paroxysm. 

Case 5. T. R— — , had tertian ague, for two weeks 
before I saw him. Sickly, sallow countenance ; chill 
at eight o'clock in the morning ; thirst throughout the 
night previous to the chill ; thirst during the chill and 
heat, and vomiting immediately after each draught of 
w^ater; vomiting of bile at the close of the hot stage, 
which was followed by inconsiderable perspiration. 
Eup. per. tinct. in water, a teaspoonful every three hours. 
[Williamson,) 



EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 149 

" This herb, (Eupatorium perfoliatum,^) it is known, 
derived its domestic name of boneset, from its prompt 
manner of relieving pains in the limbs, and general mus- 
cular system, which attended a peculiar form of febrile 
disease, which prevailed many years ago in the northern 
parts of America. It was this fact, together with the 
knowledge of the remarkable combination of properties 
possessed by it^ which led to the suggestion of its em- 
ployment in epidemic influenza ; and nothing could be 
more marked and satisfactory than the prompt manner 
in which it answered the expectations, which had been 
formed of it in this respect. The pain in the back and 
limbs, and the lassitude of the general muscular system, 
subsided so soon as the system was placed under its in- 
fluence ; its immediate and salutary operation in this 
w^ay at once prominently exhibiting its great value in the 
treatment of disease. But its curative agency was not 
confined to this effect alone ; for blended wdth this 
prompt action on the nervous system — for we can in no 
other w^ay account for its speedy removal of the pains, 
and the general muscular prostration, except by referring 
its operation to the nervous system, — the Eupatorium per- 
foliatum united in its operation, other qualities, each one 
eminently adapted to fulfil some important indication in 
the treatment of the disease in question. Among the 
first of these we shall name its diaphoretic powers. The 
sudorific influence of this herb, is of that peculiar cha- 
racter which eminently fitted it for employment under 
the circumstances. For, in this disease, the skin was 
not unfrequently imbued with perspiration. But, pro- 
bably, from a peculiar condition of the cutaneous sur- 
face, the sweating was of a morbid character, a sort of 
passive excretion, resulting apparently from a lax condi- 
tion of the skin, which was always under such circum- 
stances pale, and morbidly sensitive. This state of the 
cutaneous surface, particularly its morbid sensitiveness, 

* American Jour, of Med. Sci., April 1844^ p. 364. 
13^ 



l5(J EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 

in no small number of cases, constituted a curious, and 
not a little distressing, attendant on the disease. 

The Eupatorium perfoliatum not only induced a 
healthy and free perspiratory discharge, but promptly 
altered the condition of the skin, restoring its natural 
hue, and rendering its texture firm and healthy; and the 
unpleasant alternations of chilliness with flushes of heat 
were replaced by an agreeable glow of the general sur- 
face. So soon as this diaphoresis was induced, together 
with the relief already mentioned as occurring, the dis- 
\")osition to cough subsided and there was an immediate 
amelioration of all the pulmonary symptoms. The sub- 
sidence of the cough, the renew^al of the dyspnoea, and 
that painful irritation of the pulmonary organs, which in 
many cases seem to have extended to the remotest air 
vesicles of the lungs, w-ere more directly due to the me- 
dicine administered after the method adopted by us, be- 
coming a prompt and efficacious expectorant. Indeed, 
we know of no article or combination to be preferred to 
it as an expectorant in the disease under consideration. 
Together with the properties already m.entioned, this 
medicine has further proved itself sufficiently aperient 
for the treatment of most cases of epidemic influenza. 
After the commencement of the treatment it was rarely 
found necessary to use any other cathartic,'and not then, 
except in those cases in which the constipation of the 
bowels had been persistent, or where the head was un- 
usually affected." 

"Its tonic property is the remaining one which we shall 
point out, as particularly adapting this medicine to the 
treatment of certain cases of epidemic influenza. It 
certainly is a great desideratum, in the management of 
this disease, in aged subjects, where there is such a 
tendency to prostration long before any impression is 
made on the violence of the attack, to have a remedy 
which, with due evacuant powers adequate to the re- 
moval of all the symptoms, unites a tonic influence suffi- 
cient to support the general strength, and to maintain 
at the same time the integrity of the circulatory func- 



EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 151 

tions. The admirable association of its tonic with its 
other properties, creates in the Eiipatorium perfoliatiim 
such an agent, and endows it with an advantage over 
all articles or combinations, in the management of the 
disease under these circumstances. Indeed, when the 
disease w^as treated from the first with this medicine, 
the cold infusion alternated w'ith the warm, according 
to the circumstances of the case, and the amount of pros- 
tration present — no case occurred where more decided 
stimulants or tonics were required; and we are convinced 
that the former preparation of this herb is the very best 
article of this class, not only to prevent, but to overcome 
when existing, the prostration so frequently supervening 
upon this disease in old persons. Nor were its salutary 
powers in this w^ay confined alone to the aged. It has 
never, we believe, been noticed before, — and hence 
w^hether it is universally the case or not w^e have no 
means of judging, — but it is certain that the coloured 
population with us suffered in a peculiar manner from 
this disease. In almost every case from its very com- 
mencement, it assumed a marked and curiously asthe- 
nic character ; yet upon the whole it Vv'as not more 
formidable, nor more difficult of management, than the 
same disorder in the white subjects." 

''In these cases it seemed to expend its force upon the 
nervous system, producing a dispondency of mind, a 
depression of the vascular, and a prostration of the mus- 
cular systems, ^vholly disproportioned to all the other 
symptoms. It was no unusual occurrence, after a negro 
had staggered into the office as though he were intoxi- 
cated, and stated his case with a gloomy presentiment 
of evil, to find upon examination a prostration of the 
pulse really startling, while the pulmonary symptoms 
were trifling ; and the bowels were free from the mor- 
bid contamination ; in fact, the pain in the back and 
limbs, the remarkable and extreme lassitude of the mus- 
cular system, and the uneasiness about the head, being 
the only symptoms for which he sought relief. It was 
surprising how soon a few doses of the infusion of 



152 EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 

boneset, administered solely with a view to secure its 
tonic and aperient effects, w^ould remove this state of 
things. There is yet another class of cases, to which 
this property of the herb, from its peculiar association, 
render it particularly applicable. The disease occur- 
ring in the habitually inebriate, induces a train of mor- 
bid effects in the highest degree embarrassing, and for 
the treatment of which we found nothing so salutary as 
its cold infusion, combined with the tincture or infusion 
of hops, according as the nature of the case required 
sedation." 

" Manner of administration, — In the severest cases, 
where it is determined to treat the disease with the 
herb alone, the patient, after being covered in bed, w^as 
induced to swallow a wine-glassful! of the infusion, 
prepared by infusing an ounce of the dried leaves in a 
pint of boiling water, warm, every half hour. After the 
fourth or fifth dose, considerable nausea, sometimes 
vomiting, with free diaphoresis ensued, and there was 
an immediate amelioration of all the symptoms. Along 
wdth the nausea free expectoration commenced ; and 
after the former symptom had subsided, the patient was 
freed from every annoyance, and remained in every re- 
spect comfortable. Sufficient to keep up the impres- 
sion on the system, the infusion was now given only 
every third or fourth hour in the same dose. The 
bowels were generally opened in about six hours after 
the commencement of the treatment, and afterw^ards 
continued in a lax condition. Towards the evening 
the second day, and particularly if the patient had been 
guilty of imprudent exposure, the symptoms frequently 
returned, and it was necessary to repeat the course 
adopted at first. But generally the medicine, continued 
as directed, kept the symptoms completely in check, 
and the patient was out on the fourth day." 

'^ The treatment of the disease in old persons, or in 
other cases where there was a marked tendency to 
prostration, w^as commenced in the same manner. As 
soon as the effects already mentioned as occurring were 



'eupatorium perfoliatum. 153 

induced, the cold substituted for the warm infusion was 
directed in the same dose every second hour, to be con- 
tinued, gradually lessening the period throughout the 
disease, unless the violent symptoms returned, when it 
was to be discontinued until the same course was re- 
peated with the warm infusion, and then resumed/' 

'' From the foregoing exposition of the properties and 
mode of action of the Eupatorium perfoliatum; we feel 
convinced that it will be awarded, that its introduction 
is an acquisition of some value to the therapeutical 
means of managing the curious disease under consider- 
ation. Not the least of our reasons for believing so, is, 
that while it allows the patient treated by it to pass 
out of the disease as speedily and as perfectly as any 
other remedy, or course of treatment, it leaves him with 
less impairment of his general health, and causes fewer 
interruptions to the natural healthy functions of the body. 
In short, the universality of the disease, when it pre- 
vails, finds an exact counterpart in the cheapness, as 
well as the simplicity of the remedy.'^ J. F. Peb- 
bles, M. D, 



154 KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 



KALMIA LATIFOLIA 



Vulgo. Laurel ; Mountain Laurel ; Broad-leaved 
Laurel; Lambkill; Ivy Bush; Spoonwood; Calico Bush. 

JSTat. Ord. Bicornes. Linn, 

Rhododendra. Juss. 

Class, Decandria. 

Order, Monogynia. 

The genus is called Kalmia^ in honour of Peter Kalm, 
a Sweedish Botanist. 

Gen. Char. Calyx five-parted, persistent, with 
oval acute segments. 

Corolla salver-form, with ten horns beneath, and ten 
corresponding cavities within. 

Capsule five-celled, many seeded. 

Spec. Char. Leaves petioled, inserted on the sides 
and extremities of the branches, scattered, and in threes ; 
oval, acute, entire, coriaceous, smooth on both sides, 
under side the palest ; corymbs terminal^ siscid and 
pubescent, simple or compound, with opposite branches 
and made up of slender peduncles, supported at base by 
ovate acuminate bractes. 

Flowers in the latter end of May. 

Fruit mature in the beginning of September. 

An evergreen shrub, from three to twelve feet high, 
and grows on shaded rocky hills. 

Flowers rose red, sometimes white. 

The corolla is monopetalous, with a cylindrical tube, 
a spreading disk, and an erect five-cleft margin. 

The stamens proceed from the base of the corolla, 
and bend outwardly like a hoop, so as to bury their 
anthers in the little cells of the corolla, until the fecun- 
dating power of the pollen is perfect, when they spring 
up and strike against the stigma. 



KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 155 

The germ is globular ; style longer than the corolla, 
and declined; stigma obtuse. 

The capsule is roundish, depressed, five-celled, and 
five-valved. 

When chemically examined the leaves are found to 
contain vegetable mucus, tannin and resin. 

Kalmia latifoha is destined to become a very import- 
ant remedy in the treatment of acute, and also of chronic 
diseases. 

As Ledum inhabits the marshy meadows among the 
mountains of Europe, and as Rhododendron, beautifies 
the mountain plains of Asia, with its golden blossoms, 
so Kalmia frequently extends itself along both banks of 
the narrow stony valleys of the brooks and small streams 
of North America, and enlivens them with its broad 
evergreen leaves ; and in May it suddenly spreads a 
rose coloured carpet over the face of nature, which ex- 
cites the admiration even of those who are accustomed 
to the magnificence of tropical plants. Rhododendron 
thrives in the region of storms and mountains, and 
Ledum draws its nourishment from the ponds of eleva- 
ted regions, while Kalmia flourishes in the mists arising 
from the valleys. All three inhabit northern climates. 
They correspond to the great family of diseases, which 
we comprise under the collective names of rheumatism 
and gout ; particularly to that class, which belongs to 
the north, and vv^hich is decidedly distinct from that of 
the south, and of the tropics. They also correspond to 
the intermittent and remittent fevers, and especially 
those of a long protracted gastric-nervous character. 

No medicine in the whole Materia Medica, has such 
control over the pulse as kalmia, except digitalis. 
Aconite and tartar emetic, approximate to it; but a 
remedy can only diminish the activity of the he^rt/avour- 
ahly^ when it corresponds to the totality of the symptoms. 
In diseases of the heart, which alternate with rheuma- 
tism or have originated in rheumatic attacks, kalmia 
must become most important. It will be of great ser- 
vice to the veterinarian. The other characteristics of 
this medicine are seen by the pathogenesis. 



156 KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 

Our attention is called to the action of this plant ; 
firstj by the poisoning of young domestic animals, and 
the sickening of the older ones from eating the leaves ; 
secondly, by the diseases which are caused by the 
honey gathered by the bees from its blossoms ; thirdly, 
by the illness caused by eating the pheasant's nourished 
by the fruit and green leaves during the winter months ; 
and fourthly, by the Indians making use of it to com- 
mit suicide. 

The Indians kill themselves with^an infusion of the 
leaves. Barton. 

From my own experience I am not disposed to think 
very highly of the narcotic power of the kalmia. I 
have repeatedly chewed and swallowed a green leaf of 
the largest size, without perceiving the least effect in 
consequence. Bigelow. 

It must be used with great care when externally ap- 
plied, as the decoction has occasioned disagreeable sub- 
sultus, startings and convulsions. Barton, 

The leaves are poisonous to some animals, and food 
for others. Kahn. ^ 

It is food for deer, goats, partridges and pheasants. 
C7. S, Dispensatory, 

Deer feed on its green leaves with impunity. Catesby, 

The leaves of kalmia are food for stags, and if they 
be shot in winter their bow^els are found filled with 
them. Bigelow, 

Persons who have eaten the flesh of stags that have 
fed on the leaves of kalmia, have not felt the least in- 
disposition from it. Bigelow, 

If the bowels of deer which have fed on the leaves 
be given to dogs, they become quite stupid, and as it 
were hitoxicated ; and often become so sick as to ap- 
pear to be at the point of death. Bigelow, 

It is fatal to young animals. Bigelow. 

When cattle and sheep, by severe winters de- 
prived of better food, feed on the leaves of this plant, 
a great many of them die annually. Catesby. 



KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 157 

When sheep eat kalmia leaves, they are attacked 
with vomiting, bleeding at the nose, and vertigo. U. 

When sheep eat the leaves, they either die imme- 
diately, or become very sick, and recover with great 
difficulty. The young and more tender of them are 
killed by a small portion, but the older and more hardy 
ones can bear a stronger dose. Kalm, 

It produces the same noxious effect on calves ; they 
either die or recover with great difficulty. Kalm, 

Some calves, after eating of the leaves in 1748, be- 
came very sick, swelled, frothed at the mouth, and 
could scarcely stand ; they were cured, however, by 
giving them gun-powder and other remedies. Kalm, 

A few drops of the tincture poured upon the body of 
a large and vigorous rattlesnake, killed it in a very 
short time. Barton. 

Horses, oxen and cows are made very sick by eating 
the leaves, but do not die. Bigelow, 

Gastric disorders and delirium have been caused by 
eating the honey gathered from the flowers. Barton, 

The infusion is used in dysentery. U, 

* A diarrhoea which returned every eight weeks, was 
cured by a decoction of one ounce of the leaves with 
eight ounces of water, and boiled down bne-half. 
Thomas, 

"^ Kalmia has been used with much benefit in the 
cure of syphilis. U. S. D, 

An ointment made of the powdered leaves has been 
recommended in tinea capitis, and some other cutane- 
ous affections. Bigelow, 

I have seen an eruption, very much resembling psora, 
removed by it. Bigelow, 

Externally applied in the shape of ointment or de- 
coction, the leaves have been found useful in tinea 
capitis, psora, herpes, and other cutaneous affections. 
U. S, D, 

The powdered leaves have been used with success 
by an empiric, in certain fevers. Barton, 

. 14 



158 KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 

Kalmia has the remarkable peculiarity of depressing 
the pulse when given in large doses. U. 

The pulse reduced to forty strokes in a minute, with 
great weakness in the arms and calves of the legs, and 
vertigo, on every attempt to move ; in a recumbent 
posture, the mental faculties and memory are per- 
fect. U. 

Two cases of poisoning, which resulted from eating 
a pheasant, in the craw of which laurel leaves were 
found. 

1. Half an hour after eating, nausea with entire loss 
of sight ; continual retching and violent pain in the 
crown of the head, which extends down in the direc- 
tion of the cervicle vertebrae ; coldness of the extremi- 
ties, and imperceptible pulse ; when the pulse reap- 
peared it beat only forty strokes in a minute. 

2. A peculiar noise while breathing, like that caused 
by spasmodic affections of the glottis. Paleness of the 
face. Excessive nausea, with dimness before the 
eyes. Violent pain down the back. Coldness of the 
extremities, with a very feeble pulse, of forty strokes in 
a minute. Shoemaker, 

Kalmia is useful in acute and chronic diseases of the 
lungs. U. 

The names of the provers are attached to their 
symptoms as well as the number of the attenuations 
taken. 

Those marked a, 6, c, etc., represent persons under 
Mr. Behlert's care, w^hose temperaments are carefully 
described in his report. 

Those extracts marked U"., are taken from an Ame- 
rican author, to me unknown. 

In making the trials, (as is my custom,) the low and 
high dilutions were both employed in the same persons, 
where it was practicable ; and he who does not or will 
not see the resemblance of the symptoms severally pro- 
duced by them, is to be pitied; but to perceive the 
difference, requires practice and close investigation. 



KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 159 

MENTAL.— 1. Irritable disposition of the mind to- 
wards evening, which continues next morning. {3d, 
Reichhelm.) 

Indisposition to move, with aversion to exercise. 
{2d. E, Clark.) 

SLEEP. — Restlessness, frequent turning. {2d. E, 
Clark.) 

Getting up and walking, w^hile asleep. {2d, E. 
Clark.) 

5. Talking in sleep. {2d. E. Clark.) 

Unpleasant dreams. {2d. E. Clark.) 

Fantastic dreams.. {30th. Haeseler.) 

FEVER. — Cold and shivering on two successive 
days. {2d. E. Clark.) 

HEAD. — Vertio-o and headache. Puikn. 

10. Vertigo, (from 30 drops of the infusion, six times 
a day.) Thomas. 

Vertigo, with some nausea, attended with pains in 
the head and limbs. {30th. Kurmner.) 

Nausea in the evening, followed by some dulness 
and aching in the head, (The second day. 30th, 
Kummer.) 

Vertigo while stooping and looking downw^ards. 
(From 8 until 9 o'clock in the morning, and from 3 
until 6 o'clock in the evening. 30th. JBehlert.) 

Dulness in the head. (First day. 1^^. Kummer.) 

15. Dulness in the head in the evening. {3d. Kum- 
mer.) 

Dulness in the head until evening, which continues 
slightly early the next morning. {3d. Kummer.) 

Heaviness in the head for a short time on the right 
side, but towards evening the same sensation, very 
severe on the left side. {1st. Kummer.) 

Heat in the head, on the morning of the fifth day. 
(3c?. Reichhelm.) 

A shock towards the occiput from the back of the 
neck with heat. {30th. Behlert. a.) 

20. A momentary shivering without coldness, about 10 
o'clock in the evening in bed, which seems to pass from 
the top of the head to the neck under the scalp, attend- 



160 KALMIA LATIFOLIA, 

ed with a cracking noise, and at the same time alarm 
without palpitation of the heart ; a sensation as if the 
body were surcharged with electricity. This sensation 
was repeated four times in the course of half an hour, 
and the whole ended with the sound of a horn before 
the ears. {3d, Reichhelm.) 

Headache internally, with the sensation, when turning, 
of something loose in the head, diagonally across the 
top of it. {30th. Behlert. b.) 

Dull pain around the back part of the head, with fre- 
quent sharp, darting pain in the right side of the head. 
{2d. E. Clark,) 

Pain in the head when awaking in the morning, and 
in the evening. {2d. E. Clark,) 

Pain in the top of the head as if bound closely with a 
cord. {2d. E. Clark,) 

25. Strong pain in the temples and forehead. {2d, 
E. Clark,) 

Pain in the forehead every morning on awaking. 
(30^A. Behlert, c) 

Pain in the forehead on rising, which increases after- 
wards. {30th. Behlert. f.) 

Pain across the forehead over the eyes. (30^A. Beh- 
lert. c.) 

Rending pain across the forehead. {30th. Behlert. d.) 

30. Pressing pain in the forehead especially in the 
right side. (First day. 3d. Reichhelm.) 

Pain in the forehead in the evening. {30th. Beh- 
lert. a.) 

Pressing in the forehead, late in the evening. {3d. 
Reichhelm.) 

Pain in the forehead and over the eyes in the even- 
ing ; it seems to move backwards and down the neck 
outwardly on both sides, then disappears, and is follow- 
ed by pain in the left shoulder. [30th, Behlert. a,) 

The pain in the forehead is sometimes followed by 
rending in the bones of the right or left side of the face, 
or on the top of the head. {30th, Behlert, c) 

35. Slight aching in the forehead, which some times 



KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 161 

shoots downwards to the eye-teeth, and at one time is 
easier in the forehead, at another in the teeth. {30th,. 
Behlert, a,) 

Pains in the forehead every day, which extends to the 
roots of one of the upper molar teeth of the right side. 
{^Oth. Behlert. a.) 

Severe pressing in the temples, and on both sides of 
the neck. (30th, Ku/iwier,) 

Acute pain in the left temple, which is very much in- 
creased by going up stairs. {2d,. Williamson.) 

Rending in the forehead and in the head, on rising 
from bed, succeeded by rending in the bones of the 
hips and lower extremities, down to the feet. {30th. 
Behlert. a.) 

40. Rending in the head and neck. {30th, Behlert, a.) 

Rending in the head. {30th, Behlert. c) 

Rending in the left side of the forehead, w^hich ex- 
tends into the temple. {30th, Behlert, c.) 

Strong pressure in the right temple. (The 3d day. 
1^^. Kummer.) 

Rending in the right temple, passing downwards, 
(30^A. Behlert, c.) 

45. Severe headache at noon of the second day; it is 
most severe in the right side. (l^?'. Kummer,) 

Pulsating pain in forehead. {30ih, Behlert, b,) 

Pain and throbbing in the whole of the left side of the 
head, with stitches in the left ear, and behind the right, 
(30th, Kummer.) 

The drawing in the head and eyes is worse towards 
evening- and in the open air. {Kummer.) 

EYES. — 50. GUmmering before the eyes, exactly in 
the point of vision, so that it is almost impossible to dis- 
tinguish the words while reading ; it seems as if small 
points were continually moving before the eyes. This 
continues half an hour. (About 3 o'clock in the after- 
noon of the second day. 30^A. Kummer,) 

Glimmering before the eyes while looking down- 
wards, with belching of wind, and some nausea. (In 
the morning about eight or nine o'clock. 30tho Behlert.) 

14* 



162 KALMIA LATIFOLIA. ' 

Cloudiness before the eyes. (The third day. 1st. 
Kunimer,) 

Itching of the eyes, and stinging when rubbed. (2d. 
E. Clark.) 

Pain in the eyes which makes it painful to turn them. 
{2d. E. Clark.) 

55. Sensation of stiffness in the muscles around the 
eyes, and of the eyelids. {2d. E. Clark.) 

Pain in the right eye. (1^^. Kummer.) 

Strong pressing in the right eye, in the evening. (1^^. 
Kummer.) 

Pressing in the eyes, attended by pains in the arms 
and hands, in the lower extremities down to the feet, 
and sometimes in the right side of the abdomen. {30th. 
Kummer.) 

' A sensation of pressing, above the right eye. (About 
noon of the 3d day. 3d. Reichhelm.y 

60. Pressing pain about the eyes. (The 5th day. 3d. 
Reichhelm.) 

Pressing in the eyes in the afternoon. {3d. Reich- 
helm.) 

Acute stitches in the eyes, towards evening of the 
second day. {1st. Kummer.) 

Acute stitches in the right eye^ in the morning of the 
second day. (1^^. Kummer.) 

Stitches and violent pressing in the right eye, the 
eyes feel dim and weak. (The third day. 1st. Kummer.) 

65. Stitches under the left eye. {3bth. Kummer.) 

Itching in the eyes. {1st. Kummer.) 

Itching and burning in the left eye. (In the after- 
noon of the fifth day. {3d. Reichhelm.) 

Burning with pressing in the eyes, particularly in the 
left one. (The fifth day. 3d. Reichhelm.) 

Inflammation of the left eye in the morning, with 
a burning jerking pain, till near noon, w^hen the pain 
becomes more tolerable, and scarcely perceptible. (The 
sixth day. 3d. Reichhelm.) 

EARS. — 70. Severe stitches in the right ear, in the 
night of the second day. {1st. Kummer.) 



KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 163 

Severe stitches in the ears at 4 o'clock, P. M., fol- 
lowed by pain in the arms. (30/A. Kummer,) 

Pain the right ear, on the right side of the head, and 
in the leg. (SO^A. Kummer?) 

Excessive tingling in the ears. (In the afternoon of 
the fourth day. 3d, Reichhelm.) 

NOSE. — Continued pressing in the ridge of the nose, 
with repeated sneezing. (The second day. 3d, Reich- 
helm,) 

75. TickUng in the nose. (30^^. Behlert, a,) 
Fluent coryza w^ith frequent sneezing, and perceptibly 
increased sense of vSmell. (30^A. Haeseler.) 

Tickling in the nose like that which precedes coryza. 
{30th, Behlert, d.) 

The nose is sometimes obstructed, particularly in the 
evening. {30th, Behlert, d,) 

FACE. — Pressing pain in the right side of the face, 
between the eye and the nose, in the afternoon. {3d. 
Reichhelm. ) 

80. Itching in the face at night. {30th. Behlert, a,) 
Slinging in the bones of the jaws. {30th, Behlert, a,) 
TEETH.— Short pains in the teeth of the right side, 
in the evening of the third day. (1^^. Kummer,) 
Pain in the upper teeth. {30th, Kummer,) 
Severe pressing in the molar teeth after 10 o'clock in 
the evening, which continues several hours. {3d, Reich- 
helm,) 

85. Dull pain in the incisor and eye-teeth. {3d, Reich- 
helm.) 

MOUTH.— Stiches in the tongue. {30th, Kummer,) 
Tongue white and dry. {2d, E, Clark.) 
Lips swollen, dry and stiff, in the morning. {2d. E. 
Clark.) 

Tingling in the salivary glands, immediately after 
eating, attended with a sensation of fermentation in the 
oesophagus, and copious salivation. {30th, Haeseler,) 
90. Dry skin and cracked lips. {30th, Haeseler,) 
Inflammation of the sublingual glands. {W, Link,) 
Acrid, bitter taste in the mouth. U, 



164 KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 

THROAT. — Continual rising of a slippery mucus in 
the throat, with tickling in the larynx. {30th, Haeseler,) 

Difficult deglutition. {30th, Kummer.) 

Dryness of the throat, which renders deglutition diffi- 
cult. Thirsty. (2d, E, Clark,) 

95. Scraping in the throat. {30th, Behlert, a,) 

Scraping in the throat, which excites a cough day 
and night. {30th, Behlert, c) 

Pressing in the throat and nausea, with stitches in the 
eyes. {30th, Kummer,) 

Sensation of rawness and scraping in the throat, 
which is painful while swallowing, and is attended by 
throbbing in the left tonsil. {30th, Behlert,) 

STOMACH. — Pressing in the scrobiculus cordis, 
w^hich is relieved- by sitting erect, but is aggra- 
vated by sitting in a crooked position. {30th, 
Haeseler,) 

100. Nausea, with headache. (30^/?. Behlert. a,) 

ABDOMEN. — Pain in the right side of the abdomen 
followed by a pain in the gluteus muscle. {30th, 
Kummer,) 

A sensation of weakness in the abdomen, rising up 
into the throat. When violent, it is sometimes relieved 
by eructations, but returns immediately. {30ih, Beh- 
lert, a.) 

Occasional pain across the abdomen. (2c?. E. 
Clark.) 

Pressing in the right side. {30th, Behlert, a,) 

105. Pain in the right side, in the region of the liver. 
{2d, E Clark.) 

BOWELS.— No stool the first day. {3d, Reich- 
helm,) 

Scanty stool. (The morning of the third day. 3d. 
Reichhelm.) 

Looseness of the bowels at noon.- After the stool in 
the morning. {3d. Reichhelm.) 

Stools less frequent. (The third day. 3c?. Reich- 
lielm.) 

110. A soft stool early in the morning, followed by 



KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 165 

a diarrhoea, which lasted two hours, and another soft 
stool the same forenoon. (The fourth day. Zd, Reich- 
helm.) 

Inclination to go to stool. (The forenoon of the fourth 
day. 3^. Reichhelm.) 

Two soft stools, and an evacuation of wind. (The 
forenoon of the fifth day. ?>d. Reichhelm.) 

Momentary nausea, with shifting of flatus in the after- 
noon while riding, followed by a stool, with cutting 
pain in the bowels. (The third day, after repeated 
doses. 3d Reichhelm..) 

Easily discharged, pappy stool, with pressing in the 
rectum. {?^Qth. Haeseler.) 

URINE.— 115. Strong desire to urinate. (The ninth 
day. 3ry. Reichhelm.) 

Frequent discharges of yellow urine, in increased 
quantity. {^Oth. Haeseler.) 

SEXUAL. — The menses appear eight days too early. 
(The fourth day. 30/A. Behlert. c.) 

The menses make their appearance fourteen days too 
late. (30^A. Behlert. c.) 

Painful menstruation. {2d. E. Clark.) 

120. Suppression of the menses. {2d. E. Clark.) 

Postponement of the menses. {2d. E. Clark.) 

Pain in the loins, back, and anterior part of the thighs 
during menstruation. {2d. E. Clark.) 

Yellowish leucorrhoea in the morning, eight days 
after the appearance of the menses. (Three weeks af- 
ter the exhibition of kalmia. 30th. Behlert. a.) 

The symptoms are more prominent during the leu- 
corrhoea. {30th. Behlert. a.) 

Lx4lRYNX. — 125. Cough excited, by scraping in the 
wind-pipe. {30th. Behlert. d.) 

Cough, with easy expectoration of a gray, smooth 
unctuous matter, which has a putrid, saltish taste. 
{30th. Haeseler. j 

CHEST. — Oppression and shortness of breath, 
which obliges him to breath quickly, involuntarily. 
(30^A. Haeseler.) 



166 KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 

Oppression of the chest. After the fifth dose, every 
fourth day. [30tk, Kummer,) 

Oppression of the chest, difficulty of breathing, dul- 
ness of the head, and nausea. {30tL Kummer,) 

130. Sensation in the cliest, as if strained by lifting. 
{2d. E. Clark.) 

Stitches in the lower part of the chest. (30/A. Beh- 
lert. a.) 

Oppression of the chest, with the sensation of swell- 
ing in the throat. [W. Link.) 

Palpitation of the heart. ( W. Link.) 

TRUNK. — Violent pressure in the right side of the 
neck, and at the same time in the left foot. (1^^. 
Kummer.) 

135. Drawing and sticking in the left side of the 
neck, in the afternoon which continues eight hours. 
{3d. Reichhelm.) 

Acute stitches and itching on the left side of the 
neck at night. {30th. Behlert.) 

Stitches under the left arm. {30th. Kummer.) 
- A sensation as if the spinal column would break with 
an anterior convexity. {30th. Haeseler.) 

Sharp pain in the three superior dorsal vertebras, ex- 
tending through the shoulder blades. {2d. E. Clark.) 

140. Constant pain in the spine, sometimes worse in 
the lumbar region, w^ith great heat and burning. {2d. 
E. Clark.) 

Pressing below the left shoulder, in the evening. 
(Second day. 3d. Reichhelm.) 

Pain in the shoulder blades. {2d. E. Clark.) 

Sticking pain in the lower part of the left shoulder 
blade, the night after the third day. {1st. Kummer.) 

Aching pain across the loins, worse in the evening. 
{2d. Williamson.) 

145. Paralytic pain in the small of the back, at ten 
o'clock at night in bed, with continued dulness and 
pain in the head. (The second day. 3d. Reichhelm.) 

Lameness in the small of the back, in the evening in 
bed. (The third day. 3d. Reichhelm.) 



KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 167 

UPPER EXTREMITIES.-Rendin^ in the right 
shoulder and down the arm. (30^/?. Behlert. c.) 

Rending in the shoulder joint. (30/A. Behlert, a,) 

Drawing pain on the inner side of the left arm, of 
short duration. (The third day. 1st, Kmnmer.) 

Pain in the right arm. {1st, Kummer,) 

150. Frequent strong cracking in the joints of the 
elbows, in the afternoon. (Be?. Reichhelm, ) 

Rending from the left elbow, down the arm to the 
index figer, which is flexed in a jerking manner. [30th, 
Behlert. /.) 

Cramp-like pain, from the elbow down to the middle 
of the forearm. [SOth, Behlert. c.) 

Rending from the knuckle of the little finger of the 
right hand, up to the elbow. {30th. Behlert. f.) 

Repeated stitches in the hands. {30th, Behlert, a,) 

155. Pains in the right hand. {30th, Behlert,/,) 

Pains in the left hand, particularly in the palm close 
to the wrist. (After the sixth dose. 30th. Kummer.) 

A sensation like paralysis in the right hand. (After 
six doses. 30th, Kummer,) 

Pain in the left wrist, so that the hand seems palsied. 
{1st, Kummer.) 

Pain in all the fingers of the left hand at the same 
time. (The third day. 1^^. Kummer.) 

LOWER EXTREMITIES.— 160. Stitches sud- 
denly attacking the hip bones of the jight side, in the 
evening. (30^/^ Behlert. a.) 

Stiches on the lower part of the knee, outside, in the 
evening. {30th. Behlert. a.) 

Itching in the bend of the right knee, in the after- 
noon of the ninth day. {3d. Reichhelm.) 

Pains in the left knee and foot-^ and also in the right 
foot, repeatedly. (Third day. 30th. Kmnmer.) 

Numbness in the shins, in the afternoon. (3^. 
Reichhelm.) 

165. A peculiar pain along the outside of the left 
leg, which is very frequently repeated. {30th, Kum- 
mer,) 



168 KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 

Pain in the left foot. {1st. Kummer.) 
Great weariness in the evening, particularly in the 
extremities, so that it is nearly impossible to go up 
stairs. {2c/. E. Clark.) 

Numbness of the limbs, as if asleep. {2d. E. 
Clark.) 

Violent pain in the left foot. (The tenth day. 1^^. 
Kummer. ) 

170. Pain in the left foot. (After the fifth dose. 
ZOth. Kummer.) 

Aching in the tarsal bones of the right foot. (30/A. 
Behlert. /.). 

Sticking in the soles of the feet. (30^A. Behlert a.) 
Stinging in the toes. {ZOth. Behlert. c.) 
Stinging in the great toe of the left foot. (30/A. 
Behlert, c.) 

lib. Pain in the left arm above the elbow, and soon 
afterwards between the elbow and the hand ; frequently 
alternating between the two places, during one hour, 
and followed by pain in both legs below the knees, 
which extends to the feet. {1st. Kummer.) 

Brief pains in the left elbow, arm, and knee, in the 
morning, and in both arms in the afternoon ; while 
lying it is not observed. (The third day. 30^A. Kum- 
mer.) 

Pain in the bend of the left knee, which is imme- 
diately followed by very severe, frequent but brief pain 
in the left index finger, and afterwards in the right foot. 
{1st. Kummer.) 

Pain in the right shoulder and in the left arm, par- 
ticularly in the elbow, and in both lower extremities, 
especially in the knees. (30/A. Kummer.) 

Pain in the left arm and in both legs, in the evening. 
{ZOth. Kummer. ) 

180. Pressing pain in the left shin, and in the mus- 
cles of the left arm, accompanied with the same kind of 
pain in the right foot. {1st. Kummer.) 

Pressing in the left shin, at eight o'clock in the 



KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 169 

morning, and in the left shoulder at ten o'clock in the 
morning. {30ih, Kummer,) 

Pressing in the left shin and shoulder, and also in 
the left arm, followed by pressing in the right shoulder 
and arm. (30//^. Kummer.) 

Pain in the right arm, and rending in the left leg, 
while at rest, which disappears on rising. It extends 
through the whole of the left side and arm. (ZOth. 
Behlert. c) 

Rending- in the ridit shoulder, in the left arm, in the 
right under-jaw bone, and in the flesh of the whole of 
the left leg downwards. {30th, Behlert. c.) 

185. Slight aching in the left hand and fingers, and 
in the posterior part of the left leg, towards the heel, 
with jerking in the heel. (30tt. Behlert. a.) 

Sticking pain in the right index finger, in the even- 
ing, which is soon followed by a severe pain in the 
hollow of the right knee and in the calf of the leg, at- 
tended by diflBculty of breathing. (After six doses. 
30//?. Kummer.) 

Frequent pains here and there in the limbs, continu- 
ally changing from one place to another, for ten days, 
during the exhibition of a few globules every second 
day. They lasted three weeks after the discontinuance 
of the medicine. [Ist. Kummer.) 

Frequent pains in the muscles of the extremities, and 
also in the head, with dulness, vertigo, and some nau- 
sea. {30th. Kummer.) 

Sprain-like pain at times in the feet and hands. {30th. 
Kummer. ) 

190. A red spot, about the size of a pea, appeared 
on the outside of the left leg, a little below the knee, 
w^hich itched excessively and w^as followed by a burn- 
ing pain. This was succeeded by a second on the out- 
side of the leg close to the knee, w^ith excessive itching. 
(From the afternoon of the sixth to the seventh day.) 
On the morning of the seventh day a small spot ap- 
peared on the right knee, also with some itching of short 
duration. (3d Reichhelm.) 

15 



170 KALMIA LATIFOLIA. 

Red inflamed spots in different places on the body, 
which appear hke the beginning of bloocl-boiis, and 
continue for several weeks. (Bute,) 

Pressing pains in the whole body, in one hour and a 
half after taking the third dose of six globules, which had 
been repeated every fourth day. {30th. Kummer.) 

The pains are most severe while moving, and disap- 
pear while lying. (30th. Kummer.) 

The symptoms subsided gradually and successively, 
having all disappeared on the sixth day. {E. Clark.) 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 171 



LOBELIA 



BY JACOB JEANES, 



Lobelia. Sex, Syst. Pentandria, IMonogynia. 

J\\it, Ord, Lobeliacea. 

Gex. Ch. Calyx five-cleft. Corolla irregular, five- 
parted, cleft on the upper side nearly to the base. 
Anthers united into a tube. Stigma two-lobed. Cap- 
sule inferior or semi-superior, two or three-celled, two- 
valved at the apex. Torrey. 

" Father Plumier dedicated a genus of plants to 
Mathias de Lobel, or de L'Obel, author of a history of 
plants in 1576. The plant to which he originally ap- 
plied the name of Lobelia, is now the sceevola, of Lin- 
naeus. When this botanist was convinced by Jacquin, 
that, under the name of Lobelia, a vast number of plants, 
generically distinct from the original plant, were con- 
founded with it, and that these plants were better known 
than the true Lobelia, by that name, he judged it proper 
to correct the error by retaining this name for them, and 
giving a new^ one to the genus of Plumier. This is the 
origin of the term Lobelia for the genus as it now 
stands." Barton, 

The growing together of the anthers in a tube, has 
caused differences of opinion among botanists as to what 
place suits it in the Linnean system. Linnaeus places it 
in syngenesia monogamia, while most modern botanists 
have removed it to the first order of the fifth class. 
Pursh and Barton agree in assigning it to monadelphia. 

The lobelia forms a numerous family, containing about 
160 species, of which 75 grow in America, 22 in New 
Holland, 32 in Africa, 12 in Asia, and 6 in Europe, 
whilst it is yet unknowm to what countries the remain- 
ing species are indigenous. 



172 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

Several species of lobelia have attracted attention as 
medicinal agents ; but as the one at present of the 
greatest importance, we will first consider the 

Lobelia inflata. 
Emetic Herb, Indian Tobacco, 



C( 



The Lobelia inflata is a biennial inelegant plant, 
about one foot, and from that to two feet high. The 
root is fibrous, yellowish-white, of an acrid taste, re- 
sembling that of tobacco. Stem upright, always soli- 
tary, angular, leafyjVery pubescent, sometimes hirsute, and 
very much branched about mid-way. Branches axillary, 
shorter than the stem, which rises from six to ten 
inches above the top of the highest branches. The leaves 
are irregularly scattered and alternate, sometimes crowd- 
ed, oval, generally sessile, with the margins unequally 
indented with tooth-like serratures. The flowers are 
numerous, situated on terminal leafy racemes, and sup- 
ported on short axillary peduncles. The corolla is mono- 
petalous and labiate ; the lower lip three, and the upper 
two-toothed, is of a pale blue colour externally, and de- 
licate violet within. The calix leaves are awl-shaped, 
and the length of the corolla. Seeds numerous, very 
small, and contained in egg-shaped inflated capsules, 
which have given rise to the specific appellation of the 
plant.'' Barton, 

Samuel Thomson, who considered himself the dis- 
coverer of the medical properties of the Lobelia inflata, 
appears to have watched its growth with an almost pa- 
ternal affection, and therefore the following extract from 
his account of the emetic herb, as he terms it, will not 
be without interest.* 

" The emetic herb may be found in the first stages 
of its growth at all times through the summer, from the 
bigness of a six cent piece to that of a dollar, and larger, 

* New Guide to Health, or Botanic Physician, page 43. 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 173 

lying flat on the ground, in a round form, like a rose 
pressed flat, in order to bear the weight of snow which 
lays on it during the winter, and is subject to be winter- 
killed, like wheat In the spring, it looks yellow and 
pale, like other things suffering from the wet and cold ; 
but when the returning sun spreads forth its enlivening 
rays upon it, it lifts up its leaves, and shoots forth a 
stalk to the height of from twelve to fifteen inches, with 
a number of branches, carrying up its leaves with its 
growth. In July, it puts forth small, pale-blue blossoms, 
which are followed by small pods, about the size of a 
white bean, containing numerous very small seeds. 
This pod is an exact resemblance of the human stomach, 
having an inlet and an outlet higher than the middle ; 
from the inlet it receives nourishment, and by the outlet 
discharges the seeds. It comes to maturity about the 
first of September, when the leaves and pods turn a 
little yellow ; this is the best time to gather it. It is what 
is called by botanists, a biennial plant, or only of two 
years existence." 

'' This plant is common in all parts of this country. 
Wherever the land is fertile enough to yield support for 
its inhabitants, it is to be found. It is confined to no 
soil which is fit for cultivation, from the highest moun- 
tains to the lowest vallies. In hot and wet seasons, it 
is most plenty on dry and warm lands ; in hot and dry 
seasons, on clayey and heavy land. When the season 
is cold,'either wet or dry, it rarely makes its appearance ; 
and if the summer and fall are very dry, the seed does 
not come up, and, of course, there will be very little to 
be found the next season. I have been in search of this 
herb from Boston to Canada, and was not able to collect 
more than two pounds; and in some seasons, I have not 
been able to collect any.'^ 

This is probably a very correct description of the 
growth of this plant in our Eastern States, and notwith- 
standing the peculiarities of expression, and the singular 
remark in relation to the pod, deserves to be copied, in 
the language of its author, for its exhibition of his loving 

15^ 



174 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

watchfulness and close observation of his favorite plant, 
as well as for the real information it conveys. 

It will be well to give Thomson's account of his dis- 
covery of the properties of the Lobelia inflata ; he says : 
'^ Some time in the summer, after I was four years old, 
being out in the fields in search of the cows, I discover- 
ed a plant which had a singular branch and pods, that 
I had never before seen, and I had the curiosity to pick 
some of the pods and chew them ; the taste and opera- 
tion produced were so remarkable, that I never forgot 
it. I afterwards used to induce other boys to chew it, 
merely by way of sport to see them vomit. I tried this 
herb in this way for nearly twenty years, without know- 
ing any thing of its medical virtues." '' It had never 
occurred to me that it was of any value as medicine, 
until, when mowing in the field with a number of men 
one day, I cut a sprig of it, and gave to the man next 
to me, who eat it ; when we had got to the end of the 
piece, which was about six rods, he said he believed 
what I had given him would kill him, for he never felt 
so in his life. I looked at him, and saw that he was in 
a most profuse perspiration, being wet all over as he 
could be ; he trembled very much, and there w^ no 
more color in him than a corpse. I told him to go to 
the spring and drink some water ; he attempted to go, 
and got as far as the wall, but was unable to get over 
it, and laid down on the ground and vomited several 
times. He said he thought he threw off his stomach 
two quarts. I then helped him into the house, and in 
about two hours he ate a very hearty dinner, and in the 
afternoon was able to do a good half day's labor. He 
afterwards told me that he never had any thing to do 
him so much good in his life ; his appetite was remark- 
ably good, and he felt better than he had for a long time.'^ 
It afterwards became his most important remedy. 

It is a customary remark of the writers on the Lobelia 
inflata, that it was employed as a remedy by the 
aborigines of this country ; but no authority has been 
quoted for this assertion, which may therefore be view- 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 175 

ed as groundlcvSS. Dr. Cutler first introduced this article 
to the attention of the medical profession. He had long 
suffered from asthma, when he was informed by Dr. 
Drury, of Marblehead, that he had been relieved of this 
complaint by the use of the tincture of the Lobelia inflata. 
He employed it, and was cured. For his case, see Ap- 
pendix. This knowledge of the value of the Lobelia 
inflata, as a remedy in asthma, was most probably de- 
rived from the practice of Thomson in that neighbor- 
hood. 

In support of this claim Thomson says, that, ^'In 
the fall of the year 1807, I introduced the use of the 
emetic herb tinctured in spirits^ for the asthma and other 
complaints of the lungs, and cured several of the con- 
sumption. In 1808, I cured a woman in Newington of 
the asthma, who had not laid in her bed for six months. 
I gathered some of the young plants, not bigger than 
a dollar, bruised them, and tinctured them in spirits, 
gave her the tincture, and she lay in bed the first night. 
I showed her what it was, and how to prepare and use 
it; and by taking this and other things, according to my 
direction, she has enjoyed a comfortable state of health 
for twelve years, and has never been obliged to sit up 
one night since. The same fall I used it in Beverly 
and Salem ; and there can be no' doubt but all the in- 
formation concerning the value of this article was ob- 
tained from my practice." 

A Charles Whitlaw tells, in the London Lancet, a 
queer story about hide bound cattle seeking and eating 
the Lobelia inflata, becoming salivated, and then get- 
ting well, and also that it is to him that the American 
practitioners are indebted for a knowledge of its medi- 
cinal properties. " When grass is scarce, it is eaten by 
cattle,'^ but that it salivates them is yet to be proved, 
and it is a strange circumstance that no acknowledg- 
ment of their indebtedness to Charles Whitlaw should 
be made by American writers on the Lobelia inflata. 
I should not have noticed his remarks at all, had he not 
been quoted by Noack in his treatise. 



176 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

Introduced into practice by a common man, who set 
himself in opposition to the customary modes of prac- 
tice, the lobelia has met the fate of being represented 
by physicians as a medicine, which, from the violence of 
its effects, and the distressing nausea which it occa- 
sions, would never come into use for the common pur- 
poses of an emetic, while other emetics can be obtained; 
so that such a dread of its baneful effects have been 
instilled into the minds of physicians, that it has n^ever 
been as much as tried by them as might have been 
expected. On the other hand, the followers of Thom- 
son, whilst they admit that it is sometimes violent in its 
operation, deny that it is ever dangerous. The truth in 
this case, no doubt, lies between the two extremes. 
From the very limited number of deaths which have 
come to our knowledge, and can be fairly attributed to 
the Lobelia inflata, notwithstanding its extensive, and 
no doubt, rash employment by ignorant men, w^e must 
come to the conclusion that it is perhaps less dangerous 
and destructive than tartarized antimony, and many 
other of those substances which are in ordinary use for 
their emetic properties, would be if similarly employed. 

Cutler Mates that the Lobelia inflata " operates as an 
emetic and then as a cathartic, its effects being much 
the same as those of the common emetics and cathar- 
tics ;" but he does not confirm this statement by any 
cases, Thomson asserts that '^ as to its operating as a 
cathartic, I never knew it to have such an effect in all 
my practice.'' This assertion from one who must have 
employed it in thousands of cases, is entitled to atten- 
tion, and I believe it will be found to be true in respect 
to the large emetic doses. But in doses of a few drops 
of the tincture, cathartic effects have been observed by 
several experimenters. Not doubting in the least the ac- 
curacy of the latter observations, I remain satisfied, 
from all the evidence I have been able to collect, that 
the large emetic doses rarely if ever purge, and that in 
this respect the operation of the Lobelia inflata differs 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 177 

very ^videly from that of ipcacuana and other emeto- 
cathartics. 

In regard to the dose, there appears to be a singular 
agreement between Thomson and the physicians. He 
says, ''Dr. Thatcher undertakes to make it appear that 
the fatal effects he tells about it producing," (in a fatal 
case treated by Thomson, for which he was tried for 
murder,) '' was owing to the quantity given ; and says, 
I administered a tea-spoonful of the powder ; and w^hen 
he comes to give directions for using it, says that from 
ten to twenty grains may be given w^ith safety. It ap- 
pears strange that different terms should produce such 
dilTerent effects in the operation of medicine. If a tea- 
spoonful is given by an empiric, its effects are fatal ; 
but if the same quantity is administered by a learned 
doctor, and called grains, it is a useful medicine." 

It is not necessary in this place to follow out the ob- 
servations, of other waiters on the Lobelia inflata, as I 
intend to introduce their observations in regard to its 
curative operations in the appendix to this article. 

As regards its introduction into homoeopathic practice, 
it was first noticed in my work on homoeopathic practice, 
in w^hich I detailed several cases of asthma, and other 
diseases, which were cured by this remedy in homoeo- 
pathic dilution. 

But the first publication of its pathogenesis was by 
Dr. Alphons Noack, of Leipsic, in his excellent treatise 
on the Lobelia inflata, in the fifteenth volume of the 
Hygea, (1841.) This exhibits very extensive research, 
and he has perhaps quoted every writer of any eminence 
who has mentioned this plant. To him I acknowledge 
myself indebted for a large portion of the references to 
previous writers, which are introduced into this paper. 

The experiments of Noack w^ere accompanied by co- 
temporaneous thermometrical, barometrical and meteor- 
ological observations. Among the circumstances noticed 
in his experiments, on his own person, was the speedy 
decomposition of the urine passed on the first day of his 
trial of the lobelia. This had taken place by the next 



178 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

morning, when a rose red sediment was deposited on 
the sides of the vessel, in which was found a small brow^n 
urinary crystal, which under a microscope of two-hun- 
dred fold magnifying power, had the form and size of a 
large currant, and formed a glandular conglomerate. 
This observation is peculiarly interesting as confirmatory, 
on homoeopathic principles, of my observations of its cu- 
rative efficacy in cases when the urine possesses a copi- 
ous lateritious sediment. 

Noack's treatise has been translated and published, 
with slight abridgment, in the first number of the British 
Journal of Homoeopathy. 

The list of symptoms is generally accurately translated, 
but a few which occurred in cases of disease have been 
excluded. This is a liberty which I have carried to a 
greater extent, in excluding many of the symptoms 
which Noack has quoted from alloeopathic physicians, 
because I find on reference to works in which the state- 
ments are made, that they do not appear substantiated by- 
cases, and are some of them of a very doubtful charac- 
ter. 

Besides the symptoms observed on himself, Noack 
gives the symptoms observed by the five following ex- 
perimenters. 

1. N. N, Kermes, a man aged 26 years, of venous 
lymphatic constitution, took 30 drops of the tincture in 
two ounces of water, at 9 o'clock in the morning, and 
20 drops at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. 

2. Medical student, Birkner, 23 years old, venous 
scrophulous constitution, took in the morning of the first 
day of experiment 4 drops of the tincture. In the morn- 
ing of the next day 8 drops. In the morning of the third 
day 16 drops. A month afterwards he took 10 drops, 
and the next day 20 drops. A few days afterwards he 
took 40 drops. 

3. Isidor Mortz, M. D., 29 years old; melancholic 
temperament ; at the time of his experiment perfectly 
well, excepting a slight disposition to costiveness; took 
10 drops three successive mornings, then 20 drops three 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 179 

successive mornings; on the next day 30 drops ; on the 
next day 10 drops in the morning and 10 drops in the 
afternoon ; on the two following days 15 drops in the 
morning and 15 drops in the afternoon, and afterwards 
for several days with doses varying from 50 to 150 drops. 
He remarked that the small doses operated more upon 
the throat, the larger doses more on the stomach, and 
also that taking the tincture in water caused more exten- 
sive and continued operation. 

4. Laura Kckh . . . . , 21 years of age, of a healthy 
family, graceful proportions, blooming countenance, with 
blue eyes, and brown hair, quiet, thoughtful and re- 
served disposition. In health at the time of the experi- 
ment. Took at night at bed-time 6 drops of the tincture, 
next morning and night the same dose ; the following 
day none. The next day in the morning 9 drops, and 
the same at bed-time ; the next day 9 drops in the morn- 
ing 30 drops in the afternoon, and 40 drops at bed-time; 
the next day 50 drops at bed-time. 

5. Dr. G. Otto Piper, of Dresden, commenced with a 
dose of 2 drops; the next day of 4 drops; the next day 
none ; the next 6 drops ; the next 7 drops ; the next 8 
drops the next 10 drops ; the next day but one, 16 drops, 
and four days afterwards 20. He remarks that he could 
not prevail on himself to continue the trial farther, be- 
cause the burning and prickling far exceeded in seve- 
rity that of mezereum, ledum, polygonum and euphorbia, 
and the continued nauseous movement excited by the 
large doses really tormented him, and w^ere a great 
hindrance to him in his indispensable occupations. 

The names of those experimenters are marked with 
their initials, with the exception of Noack whose name, 
like those of other observers, is always printed in full after 

his own symptoms. The symptoms miarked Z 5, 

w^ere observed by a physician, who had taken the tinc- 
ture in tea-spoonful doses every fifteen minutes, until 
nearly an ounce had been taken, without producing 

vomiting. The symptoms marked JV ?z, appear to 

have been inserted by the English translator of Noack's 
treatise. 



180 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

HEAD. — Vertigo, with nausea. {Williamson. Jeanes.) 

Vertigo, with pain in the head, and trembUng agita- 
tion of the whole body. [Williamson.) 

Dull feeUngin the head after dinner, increased in the 
evening to violent pressive pain, with considerable heat 
of the face. {B,) 

Pain in the head. {Link.) 

5. Headache, with slight giddiness ; occasionally tran- 
sient shooting in the temples. {K.) 

Dull feeling in the occiput. {Geist.) 

Dull feeling in the occiput and forehead. {JYoack.) 

Pressive pain in the occiput, one while accompanied 
by heat, at another relieved by removing the covering 
from the head. {B.) 

Pain in the occiput. {Jeanes.) 

10. Dull heavy pain passing round the forehead, 
from one temple to the other, on a line immediately 
above the eye-brows. {Jeanes. In numerous cases, 
both of pathogenesis and cure ; the latter often pre- 
ceded by homoeopathic aggravation, of several days 
continuance.) 

Pains through the head in sudden shocks. (^Wil- 
liamson. ) 

Outward pressing in both temples, at the same time 
a dull pressing in the flesh just above the left elbow, 
and the hand feels as if paralyzed. {Geist.) 

Pain in the parietal protuberance on the left side of 
the head. {Jeanes.) 

Heaviness in the head, and uneasiness in the back. 
{Eckh.) 

lb. Chilliness of the left side of the head, w^ith a 
feeling as if the hair would rise on end. {Geist.) 

EYES. — Pain and soreness in the right eye. ( JVil- 
liamson.) 

Pressing pain in the eye balls, most in the upper 
parts. {Geist.) 

Severe and frequent itching in the angles of the eye 
lids. {Jeanes.) 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 181 

Itching in the angles of the lids of the left eye. 
(Geist,) 

Smarting of the inside of the eyelids. (Geist,) 

EAR. — Aching in the left ear. (Jeanes.) 

Shooting pain, extending into left ear from a painful 
spot in the throat, situated about an inch to the left of 
the larynx, and on a line with its lowest cartilage. 
(Jeanes.) 

FACE.— Heat of the face. (5.) 

Perspiration of the face, accompanying the nau- 
sea. (M.) 

25. A peculiar drawing feeling extending from the 
right side of the mouth to the right eye, (Geist,) 

A chilly feeling in the left cheek, extending to the 
ear. {Geist.) 

Slight drawing feelings, at one time in the left, at 
another in the right side of the lower jaw. [Geist,) 

TEETH. — Dull pressing pain in the left molar teeth 
and temple. (Geist,) 

MOUTH. — Disagreeable taste in the mouth, some- 
what similar to that of a solution of corrosive sublimate. 
(Z s^ 24 hours after taking.) 

30. Pungent taste in the mouth. (Williamson,) 

Flow of clammy saliva. (Link.) 

Flow of saliva in the mouth. (JYoack,) 

Soreness of the throat. [Jeanes^ B.) 

Dryness of the mouth. ( Williamson.) 

THROAT.— 35. Burning in the throat. {William^ 
son. JVoack, M, B,) 

Dryness of the fauces, frequent spitting. (iV n.) 

Dryness of the throat. {Williamson, B,) 

Tough mucus in the fauces, causing frequent hawk- 
ing. {M,) 

Prickling in the throat. {JVoack. P, M,) 

40. Burning prickling in the throat, increased secre- 
tion of viscid saliva, nausea and eructations. (JYoock,) 

Prickling in the throat, eructation and burning sen- 
sation rising up from the stomach. {B.) 

16 



182 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

Dryness and prickling in the throaty not diminished 
by drinking, after dinner. (B,) 

Unpleasant sensation in the upper and back part of 
the pharynx, as from swallowing saliva during smoking. 

(JV^ 71.) 

Sensation as if the oesophagus contracted itself from 
below upwards. (B,) 

45. Feeling of pressure, as from a foreign body in the 
whole course of the oesophagus, down which it proceeds 
with a vermicular motion, but most strongly felt in a 
spot just below the larynx and in the epigastrium. 
(JYoack.) 

Drawing pain in the right side of the throat, which 
extends upwards to the ear. [Geist, Jeanes.) 

* Sensationof alumpinthe pit of the throat. {Jeanes.) 

STOMACH.— Loss of appetite. (JV n. B.) 

Hiccough. [Link,) 

60. Slight, frequent flatulent eructation, with flow of 
water in the mouth. [Eckh. B. JYoack. M,) 

Flatulent eructation, with sensation of ^acidity and 
heat of stomach. {Geist. Jeanes.) 

Frequent violent hiccoughs, following each other 
quickly from twenty-four to thirty times, with abundant 
flow of saliva in the mouth. {B. M.) 

Eructation of an acid fluid with burning sensation. 
( Williamson.) 

Incessant violent nausea, w^ith shivering and shaking 
of the upper part of the body. 

55. An indescribable feeling about the stomach, com- 
pounded of nausea, pain, heat, oppression and excessive 
uneasiness, accompanying the aflection of the respiratory 
organs. (Z s.) 

Nausea, great uneasiness and vomiting. 

Nausea with great inclination to vomit. 

Vomiting with cold perspiration of the face. (M.) 

Extreme nausea, with profuse perspiration, copious 
vomiting, great prostration of strength, but good appe- 
tite shortly afterwards. [Thomson.) 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 183 



60. Feeling of weakness of the stomach. (Z Sy 

J\L Jeanes.) 

^ Sensation of excessive weakness at theprsecordium 

extending upwards into the chest, and downwards as 

far as the umbilicus. (Jeanes,) 

Feehng of pressure in the stomach, and extending to 

the back. (JS^oack.) 

Feehng of weight in the stomach. (JYoacL) 
Sensation of oppression at the epigastrium, as if the 

stomach were too full; worse on pressure. (Link,) 
65. Burning pain in the stomach towards the back, as 

if the part of the stomach nearest the spine were in- 
flamed. {JY n,) 

Violent painful constriction in the region of the 

cardia. (M,) 

Warmth in the stomach. (B.) 
Burning in the stomach. ( Williamson,) 
Heartburn and running of water in the mouth. {B,) 
70. ^ Heartburn of long duration. [Jeanes,) 
ABDOMEN. — ^^Pain in the right hypochondrium. 

[Jeanes,) 

Distension of the abdomen, with shortness of breath. 

Flatulent rumbhng in the abdomen, with pain. (jS.) 
Shght pain, sensation of motion in the abdomen, and 

escape of offensive flatus. [JYoack,^ 

75. Pain in the abdomen, always worse after eating. 

[Eckh,) 

Dull pain in the abdomen. [Link,) 

Some pain in the lower part of the abdomen. [Geisf,) 

Sensation in the abdomen, as if diarrhoea was about 

to occur. [Williamson,) 
Pappy stools. [B. K,) 
80. Whitish, soft stools. [Williamson,) 
ANUS. — Scraping sensation as from the passage of a 

rough hard body, during stool. [Williamson.) 

Discharge of black blood, after stool. ( Williamson,) 
* Copious haemorrhage from the haemorrhoidal vessels. 

[Jeanes,) 



184 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

URINE. — Desire to urinate and increased secretion 
of urine. {JYoack.) 

85. Increased secretion of urine. {K. JYoack.) 
Diminished secretion of urine. [JYoack,) 
Urine with a loose cloudy sediment. [B,) 
Urine easily decomposed, and depositing a pink sedi- 
ment, with a small brown crystal. (JYoack.) 

* Urine of a deep red colour, depositing a copious 
red sediment. (Jeanes,) 

90. Sticking pain in the region of the right kidney. 
(Geist.) 

Pain in the loins. [Jeanes.) 

SEXUAL. — [Uterine haemorrhage } Gosewisch,] 

Pains in the sacrum. (Eckh.) 

* Violent pain in the sacrum, with fever, etc., su- 
pervening suppression of the menses during their flow. 
(JYoack,) 

95. Aching pain in the urethra. {Williamson.) 

Smarting of the prepuce. {Williamson,) 

Troublesome feeling of weight in the genitals. (P.) 

COUGH. — Sneezing, accompanying gaping and flatu- 
lent eructation. ( Geist, ) 

Coughing. {K, Geist,) 

100. Frequent, short, dry cough. {Geist,) 

CHEST. — A general tightness of the chest, with 
short and somewhat laborious breathing. Discovered 
that he had a disposition involuntarily to keep his mouth 
open to breathe. (Z s,) 

Oppression of the chest. (Link,) 

A tightness of the breast, with heat in the forehead. 
{Geist.) 

Sensation of fulness in the chest, breathing somewhat 
short and superficial. Twenty- four respirations in a 
minute, (B.) 

105. Oppression causing a deep breath to be taken. 
{Jfoack,) 

Deep inspiration causes a feeling of comfort, from re- 
lieving the pressive pain in the epigastrium. {JYoack,) 

Oppression of breathing, acceleration of breathing, 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 185 

with the feeling as if it were insufficient, and therefore 
required from time to time a deeper inspiration. (jB.) 

Abdominal respiration less than usual. (Bo) 

Indination to sigh, deep inspiration. (Geist.) 

110. Short inspiration, slow expiration. (Geist,) 

Great difficulty of holding the breath. (B.) 

A peculiar feeling, between tickling and smarting in 
the larynx, like irritation to cough, which, however, 
occurred but seldom, and then was accompanied by a 
feeling of oppression. ( Geist.) 

Shght tickling, on taking a deep breath, under the 
lower part of the sternum. (B.) 

Sensation of a lump in the throat-pit, impeding respi- 
ration and deglutition. {Williamson.) 

115. ^ Chronic dyspnoea, w^ith the sensation of a 
lump in the pit of the throat, immediately above the 
sternum, impeding respiration and deglutition. (Jeanes.) 

* Paroxymsal ;asthma. ( Cutler ^ \Barton^ Jeanes ^ and 
others.) 

Pains in the chest, increased by deep inspira- 
tion. {B.) 

Pain in the breast. [Geist.) 

Pains in the chest after walking after dinner. (Eckh.) 

120. Burning feeling in the breast, passing upwards. 
{Geist.) 

Slight deep-seated pain in the region of the heart. 
{Geist.) 

Pain under the middle of the sternum. {Geist. 
Link.) 

Burning pain in a small spot under the right breast, 
near the epigastrium ; on a quick movement of the 
body, deep breathing, sneezing, and the feeling as if 
something had fallen out of its place, which went back 
again with great pain. The same pain in the epigas- 
trium and left side. {Eckh.) 

Violent boring pain through the back, under the right 
shoulder, extending from the painful place through the 
body, becoming more violent by motion. The painful 
place as if palsied. {Eckh.) 

16* 



186 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

125. Pressing pain at the left side of the lower part 
of the sternum. {Geist,) 

Feeling of drawing in the left breast, from the nipple 
to the axilla. (Geist.) 

Pain about the third, fourth, and fifth dorsal vertebrae. 
(Jeanes,) 

Rheumatic pains between the scapulae. (Geist.) 

Slight drawing pain between the scapulae ; previously 
slight muscular twitches over the ribs of the left side 
near the spine. (Geist.) 

EXTREMITIES.— 130. [Slight rheumatic feeling 
in the right shoulder-joint. (Geist,)] 

Pain, only when touched, in the muscles of the right 
arm, in a space of the width of the hand, the pain in 
the shoulder gone. (Geist.) 

Fine crawling stitches on the inside of the right del- 
toid muscle. (Geist. 

Paralytic feeling in the left arm. (Geist.) 

Pain in the right elbow-joint. (Geist.) 

135. Severe rheumatic pain in the right elbow-joint. 
(Williamson.) 

Pressing pain on the exterior, middle part of the 
thigh, and at the same time constrictive feeling in the 
head. (Geist.) 

* Inflammatory rheumatism of the right knee, with 
swelling and extreme pain. (Williamso7i.) 

Violent spasmodic pain in the left posterior ihac re- 
gion, scarcely allowing touch or motion. (P.) 

Violent tearing pain in the fibula, from below up to 
the knee-joint. (P.) 

140. Pain in the left leg, whilst sitting. (Geist.) 

A feeling about the knees of pain and stiflfness, as 
from fatigue. (Geist,) 

Weariness in the limbs. (Eckh.) 

Cramp-like feelings in the left gastrocnemius. 
{Geist.) 

Cramp in the calf of the leg, on awaking from a 
restless sleep. (Eckh.) 



LOBELIA INFLATA. l87 

145. Cramp-like feeling in the hollow of the left 
foot. (Geist.) 

Prickling sensation through the whole body, extend- 
ing even to the fingers and toes. [Cutler, Wil- 
liamson,) 

LobeHa is felt in the fingers and toes. [Tliom- 
sonians,) 

Frequent yawning and stretching. (5.) 

GENERAL. — Shivering through the whole body, 
[Eckh,) 

150. Feeling of weariness. [B,) 

Uunusual weariness. (P.) 

Heat, and incHnation to perspiration, particularly in 
the face. [B,) 

Chills down the back, with heat in the stomach. 
[Jeanes.) 

'^ Intermittent fever. 

155. Pulse more frequent, and weaker than usual, in 
the evening. {B,) 

Pulse slower than usual. [JVoack,) 

Pulse of the usual frequency, but smaller and weaker. 
[Jeanes,) 

Prostration of strength. [Jeanes.) 

Resdess sleep, with many dreams, also anxious 
dreams. [Eckh.) 

160. Sad dreams. [M.) 

Sleep disturbed at night by numerous dreams and 
frequent wakings. [Link,) 

Sobbing like a child. ( Thomson.) 



APPENDIX. 

The Lobelia inflata has been found both in large and 
in small doses a very valuable remedy in certain forms 
of asthmatic disease. Of its curative powers in these 
disorders, we have the testimony of Barton, Stewart, 
Randall, Bradstreet, Reece, Andrew, John Forbes, 



188 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

Elliotston, Cutler, Bidault de Villiers, Behrend, Neu- 
mann, SIgmond, and others. That the relief afforded in 
some of the cases has been permanent, amounting to 
•what may be properly termed cures, we also have satis- 
factory evidence. But its properties must be wonderful, 
if it can long sustain a reputation under this mode of 
application. Only adapted to relieve or to cure certain 
forms of asthma, but employed without discrimination 
for all, it must oftener be employed in cases where it 
is unsuitable, than in those which it suits. Whilst in 
some of the former cases no other inconvenience may 
be apparent than that arising from its medicinal opera- 
tions, yet in others it may aggravate the existing sym.p- 
toms, and add much to the sufferings and danger of the 
patients. This brings forward a mass of counter-testi- 
mony as to its applicability as a remedy, under the op- 
probrium of which it would decline into disuse.' 

That it has relieved, in doses of a few drops of the 
tincture, we have the testimony of Noack ; but whether 
this mode of application has much to recommend it, 
time, observation and experience must determine. 

That it has effected cures in the infinitesimal, minute 
doses of the homoeopathist, I have the evidence of 
numerous cases in. my own practice ; that these cures 
w^ould not have taken place had the remedy been ad- 
ministered in emetic doses, or in Noack's drop doses, 
I cannot assert. I can only be certain that they did 
take place after the administration of the minute doses, 
and according to my judgment in consequence of such 
administration. But it must be allowed, that if the 
minute dose answers only as well as the larger, it is 
much to be preferred, on ihe grounds of pleasantness 
and convenience. 

Noack has arrived at the conclusion that its opera- 
tion is peculiarly directed on the pneumogastric nerve, 
an opinion which is strongly supported both by its 
pathogenesis, and its curative effects. 

There are other operations of Lobelia inflata than 
those on the lungs and stomach which are worthy of at- 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 



189 



tention. Eberle succeeded readily in the reduction of an 
incarcerated hernia, after an enema of the infusion of 
this plant. This might depend upon mere relaxation, as 
from blood-letting, the tobacco enema, &c. &c. But 
an experience of my own has made me suspect that it 
possesses some properties which render it peculiarly 
suitable as a remedy in hernia. A patient labouring 
under all the symptoms of incarcerated hernia w4iich 
remained in all their violence, after the apparent reduc- 
tion of the hernia, (most probably from a constriction of 
the sac,) received, when in an almost hopeless condi- 
tion, a minute dose of Lobelia inflata. In the course 
of two hours the bowels, which had not been moved 
for several days, became open, and ^the symptoms of 
incarceration speedily disappeared. This may have 
been a spontaneous change, such as has occurred in 
other cases of hernia, but it is certainly calculated to 
call attention to the investigation of the Lobelia inflata 
as a remedy for incarcerated hernia. 

Doctor Gosewdsch, of Wilmington, Delaware, re- 
marks, in a letter to me : '' Among the symptoms of 
lobelia which I have seen until now, I do not find any 
thing said about haemorrhages. At first Dr. Edward 
Caspar! told me he gave lobelia to an elderly lady, 
(who had not menstruated for four years,) for a pain in 
the right shoulder ; it relieved the pain and brought on 
menstruation. I gave the same medicine to a lady in 
the last stage of consumption, who had not menstruated 
for six months ; it palliated the cough and brought the 
menses, which continued for some days, though of 
course in small quantity; she died about three weeks af- 
terwards. A lady over fifty years of age, who had long 
ceased to menstruate, had, after taking lobelia for a 
cough, bleeding at the nose. I have now^ under my 
care a boy w^ho, after taking a Thomsonian emetic, had 
every evening, after an hour's sleep, a violent raving, 
\vith flashing of the face and palpitation of the heart. 
This has yielded rapidly to homoeopathic treatment.'^ 

In some forms of gastric disorder the Lobelia inflata 



190 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

has been found a valuable remedy. Noack gives the 
two following cases of cardialgia. 

Cardialgia simplex, A young man had suffered for 
many years from attacks of pressing in the stomach, 
which extended itself upwards into the breast, causing 
a .feeling of oppression and accompanied by nausea, 
flowing of water into the mouth and disposition to vomit, 
but no vomiting. The attacks occurred at no certain 
intervals, and sometimes continued for a long time. He 
had already tried a variety of remedies, among others 
the Carlsbad waters, which at first afforded a little re- 
lief but after a time ceased to do so. At a time when 
there was considerable fever, he took two drops of the 
saturated tincture of Lobelia inflata, once a day .^or five 
days in succession ; many green diarrhoeal stool*^ occur- 
red, but the pressing at the stomach gradually dniiinished 
and by the sixth day was entirely removed. Nineteen 
months aftervv^ards the patient still remained free from 
the disease. 

Cardialgia hiliosa, A servant maid, aged twenty-six 
years, of bihous habit, had suffered for a long time from 
cramp of the stomach, which showed itself by a severe 
pressing feeling in the epigastrium, and which was ex- 
cited by certain kinds of food, or mental emotion, espe- 
cially in the evening, and continued into the night. In 
October, 1839, after fright and vexation during the 
menstrual period, which caused a suppression, she com- 
plained of alternating heat and cold, nausea, bitter taste, 
thirst, vomiting of bile, severe pressing in the epigas- 
trium atter eating, and also whilst fasting, exacerbating 
in the evening ; oppression and a feeling of anxiety in 
the breast, and pain in the sacral region ; her tongue had 
a yellow coating, and her pulse was small, weak and 
slow. , A drop of the tincture of lobelia was given 
morning and evening, and by the second day produced 
marked effects. Severe pain in Ihe forehead and fre- 
quent diarrhoeal stools (seven in the day) took place, 
the vomiting ceased, the nausea diminished and the 
breast was no longer oppressed. A drop of the tincture 



LOBELIA IXFLATA. 191 

on the third and fourth days removed the remaining 
bitter taste and the sacral pain. The patient ^vas per- 
fectly well by the fifth day. 

To the above I add the following cases from my work 
on homoeopathic practice, remarking that they have 
since been confirmed by many similar cures. 

Case in a married lady set. 38 ann. Accompanying 
chronic dyspnoea. Sensation of weakness and oppres- 
sion at the epigastrium, and extending from thence into 
the chest. Burning in the stomach, and a sensation as 
if there was a burning lump in the pit of the throat, 
which appeared to impede swallowing and respiration. 
In swallowing, it seemed as if at this point something 
rose up to meet the food and obstruct its descent into 
the stomach. Frequent eructation of acid fluid with sen- 
sation of burning. Frequent vomiting of the food after 
meals, especially after eating warm food. She '^ had 
not known what it was to be without heart-burn for one 
hour for the last year." Her urine was high coloured, 
and deposited a copious red sediment. She had for a 
long time been subject to pain in the left lumbar region 
of the abdomen. Lobelia 416 effected a gradual but 
perfect removal of the whole train of her dyspeptic 
symptoms. 

In numerous cases besides the above, I have suc- 
ceeded in removing the dyspeptic symptoms by the em- 
ployment of the same remedy. The chief indications 
for its use are — the sense of weakness and oppression at 
the epigastrium, and at the same time some oppression 
at the- breast. But the nearer the approach of the symp- 
toms has been to those of the above case, the less have 
I been disappointed in my expectations of a strikingly 
beneficial operation of the lobeUa. There are, however, 
some cases wdiere, although the symptoms of pectoral 
oppression are very trifling, yet this remedy operates 
satisfactorily. In a case of this kind, which I have but re- 
cently treated, and which occurred in a fat and robust man 
about 45 years of age, who complained chiefly of a copi- 
ous hsemorrhoidal discharge and consequent debility. 



192 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

and a sensation of tightness in the epigastrium and some 
acidity of stomach. I at first gave him nux vom. with- 
out any apparent abatement of his disease, and subse- 
quently some other remedies with the same want of suc- 
cess. At length he complained of some oppression at 
the breast, for which I administered lobeha 5|6. The 
following day he informed me that he felt new life and 
vigour, and that the pectoral, gastric and hsemorrhoidal 
disorders had all disappeared. Since that time, now 
about two weeks, he has remained free from them, and 
also from a feeling of want of power in the anus and 
rectum which was exceedingly uncomfortable to him 
while at stool, and to which he had been subject for 
many years. 

In bleeding from the hsemorrhoidal vessels the Lobe- 
lia inflata has proved useful in the case just mentioned, 
and also in my own person. 

The following cases show that as a remedy for some 
forms of intermittent fever it is deserving of attention. 

Febris intermittens quotidiana. Attack at 10§ 
o'clock, A. M. In a man set. 49 ann. Severe cold- 
ness, alternating w^ith flashes of heat till 12 M., when 
the heat, which was moderate, became more constant, 
but alternating with shght chilliness, continuing till 
evening. Profuse sweat at night, slept during the 
sweat as usual. Thirst great from the first chill and 
during the whole of the hot stage, but Vv^orsein the chill. 
Respiration short, anxious, laborious and wheezing, 
with sensation of tightness of the chest. Sensation of 
oppression and weakness, principally at the epigastrium, 
but extending thence through the whole breast. Tick- 
ling in the pit of the throat, with frequent hacking 
cough. Severe headache, extending round the forehead 
from one temple to the other. Loss of appetite, both 
in the paroxysm and apyrexia. Tongue white, scaly, 
coated on the right side, but clean on the left. Great 
debility. Lobelia inflata 15115, given at 3^ o'clock, 
P. M., during the paroxysm, produced considerable re- 
lief of the oppression of the respiratory organs, and the 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 193 

next day there was a very slight paroxysm, of short 
duration ; the third day and afterwards no more. 

Febris intermittens. Chill (shaking chill) with thirst, 
then heat with thirst and sweat. The thirst is some- 
times observed before the chill and through the whole 
fever ; often only before the chill, and not in it, and then 
again in the heat. The coldness is increased after drink- 
ing. The sweat begins with the heat, or after the heat 
has continued for some time. 

The Lobelia inflata has by some been considered a 
valuable remedy in whooping cough. Noack remarks, 
that in some cases of whooping cough the lobelia ap- 
pears to him to be even in the third stage (stadium ady- 
namicum) of essential service. 

The Lobelia inflata has not only been proposed as a 
remedy for croup, but it has also been extensively em- 
ployed as such by the Thomsonians, and, from all that 
I have been able to learn, with a safety and success 
fully equal to that of the emetic treatment with the 
emetic substances in common use among other alloeo- 
pathic physicians. But that the Lobelia inflata possesses 
properties which render it more adapted to the cure of 
croup than tartar emetic, ipecacuanha, squills, or senega, 
my observation has not led me to believe. 

These medicines, by producing new and violent de- 
rangements, revolutionize the system, and thus fre- 
quently subdue the croup. They may sometimes, 
however, by their direct action upon the stomach, alter- 
ing or removing the morbid condition, aid in a more 
direct, though still an indirect manner, in the cure of 
croup, where the irritation of the mucous membrane of 
the wind-pipe is sympathetic with gastric disorder. 

Although the emetics above enumerated may often 
prove effectual remedies for the croup, yet we have only 
to compare the cases cured through the medium of their 
violent and stormy action, with those which are cured 
by hepar, spongia, fphosphorus, and other fremedies of 
similar powers, to enable us to appreciate the difference 
between cure by remedies of direct and indirect opera- 

17 



194 LOBELIA INFLATA. . 

tion. The former, when given in sufficiently small closes, 
operate quietly and speedily, the local disease disap- 
pears as if by a charm, whilst the general health re- 
mains unimpaired by the remedy. The latter must be 
given in sufficiently large quantities to produce such 
great derangement of the actions as to overcome all minor 
derangements, involving them as the whirlwind involves 
the winds in its tempestuous vortex, and leaving, like 
the whirlwind, prostration and wreck behind. 

So far as my observation extends, the Lobelia inflata 
is not to be considered a homoeopathic remedy for croup: 
that is, a remedy possessing that power of directly 
modifying the condition of the parts most affected in 
croup, in such a manner as to effect a cure of this dis- 
ease when given in small alterative doses. If there are 
any conditions of the system under which it exerts a 
decided influence of this character, further experience 
and knowledge of the remedy may show. 

It will be proper to add, to what has already been 
said, some cases of cures effected by the use of the 
Lobelia inflata. 

Asthma. Dr. M. Cutler narrates his own case as 
follows : " It has been my misfortune to be an asthma- 
tic for about ten years. I have made trial of a great 
variety of the usual remedies with very little benefit. 
In several paroxysms I had found immediate relief, more 
frequently than from any thing else, from the skunk- 
cabbage, {Bracontium fcBtidum, Lin., Arum Ameri- 
canumy Catesby.) The last summer I had the severest 
attack I ever experienced. It commenced early in 
August, and continued about eight weeks. Dr. Drury, 
of Marblehead, also an asthmatic, had made use of the 
Indian tobacco, by the advice of a friend, in a severe 
paroxysm early in the spring. It gave him immedi- 
ate relief, and he has been entirely free from the com- 
plaint from that time. I had a tincture made of the 
fresh plant, and took care to have the spirit fully satu- 
rated, which I think is important. In a paroxysm, 
which perhaps was as severe as I ever experienced, the 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 195 

difficulty of breathing extreme, and after it had continued 
for a considerable time, I took a table-spoonful. In 
three or four minutes my breathing was as free as it ever 
was, but I felt no nausea at the stomach. In ten minutes 
I took another spoonful which occasioned sickness. 
After ten minutes I took the third, which produced seji- 
sible effects upon the coats of the stomach, and a very 
little moderate puking, and a kind of prickly sensation 
through the whole system, even to the extremities of 
the fingers and toes. The urinary passage was per- 
ceptibly affected by producing a smarting sensation on 
passing urine, which was probably provoked by stimulus 
upon the bladder. But all these sensations very soon 
subsided, and vigour seemed to be restored to the consti- 
tution which I had not experienced for years. I have 
not since had a paroxysm, and only a few times some 
small symptoms of asthma. Besides the violent attacks, 
I had scarcely passed a night without more or less of 
it, and often so as not to be able to lie in bed. Since 
that time I have enjoyed as good health as, perhaps, 
before the first attack.'^ He afterwards further remarks 
that, " in all instances of which I have had information, 
it has produced immediate relief, but the effects have 
been different in different kinds of asthma, some patients 
have been severely puked with only a tea-spoonful, but 
in all cases some nausea seems to be necessary. The 
asthma with which I have been afflicted, I conceive to 
be of that kind which Dr. Bree, in his practical inqui- 
ries on disordered respiration, &c., calls the first species, 
" a convulsive asthma from pulmonic irritation of 
effused serum." My constitution has been free, I be- 
lieve, from any other disorder, than w^hat has been oc- 
casioned by an affection of the lungs, anxiety of the 
praecordia, and straitness of the breast, and other symp- 
toms.^produced by that affection." 

Dr. WilUam P. C. Barton states, that he adminis- 
tered it to a domestic in his family, '' who was distress- 
ingly affected with spasmodic asthma. She is a female 
of narrow and depressed thorax, and for years past has 



196 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

been subject to this complaint. During one of the 
paroxysms I directed her to take a tea-spoonful of the 
brandy tincture every two hours. After taking the 
second spoonful, she was immediately relieved. In a 
subsequent attack, the experiment was repeated, in- 
creasing the dose|to a^ tea-spoonful every hour, with the 
same effect ; the patient declaring that she never found 
such immediate, and entire relief, from any of the 
numerous medicines she had previously taken for this 
complaint. She complained of dizziness, nausea, and 
some debility after taking the second spoonful." 

Dr. Alphons Noack, of Leipzig, narrates the follow- 
ing case. 

" Asthma. A lady in the climactric years, of bilious 
constitution, choleric temperament and great excitability, 
in a high degree hysterical, w^ho had been married 
young, and since then been attacked from time to time 
by severe constrictive pains of the chest, uninterrupted 
hiccough, a jerking out of sounds w^hich resembled a 
disagreeable laughter, and distortion of the muscles of 
the face. The paroxysms, when less severe, consisted 
only of loud sighing, moaning, with hurried expiration; 
the abdominal muscles worked strongly, the hands were 
firmly pressed upon the breast, the countenance pre- 
sented the expression of a painful smile, and the pulse, 
with the skin at the ordinary temperature, was small, 
oppressed and slow. After some five minutes, longer 
and less noisy expiration, and long drawn sighs occurred, 
the patient became able to speak, opened her eyes, 
complained of great thirst, severe pain in the breast, 
epigastrium, hypochondria and loins, and of great 
debility. After short pauses, new^ attacks supervened 
on each other for many hours. The paroxysms were 
awaited in a lying posture, with the head drawn back. 
Strong mental emotion and frequent social dissipation, 
especially through the whole night, brought on these 
paroxysms, which mostly appeared in the early morning 
hours, and then did not repeat themselves for twenty- 
four hours. The habitual disorders of the patient con- 



LOBELIA INFLATA. 19^ 

sisted, moreover, in day sleepiness, nightly sleepless- 
ness, twitching in the sleep, before going to sleep 
restlessness, heat in the hands and feet, which were at 
other times cold ; shortness of breath from somewhat 
severe exertion of the body, pressing pain in the fore- 
head, and frequent vomiting of water, with otherwise 
good digestion. In the earlier periods of her disease 
numerous medicines, from the so-called class of the 
volatile remedies, as musk, &c., also many mineral 
waters, were prescribed, but without ^success. I also 
had no cause to congratulate myself on my success with 
the many remedies I had employed, until I resolved to 
administer the lobelia. For a length of time I allowed 
her to take, evening and morning, a drop of the tincture 
on sugar, and during the attacks the same dose every 
quarter of an hour. The result was tolerably satisfac- 
tory, inasmuch as, at times, the disease only gave inti- 
mations of approach, without coming to an outbreak, 
and also when this happened they were both far less 
severe and of shorter duration ; instead of the moaning 
presenting only sighing. But this modification w^as all 
that the lobelia could effect, the disorder not yet being 
removed." 

I proceed now to mention one of the many cases of 
asthmatic disease in w^hich lobelia has proved useful in 
my hands. 

Case of a married lady set. 38 ann. the mother of 
several children. She had suffered since her childhood 
from, dyspnoea, increased by any active exertion, by 
going up or down stairs, by exposure to cold, and eating 
very warm food. Pain in the left lumbar region of the 
abdomen (also from childhood.) Within the last 
year, constant burning in the stomach and throat, with a 
sensation of dryness in the latter, as also of a lump in 
the pit of the throat which impeded respiration and de- 
glutition. Weakness and oppression in the epigastrium 
with other symptoms of gastric derangement. Urine of 
a deep red, depositing a copious red sediment. Lobelia 
inflata, 4|6 was given in the evening, and by next morn* 

17^ 



198 LOBELIA INFLATA. 

ing the sensation of lump and burning in the throat, to- 
gether with the dyspnoea, had greatly diminished, and 
in a few days entirely disappeared. The urine also be- 
came perfectly normal in appearance. She has con- 
tinued well, without perceiving a trace of the asthmatic 
symptoms and pain in her left side, which she had ex- 
perienced from childhood. 

The symptoms which I have found most strongly to 
indicate the lobelia, are constant dyspnoea, which is in- 
creased by slight exertion, and aggravated so much by 
slight exposures to cold, as to form a kind of asthmatic 
paroxysm. A sensation of oppression and weakness at 
ithe epigastrium, extending upwards from thence into the 
breast, with or without pyrosis and cardialgia. A sen- 
sation of a lump or quantity of mucus, or of pressure, in 
the pit of the throat. A pain extending around the 
forehead from one temple to the other. Pain in the back 
about the lowest dorsal vertebra. Pain in the left side 
of the abdomen, immediately below the short ribs. High 
coloured urine depositing a copious red sediment. 

Since the preceding remarks were written I have been 
induced by the pathogenesis of the LobeUa inflata, to 
employ it in the following severe case of a disease, 
which, though generally termed bilious colic, might 
much more properly be called 

Gastralgia biliosa. A robust man of 35 years of age, 
who had an intermittent fever suppressed about a week 
before by the employment of the sulphate of quinia, in 
grain doses frequently repeated, was attacked during the 
night with uneasiness of the stomach, which continuing 
to increase, he took, about 10 o'clock in the forenoon, a 
large dose of anti-bilious pills. In the evening the pain 
became excessively violent. It occurred in frequent 
paroxysms of most excruciating pain, chiefly in the re- 
gion of the stomach, accompanied with the feeling of a 
heavy load, great nausea and a disposition to vomit. By 
pushing his finger down his throat, he was enabled to 
produce vomiting, and succeeded in bringing up some 
thick yellow bile. About 10 o'clock, I was called to 



LOBELIA INFLATAt 199 

see him, I found him bathed in a cold sweat, with great 
prostration of strength and very feeble pulse, I gave him 
a drop of the first centesimal dilution of the tinc- 
ture of the Lobelia inflata in a little sugar. It w^as suc- 
ceeded by a paroxysm even more violent than any of 
the preceding. In his agony he made the same efforts 
to accompHsh vomiting as before, but succeeded in bring- 
ing up but litde. As the pain in the stomach began to 
abate, he complained of violent pain in the top of the 
right shoulder, and shortly afterwards of pain in the 
back, from about the first to the fourth dorsal vertebra. 
This pain lasted for some minutes. He then laid down 
and appeared to fall into a light sleep, during which the 
hands became warmer, the skin dryer, and the pulse 
stronger. In about half an hour he had another pa- 
roxysm, the pain w^hich was not half so severe as it had 
been before, was felt lower in the abdomen, and was 
accompanied by rumbling of flatus. Soon after this I 
left him, feeling very confident that the disease w^as sub- 
dued. As he was very anxious about the pills not 
having operated, I allowed him, after he had rested a 
short time, an enema of molasses and water, which was 
followed by a couple of stools in the course of the night. 
The next day I found him sitting up, but quite weak,though 
entirely free from pain, of which he had but little after 
the second paroxysm, which followed the administration 
of the lobelia. In this case, the pathogenetic operation 
of the lobelia in the production of the pain in the shoul- 
der and back, (which he had not felt previously to its 
employment,) led me to anticipate the result of its action, 
and all happened afterwards as I expected. The powder 
of this remedy to produce those identical vsymptoms I 
knew, and w^hen the patient complained of them, it was 
plain to me that the remedy was strongly operatingupon 
the system, and that on this ground I must view the in- 
creased violence of the paroxysm as a homceopathic 
aggravation, which must be followed by cure. The 
improvement of the condition after this paroxysm, so 
different from that in which I found him, confirmed these 



200 LOBELIA CARDINALIS. 

views, which were still further corroborated by the mild- 
ness of the next paroxysm which also proved to be the 
last. Some persons will no doubt attribute the cure to 
the enema, which would aid in the operation of the pur- 
gative pills taken in the morning. But I object to this 
view of the case, that the cure was almost complete be- 
fore the bowels were open ; in fact, that the bowels were 
opened in consequence of the cure, instead of the cure 
being a consequence of such opening. 



LOBELIA CARDTNALIS. 

BY SAMUEL R. DUBS, M. D. 

The Scarlet Lobelia^ or Cardinal flower. Die rothe 
Cardinals blume^ Germ, La Cardinale^ Fr. 

Spec, Char. " Erect, simple, pubescent," leaves 
ovate-lanceolate-acuminate, erose-denticulate, raceme 
subsecund, many-flowered, the organs longer than the 
corolla." Barton, 

This plant is said to have been employed as an an- 
thelmintic, by the Cherokee Indians. Little or nothing, 
however, appears to be known of its value as a vermi- 
fuge, or of its other properties. 

Took ten drops of the concentrated tincture, in about 
the third of a tumbler of water, at ten minutes past 10 
o'clock, A. M. After the lapse of several minutes, it 
produced a burning sensation, with stinging in the 
tongue and fauces, which lasted till 12 o'clock at night. 

In twenty minutes after taking, felt a sticking, like the 
pricking of needles in the sole of the left foot, shooting 
inwards. Passed awaj in a few minutes. 

Same sensation, thirty minutes after taking, in the inner 
part of the right thigh, just above the knee. II5 o'clock, 
A. M. Dryness of the nose with fulness, followed by 
sneezing. 



LOBELIA CARDINALIS. 201 

12 o'clock, M. Severe stitch in the left side of the 
chest, which compelled me to press with the hand to 
moderate it, as it nearly took my breath ; it continued 
about ten minutes. 

124 o'clock, P. M. Same sticking pain in the left 
hypochondrium, which came on suddenly and so violently 
as to induce me to cry out. I placed the ends of my 
fingers over the spot, and the pain was at once mode- 
rated. Lasted about five minutes. 

Bowels were opened about this time ; stools at first 
thin, and then more consistent. 

3 o'clock, P. M. Tongue raw, and sore, very red, 
especially at its tip, and a painful blister on that part. 

Throat sore and dry, with disposition to swallow, as 
also to hawk up phlegm. 

Headache dull and distressing, with fulness in the 
forehead and base of the occiput ; the latter part was 
peculiarly painful. The pain increased by motion, or 
shaking the head. 

5 o'clock, P. M. Severe pricking pain with itching 
in the heel of the left foot, so great as scarcely to be 
borne. 

Headache increased, throbbing and weakness in the 
lower extremities, so much so, as to cause me to lie 
down. Hot sweat on the forehead, with throbbing in 
that part, and at the base of the occiput. - 

Stiffness of the nape of the neck. Dull pains in the 
upper maxillary bone of each side, with aching in the 
molar teeth. 

Whilst lying down, great sleepiness, with difficulty of 
falling asleep. Constant dreaming wdth extreme light- 
ness of the head. Starting in sleep, with jerkings of the 
hands. 

7 o'clock, P. M. The soreness of the fauces is dimi- 
nished, but the burning and pricking sensation remains 
the same. The soreness has extended lower down to 
the pharynx, and upper part of the oesophagus. 

7J o'clock, P. M. Unpleasant sticking pain in the 
epigastrium, which lasted five minutes. 



202 LOBELIA CARDINALIS. 

9 o'clock. Very little pain in the forehead, but the 
pain is still throbbing, and almost insupportable in the 
occiput and nape of the neck. 

Soreness in the eyes, with smarting and slight water- 
ing. Great repugnance to the light of a lamp. 

10 o'clock, P. M. Oppression of the breathing, with 
dull and distressing pain in the lower part of the ster- 
num, with the same feeling on each side forming a kind of 
circle. Relieved by beating lightly upon the part with 
the hand. 

Dull heavy pain in the epigastrium, with sensation of 
a weight or load. 

Dull distressing pain about three inches below^, and a 
little to the left of the epigastrium. 

Debility, and languor of the whole system, with w^eak- 
ness like from a sprain across the kidneys. 

11^ o'clock, P. M. Slight shooting pain in the fore- 
head, with an eruption of small vesicular pimples in the 
centre and upper part of this locality. They feel sore 
on passing the hand over them. The pain in the occi- 
put is now very slight. Disposition to sing, which I was 
continually doing whilst walking up and down the 
parlour. 

12 o'clock at night. Thirst for cold w^ater, of which 
I drank half a pint. This very much relieved the pain 
and burning in the tongue and fauces. The pain and 
oppression at the breast were also alleviated. 

Next day at 6 o'clock, A. M. Head feels light with 
dull pain in the forehead and occiput. 

8 o'clock, A. M. Eyes burning and watery, with 
dread of light, and feel sore on closing them. Mouth 
and fauces dry, with a raw and distressed feeling ex- 
tending down to the epigastrium. Some nausea, and 
still much distress at the epigastrium. 

No appetite for breakfast. 

Throughout the day great debility of the whole frame, 
but more especially of tiie lower extremities. They are 
so much fatigued by any exertion, that it is with diffi- 



LOBELIA CARDINALIS. ^ 203 

culty that I can drag them along. My knees bend under 
me in walking. 

August 13th. Sticking pains with sensation of a load 
at the epigastrium. Dryness and rawness^ from the 
mouth to the epigastrium. 

Appetite still very indifferent. 

Oppression of the breathing through the day, with 
sticking pains on taking a long breath. Pricking pain 
in the left lung, coming on several times during the day, 
and lasting for several minutes each time. 

Great weakness of the lower extremities. 

Unpleasant taste in the mouth in the morning, and 
through the day. 

Prickings like from needles in the calf of the left leg 
and the heel, worse in the latter part. 

Most of the above symptoms continued, though with less 
intensity for two weeks, and it was at least three weeks 
before my stomach recovered its usual tone, and my 
usual good appetite returned. 



204 PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 



PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM 



Synon. Anapodophyllum canadense. 

Aconitifolia humilis, flore albo unico campanulato 
fructu cynosbati. 

Vulgo, May-apple, Hog-apple, Mandrake, Wild- 
lemon, Ducks-foot. 

German. Schildblattriger Entenfuss, Entenfuss, 
Fluss-blatt. 

Dutch, Eendenpoot. 

JYat. Syst, Juss. Ranunculaceae. 

JYat. Orel. Linn, Rhosadese. 

JYat, Fam, Podophyllese. ^ 

Class, Polyandria. 

Order, Monogynia. 

Gen. Char. — Calyx, Perianth inferior, of three 
large, coloured, ovate, ascending leaves, caducous. 

Corolla, Petals about nine, orbicular, concave, 
plated at the margin. 

Stam, Filaments numerous, very short ; anthers 
oblong, large, erect. 

Pist, German superior, roundish ; style none ; 
stigma obtuse, sessile, plicate, crenate. 

Peric, Berry globose, crowned with the permanent 
stigma, one-celled, many-seeded. 

Recep, Unilateral, large and pulpy. 

Spec. Char. Stem erect, one foot high, two-leaved, 
one-flowered; leaves peltate, palmate, lobate; lobe 
cuneate, incised. Blooms in May. Flowers white. 
Fruit mature in the latter end of August, lemon-coloured, 
of the size of a large plum and slightly maculated w^ith 
brownish dots ; the pulp to the taste at first is faintly 



PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 205 

nauseous, but agreeably sub-acid, and much esteemed 
by many persons. It is said the pigeons of Carohna are 
fattened by eating it. 

Root perennial, creeping, from three to six feet in 
length, about twice the size of a goose quill, of a rich 
yellowish brown colour externally, and feeble yellowish 
white within. The main root is round and smooth, ex- 
cept that it is interrupted every three or four inches by 
knuckled joints, from which grow out numerous light 
coloured fibres. One of these joints which mark the 
successively annual attachments of the stem is added to 
the length of the root every year. 

The root of the Podophyllum peltatum, according to 
the chemical analysis made by Dr. Staples, contains 
resin, gum or mucilage, soluble in cold water, amadin, 
colouring matter, extractive matter, ligneous fibre, and 
a minute quantity of an insipid substance soluble in sul- 
phuric ether, from which it crystallizes in minute acicu- 
lar crystals. 

The leaves and root are the parts used in medicine. 
The leaves emit a strong narcotic odour, and have a 
nauseous taste. The root has a fresh nauseous smell 
and somewhat bitter taste. In popular phrase the leaves 
are said to be poisonous, the root medicinal, and the 
fruit edible. The fruit is aperient. 

The preparation of Podophyllum peltatum, chiefly 
used in collecting the symptoms which follow, was com- 
posed of equal parts of the alcoholic tincture of the 
root . and a tincture of the leaves, made by rubbing 
them up with alcohol, and immediately expressing the 
liquid from them. 

This plant is emphatically a native, as it is indige- 
nous to North America only, and is found growing lux- 
uriously throughout the boundaries of the United States. 
It chiefly inhabits rich, loamy woodlands, but is fre- 
quently found growing in meadows, near small streams, 
and other low grounds. 

The most conspicuous effect of Podophyllum peltatum, 
when taken in the dose of twenty or thirty grains of the 

18 



206 PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 

powdered root, is purgation : a still larger dose will 
occasionally produce copious vomiting. By many prac- 
titioners it is considered one of the most safe and active 
catharticS; being slower in its operation, and less nausea- 
ting to irritable stomachs than jalap ; it produces liquid 
discharges, without much griping or other unpleasant 
effects. 

Dr. Snow, a graduate of the University of Pennsylva- 
nia, experimented on this article, and submitted the 
following result, in his inaugural thesis in 1819. 

" A decoction was made, by putting two ounces of 
the leaves to one quart of water, and boiling and sim- 
mering it to eight ounces. At nine o'clock in the even- 
ing half of it was given to a full grown dog, and in 
thirty minutes the remainder. In ten minutes after the 
last dose, the pulsations of the heart were very weak, 
and from fifty to fifty-five in a minute ; a copious saliva- 
tion was produced ; increased at twelve o'clock, but no 
narcotic effect ; at ten o'clock and again at twelve 
o'clock he vomited, and the next morning he was found 
dead. The vomiting having been almost incessant 
from twelve o'clock until he died.^' 

^' One drachm of the leaves, in powder^ produced 
restlessness for a short time in a dog, but afterwards he 
appeared to be as well as usual. 

" Six drachms of the extract were toade from two 
and a half ounces of the leaves, and then formed into 
pills of two grains. 

" 1st experiment. One pill was taken ; pulse natu- 
ral, seventy-six strokes in a minute ; in one hour it had 
gradually diminished to sixty-five strokes in a minute, 
and continued so for about two hoars. 

'' 2d experiment. Two pills were taken ; pulse 
seventy-four in a minute, full and strong ; in one hour 
it had diminished to sixty-one, and in two hours after- 
wards it was still the same, weak and small. 

" 3d experiment. Three pills were taken ; pulse 
seventy-six, full and strong ; in one hour it diminished 
to sixty-four, and in two hours more it remained the 



PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 207 

same, small and feeble, accompanied with slight 
nausea." 

" In a case of severe cough, accompanied with re- 
mittent fever, pulse small and tense ; two grains of the 
leaves were given every three hours ; on the second day, 
the pulse being still tense, four grains more were given, 
and on the third day there was a^complete intermission, 
and a permanent cure effected. 

In a case of pleurisy, after a small bleeding, pulse 
full ; six grains of the leaves were given every two 
hours, and on the fourth day the patient was perfectly 
restored." 

Being endued with the power of diminishing the 
frequency of the pulse, and the property of purging, 
the Podophyllum peltatum has been considered by 
alloeopathists especially adapted to the treament of in- 
flammatory diseases, which, in their opinion, require 
brisk purging ; and by some it has been considered 
useful in intermittent fever, independently of its purga- 
tive quality. 

The root also often operates as an anthelmintic, and 
as such has been used by the Cherokee and other 
southern Indians. 

We have the concurrent testimony of a number of 
practitioners as to its efficacy in the treatment of mer- 
curial rheumatism, colica pictonum, intermittent, re- 
mittent and congestive fevers, dropsy, hepatic conges- 
tions, scrofulous complaints, cough, hemoptysis, catarrhal 
and other pulmonary affections. 

The relative position which the Podophyllum pelta- 
tum occupies among the natural families of plants, and 
the medicinal properties it is already known to possess, 
fully justifies the opinion that it is destined to become 
one of the most important of all the valuable medicinal 
plants indigenous to this country. 

^Antidote, Nux vom. 

Compare with: Ars., Bry., Nux vom., Puis., Sep., 
Sulph. 



208 PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 

Dose, The attenaations made use of in collecting 
the' following symptoms, were the Ist^ 3c?, and 15th. 

Much may be expected from Podophyllum peltatum 
in the following diseases, w^hen indicated by the simi- 
larity of the symptoms : 

Congestions of internal organs, especially of the liver 
and spleen. 

Congestion of the head, with derangement of vision. 

Periodical diseases. 

Sympathetic affections. 

Disease of one organ interrupting the functions of 
another. 

Hypochondriasis. 

Indigestion. 

Headache, from disorder of the digestive organs. 

Diarrhoea. 

Dysentery, 

Prolapsis aiii. 

Hem^orrhoids, 

Asthmatic complaints. 

Colica pictonum. 

Rheumatism. 

Rheumatic affections from the abuse of mercury. 

Remittent fever. 

Intermittent fever. 

Dropsies. 

Verminous diseases. 

Diseases with a slow pulse. 

Pleurisy. 

Cough. 

Heartburn. 

Waterbrash. 

Cholera irifantum. 

Diseases of children durino; dentition. 



GENERAL SYMPTOMS.— Sudden shocks of jerk- 
ing pains. ( Williamson.) 



PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM, 209 

The symptoms generally but especially the abdominal 
symptoms, are aggravated in the morning and better in 
the evening. [Williamson.) 

SKIN.— * Softness of the flesh, with debility in 
children. ( Williamson, ) 

* Moistness of the skin, with preternatural warmth. 
{Williamson,) 

* Sallowness of the skin in children. [Williamson,) 
SLEEP. — Sleepiness in the day time, especially in 

the forenoon, with rumbling in the the Bowels. [Jeanes, 
Ward and Williamson.) 

5. Restlessness in the fore part of the night. ( William^ 
son J Jeanes.) 

Sleepiness early in the evening. {Williamson.) 

Too heavy sleep at night. [Williamson,) 

Distress after the first sleep in the evening. ( William^ 
son,) 

Rising up in bed during vsleep, without waking. 
(Williamson.) 

10. * Restless sleep of children, with whimpering at 
night. ( Williamson.) 

Moaning in sleep, with eye lids half closed. ( William- 
son.) 

Drowsy and difficult to wake in the morning. [Wil- 
liamson,) 

Unrefreshed by sleep, on waking in the morning, 
[Husmann^ Jeanes^ Ward and Williamson,) 

* A feeling of fatigue on waking in the morning. 
[Jeanes^ Williamson,) 

FEVER. — 15. * Chilliness while moving about during 
fever, and in the act of lying down, with perspiration 
immediately afterwards. [Williamson,) 

"^ Chilliness when first lying down in the evening, foU 
lowed by fever and sleep, which is disturbed with talk- 
ing, and imperfect wakings. [Williamson,) 

* Fever attended with constipation. (Williamson,) 
^ Fever with incoherent talking. [Williamson,) 
Intermittent fever, quotidian, tertain and quartai), 

(Williamson,) 

18* 



210 PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 

20. * Chill in the morning at 7 o'clock, with pressing 
pains in both hypochondrise, and dull aching pains in 
the knees and ankles, elbows and WTists. ( Williamson.) 

* Backache before the chill. (Williamson,) 

* The shaking and a sensation of coldness continues 
for some time after the heat commences. ( Williamson,) 

* Some thirst during the chill, but more through the 
heat. (Williamson,) 

* The patient is conscious during the chill, but can- 
not talk because he forgets the words he wishes to em- 
ploy. ( Williamson, ) 

25. ^ Delirium and loquacity during the hot stage, 
with forgetfulness afterwards of all that passed, f Wil- 
liamson,) 

^ Violent pain in the head, walh excessive thirst 
during the fever. (Williamson,) 

* Sleep during the perspiration. (Viilliamson,) 

* Loss of appetite in the apyrexia. (William.son,) 
HEAD. — Giddiness and dizziness, with the sensation 

of fulness over the eyes. (Williamson^ Jeanes,) 

30. Dulness and headache, with sleepiness in the 
morning. (Jeanes^ Williamson,) 

Momentary darts of pain in the forehead, obhging one 
to shut the eyes ; attended with giddiness. ( William- 
son.) 

Pain on the top of the head, when rising in the morn- 
ing. ( Williamson, ) 

Pressing pain in the temples in the forenoon, with 
drawing in the eyes, as if strabismus would follow. 
(Williams 071.) 

Stunning headache through the temples, relieved by 
pressure. ( Williamson . ) 

35. Morning, headache with heat in the vertex. 
( Williamson. ) 

* Delirium and loquacity during fever, with excessive 
thirst. ( Williamson, ) 

* Rolling of the head, during difficult dentition in 
children. ( Williamson.) 



PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 211 

* Perspiration of the head during sleep, with cold- 
ness of the flesh while teething. ( Williamson.) 

Sudden pain in the forehead, with soreness of the 

throat, in the evening. [Williamson.) 

40. Vertigo while standing in the open air. (Jeanes.) 
Vertigo with inclination to fall forwards. ( William^ 

son.) 

Headache alternating with diarrhoea. (^Williamson.) 
Heavy dull pain in the forehead, with soreness over 

the seat of the pain. ( Williamson.) 

* Morning headache with flushed face. (Williamsony 
Jeanes.) 

45. Pain in the left frontal protuberance, aggravated 
in the afternoon. [Williamson.) 

EYEwS. — Smarting of the eyes. {Willi<imson.) 

Drawing sensation in the eyes, accompanying pain in 
the head. [Williamson.) 

Pleaviness of the eyes, with occasional pains on the 
top of the head. [Williamson.) 

Pain in the eye balls, and in the temples, with lieat, 
and throbbing of the temporal arteries. [Williamson.) 

TEETH.— 50. * Grinding of the teeth at night, es- 
pecially with children during dentition. [Williamson.) 

The teeth are covered with dried mucus, in the morn- 
ing. ( Williamson.) 

MOUTH. — Copious salivation. {Willicimson.) 

^ Offensive odour from the mouth. [Williamson.) 

* Offensiveness of the breath at night, perceptible to 
the patient. [Williamson.) 

55. The taste of fried liver in the mouth at night. 
(Williamson.) 

Sourn ess of th e mouth . ( William^son . ) 

Dryness of the mouth and tongue, on waking in the 
morning. [Williamson.) 

^ White fur on the tongue with foul taste. [William- 
son.) 

THROAT. — Soreness in the left side of the throat, 
especially painful when swallowing liquids, and worse 
in the morning. [Williamson.) 



212 PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 

60. Dryness of the throat, {Williamson,) 
Soreness of the throat extending to the ears. ( WiU 
liamson,) 

f Ratthng of mucus in the throat. (PFilliamson.) 

* Goitre. {Williamson,) 

* Sore throat commencing on the right side, and then 
going to the left. ( Williamson.) 

APPETITE.— 65. * Voraceous appetite. {William- 
son,) 

* Satiety from a small quantity of food, followed by 
nausea and vomiting. {Williamson,) 

* Regurgitation of food. {Williamson.) 
Indifference to food. ( Williamson,) 
Loss of appetite. [Williamson,) 

70. ''^ Putrid taste in the mouth. {TVilliamson.) 
Desire for something sour. ( William,son,) 

* Moderate thirst during fever. {PFilliamson,) 
Thirst towards evening. [Williamson,) 

* Diarrhoea immediately after eating or drinking 
{Williamson,) 

STOMACH.— 75. * Sourness of the stomach. {WiU 
liamson,) 

*• Acid eructations. {Williamson,) 

Acidity in the afternoon with an unpleasant sickly 
sensation in the stomach. {Williamson,) 

^ Nausea and vomiting with fulness in the head. 
{Williamso7i,) 

* Vomiting of food an hour after a meal, with craving 
appetite immediately afterwards. {Willia?nso7i,) 

80. * Regurgitation of food. {Williamson,) 
Extreme nausea, continuing for several hours. ( Wil- 
liamson,) 

Vomiting of hot frothy mucus. ( Williamson.) 

* Vomiting of food with putrid taste and odour. 
(Williamson,) 

* Heartburn. {Williamson,^ 

85. * Waterbrash. {Williamson,) 
Heat in the stomach. {Williamson,) 



PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 213 

* Belching of hot flatus which is very sour. ( Wil- 
liamson.) 

Sensation of hollo wness in the epigastrium. {Wil- 
Hams on. ) 

Throbbing in the epigastrium, followed by diarrhoea. 
[Williamson.) 

90. * Stitches in the epigastrium from coughing. 
{Williamson.) 

* Food turns sour soon after eating. ( Williamson,) 

* Gastric affection attended by depression of spirits. 
( Williamson. ) 

ABDOMEN. — Fulness in the right hypochondrium, 
with flatulence. [Williamson^ Jeanes.) 

Stitches in the right hypochondrium, worse w^hilst 
eating. ( Williamson. ) 

95. Sensation of weight and dragging in the left 
hypochondrium, close under the ribs. [Williamson,) 

* Colic ^ with retraction of the abdominal muscles, 
( Williamson.) 

Pain in the transverse colon, at three o'clock in the 
morning, followed by diarrhoea. [Williamson.) 

Rumbling of flatus in the ascending colon. [Jeanes,) 

Pain in the ascending colon. [Jeanes.) 

100. Pain in the bowels at day light in the morning, 
which is relieved by external warmth and by bending 
forwards whilst lying on the side, but is aggravated by 
lying on the back. ( Williamson.) 

The pain in the bowels at first is attended with cold- 
ness, w^hich is follow^ed by heat and warm perspiration. 
{Williamson.) 

Sensation of heat in the bowels, accompanying the 
inclination to go to stool. [Williainson,) 

Twisting pain in the right hypochondrium, with the 
sensation of heat in the part. [Williamson,) 

* Chronic hepatitis, W'ith costiveness. [William^ 
son,) 

105. * Fulness, with pain and soreness in the right 
hypochondrium. ( Williamsoii,) 



214 PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 

Sensation of flatus in the left hypochondrium. 
(^JeaneSy Williamson.) 

Faintness, with the sensation of emptiness in the 
abdomen after stool. {Williamson.) 

^ Cramp-like pain in the bowels, with retraction of 
the abdominal muscles, occurring at ten o'clock in the 
evening, and again at five in the morning, and con- 
tinuing until nine. (Williamson.) 

* Sharp pain above the right groin, preventing mo- 
tion, in the latter months of pregnancy. (Williamson.) 

BOWELS.— 110. * Constipation, with flatulency 
and headache. {Williamson.) 

* Constipation accompanying remittent fever. {Wih 
liamson.) 

^ The faeces are hard and d^y^ and voided with 
diflSculty. {Williamson.) 

Diarrhoea early in the morning, which continues 
through the forenoon, followed by a natural stool in the 
evening. ( Williamson. ) 

* Chronic diarrhoea, worse in the morning. {Hus- 
man 72.) 

115. ^ Extreme weakness and cutting pain in the 
intestines, after stool. {Husmann.) 

Evacuations of green stools in the morning. {Wil- 
liamson.) 

From six to eight evacuations in a day. {William" 
son.) 

Diarrhoea immediately after eating or drinking. 
{Williamson.) 

* Faeces yellow or dark green. {Williamson.) 
120. * White slimy stools. {Williamson.) 

* Cholera infantum. {William.son.) 

* Evacuations, consisting of a darkish yellow mucus 
which smells like carrion. (Williamson.) 

"^ Frequent chalk-like stools, which are very offen- 
sive, with gagging and incessant thirst in children. 
(^Williamson.) 

* Copious evacuations, with blueness under the eyes. 
(Williamson. J 



PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 2l5 

Painful diarrhoea, with screaming and grinding of the 
teeth, in children during dentition. {Williavison,) 

125. Stools muco-gelatinous, small and unfrequent. 
with flatulence, and pain in the region of the sacrum, 
[Jeanes) 

* Hot, watery evacuations. {Williarnson.) 
^ Frothy mucous stools. ( Williamson,) 

* Food passes the bowels in an undigested state. 
( Williamson,) 

Evacuations in the morning, attended with strong 
urgings in the bowels, with heat and pain in the anus. 
[Williamson,) 

130. Flashes of heat running up the back, after 
stool. ( Williamson,) 

Sensation at stool, as if the genital organs would fall 
out, in females. {Williamson,) 

Too much bearing down at stool, as if from inactivity 
of the rectum. [Williamson,) 

Secretion of mucus from the anus. [Williamson,) 
Chronic diarrhoea, with prolapsus ani at every stool, 
in children. [Jeanes^ Willia7nson,) 

135. * Prolapsus ani,, with diarrhoea of six years 
standing in an adult. (Williamson,^ 

* Prolapsus ani of lono; standing. [Williamson,) 

* Descent of the rectum from a little exertion, imme- 
diately followed by stool, or a discharge of thick trans- 
parent mucus, sometimes of a yellow colour, and mixed 
with blood. [Williamson,) 

"^ The prolapsus occurs most frequently in the morn- 
ing. ( Williamson,) 

* Constant pain in the lumbar region, which is worse 
during evacuation, and particularly after stool. ( Wil- 
liamson,) 

URINE. — 140. * Enuresis. [Williamson,) 

* Involuntary discharge of urine, during sleep. [Wil- 
liamson,) 

* Diminished secretion of urine. [Williamson,) 
^ Suppression of urine. [William.son,) 

Scanty urine, with frequent voidings. {Williamson,) 



216 PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 

145. ^ Frequent nocturnal urination, during preg- 
nancy. ( TVilliamsoji.) 

GENITALS. — Sticking pain above the pubes, and 
in the course of the spermatic cords. ( Williamson,) 

^ Retarded menstruation. [Williamson,) 

* Suppression of the menses in young females, with 
bearing down in hypogastric and sacral regions, with 
pain from motion, which is relieved by lying down. 
\Willia7nson^ Jeanes,) 

* Leucorrhoea; discharge of thick transparent mucus. 
{Williamson,) 

150. * Leucorrhoea, attended with constipation, and 
bearing down in the genital organs. [Williamson,) 

^ Prolapsus uteri, [Jeanes^ Uusmann^ Willia7nson,) 

^ Symptoms of prolapsus uteri, continuing for several 
weeks after parturition, wath rumbling of flatus in the 
region of the ascending colon. [Jeanes,) 

Symptoms of prolapsus uteri, with pain in the sacrum, 
flatulence unfrequent, muco-gelatinous stools. {Jeanes^ 
3 cases.) ^ 

* Pain in the regions of the ovaria, especially the 
right. [Jeanes^ Williamson,) 

155. "^ Numb aching pain in the region of the left 
ovarium, with heat running down the left thigh in the 
third month of pregnancy. ( Williamson,) 

* Ability to lie comfortably only on the stomach, in 
the earlier months of pregnancy. [Williamson,) 

"^ Swelling of the labia during pregnancy. ( William' 
son.) 

* After pains attended w^ith heats and flatulency. 
{^Williamson,) 

After pains, with strong bearing down. [William^ 
son,) 

LARYNX. — 160. ^ Cough, accompanying remittent 
fever. ( Williamson,) 

"" Dry cough. [Williamson,) 

* Loose hacking cough. (Williamson,) 

* Hooping cough, attended with costiveness and loss 
of appetite. [Williamson^ 2 cases.) 



PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 217 

CHEST, — 164. Pains in the chest, increased by- 
taking a deep inspiration. [Willictmsoii,) 

Snapping in the right hang, hke breaking a thread, 
when taking a deep inspiration. [WiUianison,) 

Inclination to breathe deeply; sighing. [WllUcini' 
son.) 

Shortness of breath. [Williamson.) 

Sensation in the chest, as if the heart were ascending 
to the throat. [WiUicinison.) 

169. Sensation of suffocation, when first lying down 
at n ight. ( V/iilia ni so n . ) 

Palpitation of the hearty from exertion or mental emo- 
tion. ( Williamson. ) 

* Palpitation of the heart, with a clacking sensation 
rising up to the throat, which obstructs respiration. 
{Ward.) 

Sticking pain in the region of the heart. {William^ 
son.) 

Palpitation of the heart, from physical exertion, in 
persons subject to rumbling in the ascending colon, 
heavy sleep, and a feeling of fatigue on awaking in the 
morning, followed by drowsiness in the forenoon. 
{JeaiieSj numerous cases.) 

TRUNK.— 174. Pain in the small of the back when 
walking or standing, with the sensation of the back 
bending inw^ards. {Williamson.) 

Pain in the lumbar region, wdth the sensation of 
coldnesS; w^orse at night, and from motion. ( William- 
son.) 

Pain in the loins, increased by a misstep and walk- 
ing over uneven ground. {Williamson.) 

Pain betw^een the shoulders \vith soreness, worse night 
and morning, and increased by motion. {Williamson.^ 

Pain under the right shoulder-blade. {Williamson.) 

Stiffness of the nape, with soreness of the muscles of 
the neck and shoulders. {Williamson.) 

180. Pain in the nape with soreness, increased by 
motion. {Williamson.) 

Pain betw^een the shoulders, in the morning. {Jeanes.) 
19 



218 PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 

UPPER EXTREMITIES.—* Rheumatism in the left 
forearm and fingers. {Williamson,) 

Weakness of the wrists, with soreness to the touch. 

i TVilliCtTTlSOTl ^ 

LOWER EXTREMITIES.— Pain and weakness 
in the left hip, like rheumatism from cold, increased by 
going up stairs. [Williamson.) 

185. Pains in the thighs, legs and knees, worse from 
standing. ( Williamson.) 

Weakness of the joints, especially the knees. ( Wil- 
liamson,) 

'* Slight paralytic weakness of the whole left side, of 
one"^year's duration. (In a girl 18 years of age, Jeanes.) 

Cracking in the knee-joints from motion. [Wil- 
liamson.) 

Heaviness and stiffness of the knees, as after a long 
walk. ( Williamson. ) 

190. Stiffness on beginning to move. [Williamson.) 

Aching of the limbs, worse at night. ( Williamson.) 

Pain in the left knee, leg, and foot. [Williamson.) 

Sharp pain in the outer and upper portion of the left 
foot. [Williamson.) 

Coldness of the feet. ( Williamson.) 

195. Perspiration of the feet, in the evening. ( Wil- 
liamson.) 



SANGUINARIA CANADENESIS. 219 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

Indian Puccoon, Blood-root, Red-root. 

Sanguinaria. Sex, Syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. 

JYat, Ord, Papaveracese. 

Gen. Char. Calyx two-leaved. Petals eight. Stigma 
sessile, two-grooved. Capsule superior, oblong, one- 
celled, two-valved, apex attenuated. Receptacles two, 
filliform, marginal. JVuttalL 

A spring plant, abundant in all hilly countries from 
Canada to Florida, wherever there is a rich soil and 
shade in summer, but avoiding the sea coast and the 
high mountainous regions. It blooms as early as April, 
and the elegance of its leaves and flowers and its grace- 
ful growth is so great, peculiar and indiscribably beauti- 
ful, that no delineation of it has yet appeared sufficiently 
graceful to those who know it. In appearance some- 
w^hat similar to the Hepatica, its leaves are delicate, and 
of a grey-green, like those of the Celandine, its flowers 
Avhite and deciduous like those of the poppy, all scarcely 
higher than a hand. The root is perennial, of the length 
and thickness of a finger, knotty, fleshy and prasmorse. 
Root, stem and leaves contain a yellowish-red juice, 
like as the Chelidonium a pure yellow, and the Papaver 
a Avhite. 

The leaves continue their growth after the time of 
flowering; and when the seeds ripen, have a more com- 
mon appearance, nearly resembling the asarum. This 
is considered the best time to dig the root, which is the 
only part employed; the leaves, and especially the seeds, 
being considered poisonous. The first knowledge of its 
medicinal use is said to have been acquired from the In- 



220 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

dians. It has also attracted the attention of some phy- 
sicians, who shghtly investigated its properties, while it 
was yet a source of honour for the physicians of this 
country to study the natural history of a land so rich in 
valuable medicinal plants ; and before the day when 
surgery assuming the upper hand, the study of botany 
w^as contemned, its professors dismissed, and its gardens 
converted into coffee-houses, until science curtailed of 
its fair proportions, crippled and withered, revenged it- 
self by presenting to the world practitioners of medicine, 
who knew little more than to cut, carve and burn. 

The following synopsis, A, presents the most impor- 
tant remarks and observations of those physicians who 
have written on the sanguinaria, whose treatises have 
come to our knowledge. It is to be observed, that there 
is in most, if not all of their statements, a generalizing 
mode of expression, and an absence of attention to aught 
that is distinctive or characteristic in the operations of 
the medicine, so that in almost every instance the same 
remarks are applicable to many very different medicines, 
and in some instances the remarks are equally appli- 
cable to nearly every article in the Materia Medica. 
That the medical science which was satisfied with such 
loose investigations, and such still looser statements of 
them, should have been trampled under foot by surgi- 
cal medicine, excites in us no astonishment and 
but little regret. Not that the investigations of sangui- 
naria have been peculiarly objectionable in this respect; 
on the contrary, they ^re accurate in comparison with 
those of many remedies ,much more frequently employed, 
and whose names are lamiliar as household words to the 
profession. 

The second division marked B, presents the symp- 
toms, both pathogenetic and curative. 

The division marked C, contains cases and symptoms 
which have been cured with the sanguinaria, whilst the 
division D presents the pathogenetic symptoms as they 
appeared to some of the experimenters. 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 221 

A. — Observations of the Old School, 

1. Barton, Smith, Tully and Ives recommend the 
rootj as an emetic. 

2. Zollickhoffer mentions it as sudorific, emetic and 
purgative. 

3. Smith and Allen compare it to digitalis ; Thatcher 
considers it like to this ; Tully says that it unites the pro- 
perties of scilla, ammoniae, senega, digitalis and guaia- 
cum, without their dangerous operations. 

4. Barton mentions it as a very powerful medicine, 
but as one which, by injudicious administration, may 
have dangerous consequences. 

5. Rafinesque, (Medical Flora, 278) declares it to be 
one of the most valuable medicines of this country, 
acrid, narcotic, emetic, deobstruent, sudorific, expecto- 
rant, vermifuge, escharotic and also stimulating and tonic. 

6. Schoepf says, that it is given in gonorrhoea, the 
bites of serpents, in jaundice and bilious diseases, which 
Rafinesque considers doubtful 

7. Golden gave it in jaundice; Thatcher "says that it 
is the chief remedy in Rawson's Bitters, a specific for 
jaundice. 

8. McBride, says (see Bigelow,) ^' in torpor of the 
liver, attended with colic and yellowness of the skin, a 
disease common in this climate, (S. Carolina,) I use the 
puccoon with evident advantage. We use it also in 
jaundice, but in this disease I do not trust exclusively 
to it." 

9. Dr. Ives, of New Haven, recommends it in in- 
fluenza, in phthisis and in hooping cough. He also 
states that given in large doses, sufficient to produce full 
vomiting, it often removes the croup, if administered in 
the first stages. He recommends it also as a remedy of 
importance in many diseases of the liver. 

10. Tully says that in diseases of the lungs it is tonic. 

11. Smith says, that he found it of great use in the 
incipient stages of pulmonary consumption, and that 
acute rheumatism and jaundice, were benefited by it. 

19* 



222 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

12. McBride found it useful in hydrothorax, given in 
doses of sixty drops, thrice a day, and increased until 
nausea followed each dose. In a week or two the good 
effect was evident, the pulse being rendered slow and 
regular, and the respiration much improved. 

13. Rafinesque recommends it in asthma. 

14. Dr. Ives gave it in influenza, &c. See 9. 

15. Many, says Rafinesque, depend entirely upon it 
in croup. Dr. Ives says the same. 

16. Dr. Allen considers ii a substitute for digitalis in 
coughs and pneumonia. 

17. Rafinesque states that in severe and protracted 
cynanche, pneumonia, hooping cough, phthisis, &c., 
when the the inflammatory symptoms are in part over- 
come, it operates as a tonic, expectorant, sudorific and 
sedative, bringing down the pulse from 112 to 80. 

18. In typhoid pneumonia, '^ in plethoric constitu- 
tions, when respiration is very difficult, the cheeks and 
hands become livid, the pulse full, soft, vibrating and 
easily compressed, — the blood-root has done more to 
obviate the symptoms and remove the disease,'' than 
any remedy which he has used. Of the infusion of a 
scruple or half a drachm of the powdered root, in half 
a gill of hot Waaler, he gave one or two tea-spoonfuls 
every half hour, until it excited vomiting, or relieved 
the symptoms. Dr. Ives. 

19. ''It promises to be a useful medicine, particu- 
larly on the foundation of its emetic and expectorant 
eflfects, in cases of cynanche maligna, or ulcerous sore- 
throat, in cynanche trachealis, or hives, and other simi- 
lar aflfections. Its properties seem to be considerably 
allied to those of seneca snake root, so beneficially em- 
ployed in the same cases." Barton, 

20. The decoction has been employed with advan- 
tage in sore-throat, also in that form termed by Darwin, 
peripneumonia trachealis. Barton. 

21. In ulcerated sore throat, in dysentery, and in 
amepnorrhoea. Rafinesque. 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 223 

22. It is given in inflammatory rheumatism ; it cures 
acute rheumatism, compUcated with gout. Rafinesque, 

23. Barton states that the tincture of the root used as 
bitters, increases the appetite and strengthens the 
stomach, and thus prevents fevers from marsh miasm. 

24. Rafinesque says that in the South it is a com- 
mon preventive rem^edy of intermittent and putrid 
fevers. 

25. Schoepf says, that the plant is given to horses to 
make them sweat, and also when shedding the hair. 

26. According to Schcepf, the juice is used to eat 
away warts. 

27. Dr. Downey has employed it, with success, in 
old indolent ulcers, especially in ill conditioned ulcers, 
with callous borders and ichorous discharge. 

28. According to Rafinesque, when externally ap- 
plied to ulcers, and in diseases of the skin, it changes 
the actions, and favours secretion. 

29. AppUed to fungous flesh it proves escharotic, 
and several polypi of the soft kind were cured by it. 
Smith. 

30. Barton says that he has '' heard of the application 
of the powdered root to a fungous tumour within the 
nostril, with the eflfect of producing detumescence, and 
bringing away, frequently, small pieces of the fungus, 
which in the first instance impeded the progress of the 
air through the nostril, and was supposed to be a 
polypus. 

3L Dr. Benj. Becker mentioned to me, that a poly- 
pus of the nose ceased to grow, from the time that the 
powder of the root was snuflTed. 

32. According- to Rafinesque and others, it is a popu- 
lar remedy for nasal polypus, fleshy excrescences, and 
spongy swellings. 

33. " The sanguinaria has a faint narcotic odour, and 
a bitterish, very acrid taste, the pungency of which re- 
mains long in the mouth and fauces." U. S. D. 

34. Rafinesque describes the taste as acrid and bitter 
in the mouth, and burning in the throat. 



224 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

35. Barton says that " the tincture is intensely bitter, 
approaching in its permanent impression to acerb/' 
Bigelow says that the tincture '^ possesses all the bitter- 
ness, but less of the nauseating quality than the infu- 
sion.^' 

36. According to Barton, and others, " the powder 
creates great irritation of the fauces." 'Dr. Smith says 
of the powder, that when " snuffed up the nostrils, it 
proved sternutatory, and left a sensation of heat for 
some time." 

37. Downey (Essay on Sanguinaria, Baltimore, 1803,) 
says, that twenty grains of the fresh root, or eight grains 
of the extract in alcohol or water, cause nausea and 
vomiting, a feeling of warmth or heat in the stomach, 
quickened pulse, and, in many experiments, slight 
headache. In all cases the acrimony of the medicine 
made a long enduring impression on the fauces^ and in 
many cases moved the bowels. 

38. Bird, (Dissertation on Sanguinaria, New York, 
1822,) speaks of it as one of the best acrid narcotic 
remedies. 

Ten to twenty grains operated as an emetic ; larger 
doses caused suppression ofthe pulse, fainting, dimnness 
of vision, and very great prostration of strength. 

39. Dr. Smith states that " he found the powder to 
operate violently as an emetic, producing great pros- 
tration of strength during its operation, which continued 
for some time." 

40. Barton says, that " fifteen or twenty grains ofthe 
pulverized root produce powerful emesis ; but the 
medicine must be given in the form of pills, as the 
powder creates great irritation ofthe fauces." 

41. Dr. Dexter says, that '' it proved efficacious as 
a stimulant, and diaphoretic in doses of one grain of the 
powdered root, or ten drops ofthe saturated tincture." 

42. Rafinesque says, that in doses of from two to 
four grains, it causes nausea and vomiting, and quick- 
ened circulation ; in doses smaller than a grain, that it 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 225 

acts as a toniC; and diminishes the frequency of the pulse 
like digitalis. 

43. Rafinesque cautions against its use during preg- 
nancy, as it acts very powerfully on the uterus, and 
causes abortion, and recommends its employment in 
amennorhoea. 

44. Barton says, that the root ''when exhibited as 
an emetic, has been found to dislodge w^orms from the 
stomach." 

45. According to Barton and Downey, the leaves 
and the seeds are evidently deleterious. The latter 
produce effects similar to those brought on by the seeds 
of stramonium, exhibiting a very considerable influence 
over the pulse, and a stupifying narcotic quality. 

46. The seeds act upon the brain, causing torpor, 
langour, dilatation of the pupils, and dimnness of 
vision. 

47. The seeds are powerfully narcotic, like stramo- 
nium, cause fever, delirium, and dilatation of the pupils, 
yet have been used as a diuretic. Rafinesque, 

48. According to Wibmer, says Richard, (Med. Bot. 
1070,) the sanguinaria causes palpitation of the heart, 
nausea, w^eakness, fainting, diminished power of sight, 
and at times vomiting and purging. 

49. The root is bitter and acrid to the taste, leaving 
a durable sense of acrimony in the fauces. 

50. Employed in as large doses as can be taken with- 
out disquieting the stomach, and repeated regularly and 
at short intervals, it occasions increased secretions from 
the digestive viscera and a universal change of action 
or condition in the W'hole absorbent and secernent 
systems, (TiiIIi/.) 

51. It resolves atonic, acute, sub-acute and chronic 
inflammations of the thoracic and abdominal viscera. 

52. Also arthritic inflammations of the muscles and 
joints. {Till It/,) 

53. It frequently excites the appethe, and promotes 
digestion. {Tul/?/.) 



226 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. ^ 

54 It occasions a gradual and moderate increase of 
the force and fulness of the pulse. ( Tally. 

55. It is sometimes expectorant. [Tully,) 

56. It is sometimes emmenagogue. [Tully,) 

57. It has been known to produce uterine haemor- 
rhage. [Tally,) 

58. In large doses it strongly nauseates. [Tully.) 

59. It powerfully abates irritative hardness^ and fre- 
quency of the pulse. 

60. Also irritative heat and dryness of the skin. 

61. It usually occasions a quickly diffused and tran- 
sient heat, but at the same time a very peculiar nervous 
thrill, which is often extended to the minutest extremi- 
ties. 

62. In large or full emetic doses, it speedily excites 
the action of vomiting, but without the production of 
much nausea or any perceptible, or at least material 
diminution of the energies of the system. 

63. In inordinate doses, "it sometimes occasions 
vomiting, but more especially burning at the stomach, 
faintness, vertigo, diminished vision and general insen- 
sibility, coldness, extreme reduction of the force and 
frequency of the pulse, together with great irregularity 
of action and palpitation of heart, great prostration of 
muscular strength', and sometimes (though in all proba- 
bility rarely,) a convulsive rigidity of the limbs." ( Tally*) 

B, — Symptoms occurring in trials of Sanguinaria upon 
the healthy. 

Extreme moroseness. {Bute,) Anxiety before the 
vomiting, {Bute^ 130) and before the delirium, which is 
caused by the seed. (A, 47.) 

Vertigo, &c. 

Vertigo, with singing in the ears, flatulent eructation 
and then tickling in the throat which excites cough. 
(Immediately after taking it.) 

Frequent vertigo and diminished vision before vomit- 
ing, (A, 40,) and after large doses. (A, 63.) 



1 



SAN GUIN ARIA CANADESIS. 227 

Vertigo with nausea, (A, 48,) long continuing with 
debiUty, {Bute. 138,) with head-ache. (24) 

5. * Vertigo on quickly turning the head, and look- 
ing upward. (C, 1.) 

Confused and dull feeling in the head, which became 
better after eructation. (Soon after taking it.) 

Determination of blood to the head, with whizzing in 
the ears and a transitory feeling of heat ; then a sensa- 
tion as if vomiting was about to take place, but instead 
of this there succeeded slight cuttins; drawino;s in the 
abdomen, and then a stool. 

Heaviness in the head. 

Dull pain in the head. 

Pains in the head. 

10. Slight headache from large doses. (A, 37.) 

Pressing; drawinq; in the forehead. 

Pain in the forehead. (After five days. JSadhard,) 

Pain of a short duration in the right side of the fore- 
head, like a pressing, only whilst standing still, better 
w^hilst walking. At the same time a pain deep in the 
left ear. [Husmami, D, 22.) 

Headache as if the forehead would split, with chill 
and with burning in the stomach. 

A pain occurs suddenly in the interior angle of the 
right eye, and from thence to the forehead. 

Headache ori waking, in the forehead, on the right 
side, extends into the ear, at the same time toothache. 
{Husmann,) 

About 5 o'clock in the evening a severe quick dart- 
ing pain in the forehead and temple on the right side, 
which endured for about five minutes. This pain re- 
appeared in the evening about 7 o'clock. About 11 
o'clock at night a sudden pain through the forehead like 
an electric stroke of short duration. 

Aslowly shooting pain in the forehead. {Jeanes. D, 4.) 

Periodic stitches in the left temple. 

Pain in the top of the head. 

Pain in all the upper part of the head. 



228 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

Iq the afternaon, pain, like fulness, in the fore part of 
the head. [Husmann^ D, 25.) 

Pressing in the upper part of the head, in the region 
of the anterior fontanelle, disappears whilst walking. 
[HiLsmann^ D, 26.) 

Boring pain above, in the fore part of the head. 
{Husmami^ D, 36.) 

Severe pain above, on all the left side of the head, 
especially in the eye ; at the same time similar pain in 
the left foot. {K, §.) 

Nausea, disposion to vomit without being able to do 
so; then headache with rheumatic pains and stifihess 
in the limbs and neck. 

20. Beating headache and bitter vomiting. 

Headache in the evening, with tickling in the throat. 
{Bute. 191.) 

Headache, with chill. 

Headache, with nausea and chill, then flying heat 
from the head to the stomach. 

Headache, with vertigo and pain in the ear. [K, §.) 

25. Headache, whilst lying down. 

Beating headache, worse by stooping. 

Headache, worse by stooping and motion. 

The beating headache is worse by every motion. 

The headache occurs paroxysmally. 

30. Pain in the head, of six hours duration. 

* Pains in the head, in spots, soreness, especially in 
the temples. (C. 3.) 

* Pains in the head, in rays drawling upward from 
the neck. (C. 6.) 

* Severe pains in the head, with nausea and vomit- 
ing, frequently with bilious vomiting, in attacks w^ith 
helDdomadal or longer intervals, from very different in- 
ducements, commonly beginning in the morning, in- 
creasing in violence through the day, only diminished 
bv lying quiet, and when possible by sleep. North 
American sick headache. [IM[frich^ Hering.) 

Feeling as if the head is drawn forward. 
35. Soreness of the scalp, on being touched. 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 229 

Feeling of looseness of the scalp on the right side. 
Sensation of looseness and drawing in one side of the 
scalp, on raising the eyes. 

Distension of the veins on the head. 

* Distension of the veins in the temples, perceptible 
on touching. (C, 2.) 

40. Feehng of fulness in the face. 
Distension of the veins of the face, with excessive 
redness, and a feeling of stiffness. 

Severe burning, heat and redness of the face. 
Redness of the face. 

* A red cheek, with burning in the ears. (C, 10.) 

* Redness of the cheeks, with cough. (C, 13, 14.) 
Paleness of the face, with disposition to vomit. {Bute, 

124.) 

* Cheeks and hands livid, in typhous pneumonia. 
(A, 18.) 

Twitching of the cheeks, towards the eyes. 

EYES.— 50. Pain in the right eye. 

Pressing pain in the left eye. {K, §.) 

Stitch in the upper eyelid. [K. §.) 

Watering and burning of the right eye, which is 
painful on being touched, then coryza. (B, 184.) 

Feeling as if the eyes were affected by sour smoke. 
Afternoons about 2 o'clock. [Husmann. D, 31.) 

In the afternoon dimness of the eyes, and a feeling 
as if hairs were in them. 

55. Very great glimmering before the eyes. {K,) 

Diminished power of vision. (A, 63.) 

Dilatation of the pupils, by the seeds. (A, 46, 47.) 

EARS. — Beating under the ears, at irregular inter- 
vals, frequently only a couple of strokes. 

* Burning of the ears, with redness of the cheeks. 
(C, 10.) 

60. Pains in the ears, with headache. [Bute, 24.) 
Singing in the ears with vertigo. {Bute, 1.) 
Humming in the ears, with determination of blood. 
{Bute,) 
Slow stitches in the left ear. {Jeanes,) 

20 



230 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

Pain in the left ear, during the pain in the forehead. 
(C,D,23.) 

Beating humming {wuwwern) in the left ear. 

In the neighbourhood of a smithy he feels every 
hammer stroke painfully, in the right ear. 

A crackling in the right ear, when he draws his 
fingers lightly over his right cheek ; on the left side 
this is not the case. [Hering, D, 30. The 3d day.) 

NOSE.— 65. Heat in the nose. (A, 36.) 

* Nasal polypus. (A, 29, 32.) 

"^ Loss of smell. {Bute, 93.) 

Smell in the nose like roasted onions. 

Dislike to the smell of syrup. 

JAWS.— 70. Stiffness in the jaws. 

Pain in the upper teeth. 

Pain in a hollow tooth, especially when touched by 
the food. 

Tooth ache, from picking the teeth. 

Pain in one or more of the incisor teeth, and in a ca- 
rious molar tooth. {Jeanes. D, 11.) 

Shooting and thrilling pain in a carious molar of the 
upper jaw, which passes away gradually in that form of 
pain which is often termed a grumbling toothache. {Jeanes. 
D, 12.) 

On awaking, tooth-ache in an upper carious tooth, 
on the right side, at the same time headache in the same 
side. I'he toothache is made worse by cold water, 
(also by drinking hot things) and better by drinking 
warm drink. {Husmann. D, 15.) 

Pain in a carious molar after cold drinking, two morn- 
ings in succession. (Husmann. D, 24.) 

Looseness of the teeth. 

75. Salivation and looseness of the teeth; he supposes 
himself able to take them all out. (Verbally through 
Dr. B. Becker.) 

Spitting with nausea. [Bute. 113, 114, 115, 80.) 

Feeling of dryness of the lips. (In three experi- 
menters.) 



SANGUINARIA CANADE]NSIS. 231 

THROAT.— Feeling of dryness in the throat, not 
diminished by drinking. 

Heat in the throat, alleviated by the inspiration of 
cool air. Evenings, 6 to 7 o'clock. {Husmami. D, 35.) 

A long continuing impression in the fauces. (A, 33, 
35, 36, 40, 49.) 

A transitory, but marked sensation in the fauces, as if 
hehadswallowed something acrimonious. [Jeanes. D,8.) 

80. Burning in the fauces, after eating sweet things 
{Bute, 94.) 

Burning in the oesophagus. 

A feeling in the throat, as if it were swollen up ; and 
would suffocate him, with pain in the throat on swallow- 
ing, and w^ith aphonia. (After 3 hours, duration one 
hour.) 

In the evening a pain with a feeling of sweUing in 
the throat, w^orse on the right side, and most percepti- 
ble on swallowing. 

Feeling of swelling in the throat on swallowing. 

85. * Angina, in several cases, particularly a species 
of pharyngitis. (C, 4, A, 17, 19, 20.) 

* Ulcerated sore throat. (i\, 21.) 

MOUTH. — A prickling sensation on the tongue, and 
roof of the mouth, as after chewing mezereum, but 
slighter. {Jeanes. D, 20.) 

Crawling on the point of the tongue, after which an 
acerb feeling extends itself over the whole tongue, in 
the morning on awaking. [Husmami. D, 13.) 

Prickling on the point of the tongue. (Husmann. 
D, 17.) 

Tongue as if burned. (K.) 

A feeling of dryness and rawness as after acrid things, 
begins on the right side of the tongue and spreads over 
the whole tongue, mornings on awaking. (Husmann, 
D, 18.) 

^ Tongue sore, pains like a bile. (C. 7.) 

Stitches on the left side of the tongue. [Husmann. 
The third day. D, 34.) 



232 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

90. White coated tongue with loss of appetite. 
Loss of appetite with uncertain cravings. {Bute, 99.) 

* Increases the appetite. (A, 23, 53.) 
Loss of smell and taste. 

A piece of sugar cake tastes bitter, followed by burn- 
ing in the fauces. 

95. Fatty taste in the mouth. (K.) 

Slimy taste in the mouth. 

Disinclination for butter, which leaves a disagreeable 
after-taste. 

Dislike to the odour of syrup. (Bute^ 69.) 

Craving for he knows not what, with loss of appetite. 

100. Craving for piquant food. 

STOMACH. — Pressing in the stomach. 

Soreness in the epigastrium aggravated by eating. 
(JYeidhard.) 

Feeling of warmth and heat in the stomach. (A, 37.) 

Burning in the stomach, from large doses. (A, 63.) 

Burning in the stomach, with headache. Bute^ 12.) 

Jerking in the region of the stomach, as if from some- 
thing alive, 

105. Great weakness of digestion. 

Loss of appetite. (JYeidhard,) 

* Strengthens the stomach. (A, 23, 40, 50.) 
Excites the appetite and aids digestion. (A, 53.) 
Soon after eating, a feelingof emptiness in the stomach. 

* Inflammation of the stomach. (A, 51.) 
NAUSEA.— Nausea. {Bute. A, 12, 37.) 
Severe nausea from large doses. (A, 58.) 
Nausea as if vomiting would succeed. (From smell- 
ing. Jeaiies.) 

Nausea after eating. 

110. Nausea which is not diminished by vomiting. 

Loss of appetite and periodic nausea. 

Nausea by stooping. 

Nausea with much spitting. 

Extreme nausea with great salivation. 

115. Nausea with flow of saliva and constant spitting. 

Long continued nausea with chill. 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 233 

Nausea without vomiting, then headache. [Bute^ 19.) 

Nausea with the headache, \vith chill and heat. 
[Bute, 23.) 

Nausea before the nettle-rash. (C, 23.) 

120. Heartburn and nausea. (A, 40.) 

Regurgitation and disposition to vomit. (ButCj 27.) 

Flatulent eructation. {Bute^ 1.) 

Spasmodic eructation of flatus. 

Hiccough, whilst smoking tobacco. [Husmann, 
D, 32.) 

Frequent flatulent eructation of unpleasant odour, 
with disposition to vomit, and paleness of the face. 

125. After the eructation of flatus, the dulness of the 
head becomes better. (Bute^ 6.) 

VOMITING.— Vomiting. (A, 1, 2, 5, 37, 38, 39, 
40, 42, 48.) 

Many unpleasant feelings previous to the vomiting. 
(A, 40.) 

130. Before vomiting, great anxiety. 

Before vomiting, slight pressure to stool. [Bute^ 154.) 

Vomiting of bitter water. 

Bitter vomiting, with the'headache. {Bute, 20.) 

Vomiting, with craving to eat, in order to quiet the 
nausea. 

135. Vomiting worms. (A, 44.) 

Vomiting and diarrhoea. 

Whilst vomiting, and afterwards, great weakness, 
(A, 39.) 

Causes vomiting, without nausea or perceptible weak- 
ness. (A, 62. 

ABDOMEN. — Severe and continual pain in the 
hypochondria ; vertigo and debility. 

* Pain in the left hypochondrium, worse by coughing, 
better by pressure, and lying on the left side. (C, 15.) 

140. Diseases of the liver. (A, 19.) 

Torpor and atony of the liver. (A, 8, 66.) 

Inflammation of the abdominal viscera. (A, 51.) 

Hot streamings from the breast towards the liver 
{Husmann, D, 37.) 

20* 



234 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

Beating in the abdomen. 

Cramp in \he abdomen, which passes from one place 
to another. 

* Sensation as if hot water poured itself from the 
breast into the abdomen, followed by diarrhoea. 
(C. 16.) 

* Flatulent distension of the abdomen in the evenings, 
with the escape of flatus from the vagina (C, 16.) 

145. Discharges of flatus upwards and downward, 
by raising himself up on account of the cough, which 
then ceases. {Bute. 192.) 

^ Indurations in the abdomen. 

Bellyache. 

Paroxysmal pain in the abdomen. 

Slight cutting drawings in the abdomen. 

* Colic, with torpor of the liver. (A, 8.) 

150. In the night, digging pain in the abdomen, with 
pain in the sacrum. 

An hour after taking it, severe cutting pain in the 
bowels, followed by a single watery stool. 

In the morning, colicy pain in the upper part of the 
abdomen, and then a diarrhceal stool. 

Pressure to stool, without evacuation, wdth the sensa- 
tion of a mass in the lower part of the rectum ; this 
sensation recurred frequently during the day, without 
stool. 

Inoperative pressure to stool, then vomiting. 

Feeling of pressure to stool. {Jeanes. D, 1.) 

155. In the afternoon frequent pressure to stool, but 
only discharges of flatus. 

Urging to stool, with great discharge of flatus. 

Frequent discharges of very offensive flatus ; in the 
evening a hard stool. 

Flatulent discharge, followed by a small stool, with 
relief of the sensation of pressure to stool. {Jeanes, Af- 
ter two hours. D, 9.) 

Diarrhceal stools, w^ith great flatulence. 

Purges. (A, 25, 37, 48.) 

160. After cutting pains, stool. {Bute. 37.) After 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 235 

sev^ere pains, stool like water. (151.) After colic. 

In the evening diarrhoea, with disappearance of the 
coryza. [Bute. 184.) 

* With the diarrhoea, termination of the coryza and 
catarrh. (C, 11.) 

* Diarrhoea terminated the attack of pains in the 
breast. (C. 16.) 

"" Dysentery. (A. 21.) 

165. The food passes away undigested in the stool. 

Frequent natural stools, five times in the day. 

Two small, but not fluid stools. (The 1st day. Hu^^- 
mann, D, 20.) 

The first days the stools more laxative and frequent, 
afterwards rather costive. [Ilusmaiin. D, 45.) 

■^ Haemorrhoids. (C, 5.) 

A twisting pain on the left side above the groin, 
equi-distant from the symphysis pubis, and the crest of 
the ilium ; worse whilst sitting, standing or bending 
towards the right side, increased by pressure ; better 
whilst walking erect. In the afternoon of the 8th day. 
Afterwards this pain passed towards the hip, around 
and upward, till it reached posteriorly on the short ribs, 
and remained peculiarly sensible by bending to the 
right. (Husmanii. D, 44.) 

URINE. — Frequent urination, also at night. 

In the night frequent urination, the discharges large, 
of urine as clear as water. 

170. The seeds are diuretic. (A, 47.) 

* Frequent and copious nocturnal urination. (C. 15.) 
Seminal emissions during sleep, two nights in suc- 
cession, after which he feels very well. (From the 
6th to the 8th day. Husmami. D, 40.) 

* Gonorrhoea. 

FEMALE. — Abdominal pains, as if the menses 
would appear. 

The whole night abdominal pain, like the menstrual. 
175. It at times aids menstruation. (A; 56.) 



236 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

The menses appear a week too early, with a dis- 
charge of black blood. 

Abortion, on account of too strong operation on the 
uterus. (A, 43.) 

Causes uterine hsemorrhage. (A, 57.) 

"^ Amennorrhoea. (A, 21.) \ 

* Escape of flatus from the vagina, with dilatation of 
ihe OS uteri. (C, 6.) 

* Climacteric disorders. Compare mammse and 
mamillss. 

The menses appear at the proper time, but still much 
more freely than at other times, with less pain and 
weakness in the sacrum, but with pain in the right side 
of the head and forehead, and a feeling as if the eyes 
would be pressed out of the head,-w"orse on the right 
side. (The 7th day. Husmann. D, 17.) 

CORYZA.— 180. Much sneezing. 

Fluid coryza, with frequent sneezing. 

Severe fluid corvza in the rio;ht nostril. 

Watery, acrid corjza, which renders the nose sore. 

Copious watering of the right eye ; the eye painful, 
especially on being touched ; and soon afterwards there 
occurred a copious watery discharge from the right nos- 
tril ; in the evening two diarrhoeal stools, and then all 
the symptoms disappeared. (Five hours after tak- 
ing it.) 

185. Fluid coryza, alternating with stoppage of the 
nose. 

Aphonia, with sweUing in the throat. (Bute, 82.) 

Tickling irritation to cough. {Bute, 1.) 

* Influenza. (A, 14.) 

* Coryza, rawness in the throat, pain in the breast, 
cough, and finally diarrhoea. (C, 11.) 

LARYNX. — * Chronic dryness in the throat, and 
sensation of swelling in the larynx; and expectoration 
of thick mucus. iJWidhard.) 

COUGH.— 190. Slight cough. 

Frequent slight cough, especially whilst eating. 
{Husmann, D, 16.) 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 237 

In the evening tickling in the throat, with sUght cough 
and headache. 

Many evenings after lying down, a slight cough from 
tickling in the throat. [Husmann, D, 18.) 

A dry cough, awakening him from sleep, which did 
not cease until he sat upright in bed, and flatus w^as dis- 
charged both upwards and downwards. 

^ Cough. (A, 16.) 

* Continual severe cough, without expectoration, 
with pain in the breast, and circumscribed redness of 
the cheeks. (C. 14.) 

195. * Tormenting cough, wath expectoration ; and 
circumscribed redness of the cheeks. (C. 13.) 

* Feels stronger and freer in the breast in the morn- 
ings, and in the afternoon, and in the evening the cus- 
tomary dyspnoea does not appear. [Husmann, D, 18.) 

A hot burnino: streamino' in the rio-ht breast, begins 
under the right arm and clavicle, and draws itself down- 
wards towards the region of the liver. (Afternoon of 
the third day. Husmann. D, 37.) 

Acute stitches in the right breast in the region of the 
nipple. {Husmann, D, 39.) 

* Pulmonary consumption. (^A, 11, 14, 17.) 
Aids expectoration. (A, 5, 17, 55.) 

* Cough and expectoration. (C, 11.) 

* Cough with coryza, then diarrhoea. (C, 11.) 
200. * Croup. (A, 14, 15.) 
BREAST.— Hooping cough. (A, 14, 17.) 

* Hydrothorax. (A, 12.) 

* Asthma. (A, 13.) 

^ Pneumonia. (A, 16, 17.) 

205. * Typhoid pneumonia, with very difficult respi- 
ration, cheeks and hands lived, pulse full, soft, vibrat- 
ing and easily compressed. (A, 18.) 

* Diseases of the lungs. (A, 9, 10, 11, etc.) 

* Pain in the breast, with periodic cough. (C, 12.) 

* Pain in the breast, with coup^h and expectoration. 

C, 11.). . 

Pain in the breast, wdth dry cough. (C, 14.) 






238 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

^ Burning and pressing in the breast, then heat 
through the abdomen and diarrhoea. (C, 16.) 

Slowly shooting pain in the right side of the chest 
about the seventh rib. {Jeanes, D, 7.) 

Acute stitch in the right breast. 

Slowly shooting pain in the left side of the chest, 
near the axilla. (Jeanes, D, 6.) 

210. Stitches from the low^er part of the left breast to 
the shoulder. 

Pressing pain in the region of the heart. 

Stitches in the left side in the region of the short ribs, 
by moving and turning the body. 

Constant pressure and heaviness in the whole of the 
upper part of the chest, with ditTiculty of breathing. 
(JYeidhard,) 

Slowly shooting pain under the sternum. (Jeanes, 
B, 5.) 

Numb pain the whole length of the left scapula, along 
its inner edge, which is also increased by breathing. 
(JYeidhard.) 

Pressing pain in the breast arid back. 

215. Palpitation of the heart. (A, 48.) From im- 
moderate doses, with great weakness. (A, 63.) 

Stitches in both breasts. 

Severe soreness under the right nipple, aggravated 
by being touched. 

The nipples are sore and painful. 

BACK. — 220. Pain in the nape of the neck. 

Soreness of the nape of the neck on being touched. • 

Pain in the left side of the nape of the neck. 

Pain in the right side of the neck, as if sprained. (K.§.) 

Stiffness of the nape of the neck. [Bute^ 19.) 

225. Pain in the back. (C, 20.) . 

Pain in the sacrum and bowels. [Bute^ 150.) 

* Pain in the sacrum from lifting. (C, 21.) 

Pain in the sacrum which is alleviated by bending 
forward. (Husmann, D, 29.) 

Rheumatic pains in the nape of the neck, shoulders 
and arms. 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS, 239 

Pains in both shoulders. 

230. Severe pain in the left shoulder, in the evenings. 

Pain underthe shoulder blade with chill. (Bute, 282.) 

Pains from the left breast to the shoulder. (ButCj 210,) 

Rheumatic pain in the right shoulder, worse in the fore- 
noon, when she has retained the arm for a long time in 
the same position, drawling itself downwards to the 
elbow. {Husmann, D, 14.) 

Pain on the top of the right shoulder. [Husmann. 
D, 28.) 

Sudden rheumatic pains in the shoulder joint. 

In the upper part of the shoulder joint severe pain in 
every motion. 

235. * Rheumatic pain in the right arm and shoulder, 
W'Orse at night in bed ; cannot raise the arm. (C, 18.) 

* Pain in the right shoulder, and in the upper part of 
the right arm, w^orse at night on turning in bed. (Jeanes,) 

SUPERIOR EXTREMITIES.— Rheumatic pains 
in the arms and hands. 

Rheumatic pains in the right fore arm in the evening. 

Severe pain in the hand, wath aching in the arm 
when lying w^arm and quiet in bed ; it is also often felt 
in the left foot, now above, then in the instep, and then 
in the toes. (K.) 

240. In the right palm near the index finger, a severe 
pain as from a bile, 

* Burning of the palms. (0,8.) 
Redness of the hands and severe burning. 
*.Lividity of the hands in pneumonia. (A, 18.) 
Numb pain in baU of the right thumb. 

245. Cutting pain on the second joint of the left 
middle finger. 

Sticking in the point of the right small finger. 

Stiffness of the finger joints. (C, 7.) 

Pain as from a bile at the root of the right thumb nail, 
then in the left, from this to all the fingers, one after 
another from the thumb to the small finger, alike on both 
hands. 



240 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

250. * Ulceration at the roots of the nails, on all the 
fingers of both hands. fC, 22.) 

INFERIOR EXTREMITIES.— Rheumatic pain in 
the left hip. 

Pain as from a bruise in the left hip joint, whilst walk 
ing, but w^orse on rising from a seat. 

^ A rheumatic pain on the inside of the right thigh. 

^ A bruise-like pain in the thigh, alternating with 
burning and pressure in the breast. (C, 16.) 

■* Stiffness of the knees. (C, 7.) 

Stiffness and tightness in the bend and sides of the 
knees. (The fourth day. Husmann, D, 38.) 

Cramp and pain in the calf of the left leg. (Jeanes,) 

Drawing in the calves and into the instep, worse 
right than left. (Husmann, D, 27.) 

Sticking pain in the right ankle. 

Continual stitches under the right exterior ankle bone 
as from the sting of a bee. 

Pain in the left foot with headache, [Bute^ 18,) and 
during the pain in the right arm. {Bute, 139.) 

Sticking as from a needle in the instep, in the morn- 
ingin bed, and in the afternoon coldness of the feet. (C.7.) 

260. Burning in the soles of the feet, and in the 
palms of the hands, forenoon. 

Burning in the soles of the feet worse at night. 

■^ Burning of the hands and feet, in the night.--(C, 9.) 

Pain in the corns. 

Great weakness of the limbs, wdth pains in the sacrum, 
(The second day. Husmann. D, 29,) whilst walking. 
[Husmann. D, 33.) 

LIMBS. — Rheumatic pains in the limbs. 

* Acute, inflammatory, and arthritic rheumatism. 
(A, 22, 52.) 

265. * (Acute swelling of the joints of the extremi- 
ties.) (C, 19.) 

Stiffness of the limbs and rheumatic pains, with head- 
ache. [Bute^ 19.) 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 241 

Pain in those places where the bones are least cover- 
ed with flesh, but not in the joints; on touching the 
painful part, the pain immediately vanished and appear- 
ed in some other part. (Evening, 10 o'clock.) 

GENERAL.— Great weakness. {Bute.) 

Great prostration of muscular strength, by large doses. 
(A, 63.) 

Extreme weakness and debility in the limbs, whilst 
walking in the open air. (Evening of the first day. 
Husmann, D, 21.) 

DebiUty with vertigo and pain in the hypochondria. 
{Bute, 138.) 

270. Great weakness, with the vomiting. (And 
afterwards. A, 39.) 

Great weakness with suppression of the pulse. (A, 
38,) with irregular pulse. (A, 63.) 

Weakness and palpitation of the heart. (A, 48, 63.) 

* Is tonic in diseases of the lungs. (A, 10.) 

A quickly diffused and transient, but at the same 
time a very peculiar nervous thrill, which is often ex- 
tended to the minutest extremity. (A, 61.) 

A slowly shooting pain with long continued thrill, 
ending in a grumbling aching, in a carious molar tooth 
of the upper jaw. {Jeanes. D, 12.) 

Fainting weakness. (A, 38, 40, 63.) 

General sensitiveness and weakness. 

Torpor and languor, from the seeds. (A, 45.) 

■^ Paralysis of the right side of fourteen years dura- 
tion, cured by the tincture in the dose of a small tea- 
spoonful every three or four days. (Verbally from Dr. 
jB. Becker,) 

Convulsive rigidity of the limbs. (A, 63.) 

SLEEP. — Sleeplessness at night. 

He awakens at night with affright, as if he would 
fall. 

Dreams two nights in succession of sailing on the 
sea. 

280. Dreams, of a frightful and disagreeable character. 

He awakens earlier than common, {Husmann. D, 19.) 

21 



243 SANGmNARIA CANADENSIS* 

FEVER. — In the evening in bed, chill and shivering 
in the back. 

Shaking chill, with pain under the shoulder blade on 
motion. 

Chill, with the headache. {Bute, 12, 22, 23.) 

Chill and nausea. {Bute, 116.) 

Transient feeling of heat before the regurgitation. 
{Bute. 7.) 

Heat flying from the head to the stomach. {Bute. 
29.) 

* Sensation as if hot water w^as poured from the 
breast into the abdomen. (C, 56.) 

Fever and delirium, from the seed. (A, 47.) 

Burning heat, rapidly alternating wdth chill and 
shivering. 

Abates irritative hardness and frequency of the pulse, 
also heat and dryness of the skin. (A, 59, 60.) 

290. Pulsation through the whole body. 

Rapid pulse. 

A gradual increase in the force and fulness of the 
pulse : from moderate doses, f A, 54,) 

The pulse rendered more frequent, by large emetic 
doses. (A, 37.) 

Quickened circulation, with the vomiting. (A, 42.) 

The frequencv of the pulse diminished by the nausea. 
(A, 40.) 

The frequency of the pulse diminished by small doses. 
(A, 42.) 

Strength and frequency of the pulse extremely re- 
duced, with irregularity, and. with insensibility, coldness, 
&c., from very large doses. (A, 63.) 

* Brings the pulse from 112 to 80. (A, 17.) 

* Pulse full, soft and easily compressed, in pneumo- 
nia. (A, 18.) 

Suppression of the pulse, wdth fainting, from large 
doses, f A, 37, 63.) 

Seeds have great influence on the pulse. (A, 45.) 
SKIN.— Heat and dryness of the skin. (A, 60.) 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 243 

Increased Itching, of an old tubercle-like eruption on 
the skin. 

305. * Itching and nettle-rash before the nausea. 
(C, 23.) 

*^ Warts. (A, 26.) 

* Old indolent ulcers; ill conditional ulcers with 
callous borders, and ichorous discharge. (A, 27, 28.) 

* Nasal polvpi: fungous excrescences, &c. (A, 
29, 32.) 

GENERAL. — Constant change of the symptoms, 
when a new one arises the earlier cease. 

310. The most of the symptoms appear to be ag- 
gravated in the evenings and mornings. 

* Diaphoretic. (A, 2, 5, 17, 25, 41.) 

* Intermittent fever, 'marsh fever^j nervous fever. 
(A, 23, 24.) 

* Jaundice, (A, 6, 7, 8.) 

C. — Curative operations observed by Dr, G. H, Bute. 

1. Vertigo by quickly turning the head, or by look- 
ing upward. 

2. Distension of the temporal veins, which were 
painfully sensitive to the touch. 

3. Feeling of soreness on small spots on the head, 
especially in the temples. 

4. Several cases of angina, especially a form of 
pharyngitis. 

5. Haemorrhoids. 

6. A female who had distension of abdomen in the 
evening, and flatulent discharges, per vaginam, from 
the OS uteri, which was constantly open, at the same 
time a pahi passing in rays from the nape of the neck 
into the head. 

7. In a lady ; coldness of the feet in the afternoons, 
at the same time the tongue was painful and sore upon 
being touched, like a bile; and there was stiffness of 
the knee and finger joints. 

8. Burning of the palms of the hands and soles of 



244 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS, 

the feet, compelling to throw the bed clothes off the 
feet, for the purpose of cooling them. In many cases of 
ladies in the climacteric years. 

9. Burning of the hands and feet at night. 

10. Burning of the ears, with a redness of one 
cheek. 

11. In a man of scrofulous habit; after taking cold, 
coryza, then rawness of the throat, then pain in the 
breast, with cough and expectoration, and finally 
diarrhoea. 

12. Pain in the breast, with periodic cough. 

13. Tormenting cough and expectoration, wiih cir- 
cumscribed redness of the cheeks. 

14. In an unmarried lady of thirty years of age ; con- 
stant severe cough, without expectoration, with pain in 
the breast, and circumscribed redness of the cheeks. 
A dose removed the cough for an hour, and many re- 
peated doses perfectly removed the disease. 

15. In a lady; pain in the left hypochondrium, 
which was rendered worse by coughing, but was better 
from being pressed, and by lying towards the left side ; 
very copious urination at night. 

16. In a man ; for some years very frequent attacks 
of burning and pressure in the breast, which alternated 
with a bruise-hke pain in the thigh, but never appearing 
in both places at the same time. The affection of the 
breast always ended with the feeling as if hot water 
poured itself from the chest into the abdomen, which 
w^as followed by diarrhoeal stools. 

17. Many kinds of arthritic and rheumatic pains ; 
pain in the inner side of the right thigh, like rheuma- 
tism, &c. &c. 

18. Rheumatic pain in the right arm and shoulder, 
worse at night in bed, so that the arm could not be 
raised ; of a year's duration, perfectly cured. 

19. In a case of gout, with very considerable tume- 
faction of the joints of all the extremities; obvious dis- 
placement of the right shoulder and shoulder-blade : 



SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 245 

cramp in the nape of the neck and in the larynx, and bad 
taste in the mouth, the sanguinaria was of great service. 

20. Several cases of pain in the back. 

21. Pain in the loins, caused suddenly by lifdng. 

22. Ulceration at the roots of all the nails of both 
hands, in a young man, who had just arrived from a 
long sea voyage. 

23. General itching in the skin, with a disposition to 
nettle-rash, preceded by nausea. 

24. It appears to be an important remedy in scarla- 
tina. 

D. 

Doctor JeaneSj after decanting the tincture of the 
root of the sanguinaria, and preparing the first and 
second dilutions, observing that he was affected with 
nausea, noted that, and the accompanying symptoms 
which follow : 

1. Nausea, as if vomiting was about to take place ; 
as after taking a disagreeable purgative medicine ; and 
a feeling as if diarrhoea was about to occur. 

2. A slowly shooting pain in the left ear. 

3. Cramp and pain in the calf of the left leg. 

4. A pain in the forehead, of the same character as 
that in the ear. 

5. A similar pain under the sternum. 

6. A similar pain in the left side of the chest near 
the axilla. 

7. A similar pain in the right side of the chest, about 
the seventh rib. 

8. A transitory and slight, but pecuUar sensation in 
the fauces, as if something acrimonious had been swal- 
lowed. 

9. Discharge of flatus, then of excrementitious matter, 
with abatement of the nausea, &c. 

10. A prickling sensation in the tongue and roof of 
the mouth, as after chewing mezereum, but slighter. 

21* 



246 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

11. Pain in one or more of the incisor teeth, and in 
a decayed molar tooth. 

12. A slowly shooting and thrilling pain in a carious 
molar tooth of the upper jaw, which passed off gradu- 
ally in that form of pain w^hich is often termed a 
grumbling tooth-ache. 

Doctor F. Husmann made the following experiments 
with sanguinaria. Some pellets of the sixth potence 
were taken in the evening and in the following morning 
by J. H. and F. H. Neither of them knew the symp- 
toms which were already attributed to this agent, nor 
those which were produced in each other, until these 
had been written. The following were observed in 
J. H. 

13. On awaking in the morning, a crawling feeling 
on the point of the tongue, and an acrid sensation which 
extended itself over the w^hole tongue. 

14. Rheumatic pain in the right shoulder, worse in 
the forenoon, when she had retained the arm long in 
the same position, drawing itself down into the elbow. 

15. Awakes with pain in a carious tooth in the right 
upper jaw, and pain in the right side of the forehead, 
and extending to the ear ; the tooth-ache w^as aggra- 
vated by cold water, (and also by hot drinking,) but 
better by warm water. 

16. Frequent hacking cough whilst eating, for many 
days. 

17. On the seventh day the menses appeared at their 
proper time, but very copious, much more so than com- 
monly, yet with less sacral pain and weakness than 
usual ; but on the other hand with pain in the right side 
of the forehead and head, accompanied by a feeling as 
if the eyes would press out of the head, worse on the 
right side. 

18. Many evenings after lying down a hacking cough 
from tickling in the throat. 

The following symptoms were observed by F. H. 

19. Prickling in the tip of the tongue, in fifteen 
minutes after taking. 



SAN GUIN ARIA CANADENSIS. 247 

20. Next morning, immediately after awaking, a feel- 
ing of dryness and rawness, such as occurs after acrid 
things, beginning on the right side of the tongue, then 
extending itself over the whole tongue. 

21. In the morning of the first day he feels stronger 
and freer in the breast; and a difficulty of breathing, 
which he has felt every afternoon and evening for four- 
teen days, does not occur. 

22. He awakes earlier than common. 

23. The first day, two stools. 

24. In the evening of the first day, w^hilst walking 
in the open air, extremely w^eak and debilitated in the 
lower extremities. 

25. Transient pain of the right side of the forehead, 
like a pressing, only w^hilst standing still ; better whilst 
walking. 

26. Pain deep in the left ear, only for a short time, 
during the pain in the forehead. 

27. Pain in a carious molar tooth, in the right lower 
jaw, after cold drinking ; two mornings in succession. 

28. In the afternoons pain in the fore part of the head 
as from fulness. 

29. Pressing above on the head, and in the region of 
the anterior fontanelle; disappears whilst walking. 

30. Drawing in the calves of the legs and into the 
instep, w^orse in the right than the left. 

31. Pain in the top of the right shoulder. 

32. The second day, great weakness in the lower 
limbs, and pain in the loins, relieved by bending for- 
ward. 

33. On the third day he remarked that by drawing 
the tips of the fingers lightly over the right cheek, a 
crackling w^as felt in the ear of that side ; this was not 
the cast with the left. 

34. In the afternoon, about two o'clock, a feeling ir 
the eyes, as if they \yere exposed to acid vapor. 

35. Hiccouorh Avhilst smokino; tobacco. 

36. Very w^eak in the lower limbs whilst walking. 

37. Sticking on the left side of the tongue. 



248 SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 

38. Heat in the throat, the inspiration of cool air is 
pleasant, and alleviates the sensation. In the evening 
from six to seven o'clock. 

39. Boring pain above in the fore part of the head. 

40. A hot burning streaming in the right breast ; it 
begins under the right arm and- clavicle and draws 
downwards towards the region of the liver. In the af- 
ternoon. 

41. The fourth day. Stiffness and drawing in the 
bend and sides of the knees. 

42. Acute stitches in the right breast, in the region 
of the nipple. 

43. Seminal emissions tw^o nights in succession, (be- 
tween the 6th and 8th days,) after which he feels very 
well. 

44. The eighth day, in the afternoon, a twisting pain 
above the groin, on the left side, equi-distant from the 
symphysis pubis, and the crista illi ; worse w^hilst sit- 
ting, standing or bending to the right side; increased 
by pressure; better whilst w^alking erect. The pain 
after a time went from this spot around to the left hip, 
and then upwards to the back on the short ribs. 

45. The first day soft stool, the later days rather 
costive. 



TRIOSTEUM PERFOLTATUM. 249 



TRIOSTEUM* PERFOLIATUM. 

BY W. WILLIAMSON, M. D. 

Synon, T. majuS; — T. floribus verticillatis ses- 
silibus, — T.foliis connatis, floribus sessilibus verticillatis. 
— Breitblattriger Dreystein. 

Vulgo, Dr. Tinker's weed. Wild Coffee, Gentian, 
Horse Gentian, White Gentian, Horse Ginseng, Fever 
Root, Fever Wort, Wild Ipecac, Bastard Ipecacuanha, 
Sweet Bitter, Cinque, &c. 

J\^at, Syst. Juss. Caprifoliace8e. 

J\^at, Ord. Lin, Aggrep:at8e. 

Class, Pentandria. 

Order, Monogynia. 

Gen. Char. Calyx persistent, dark purple, five- 
cleft, segments of the length of the corolla, linear, acute. 

Carol. Tubular, five-lobed, sub-equal, gibbous at 
the base. 

Stam, Included. 

Stig, Capitate, sub-five-lobed. 

Berry, Three-celled, three-seeded and crowned with 
the calyx. 

The flowers resemble those of the sweet scented shrub 
in appearance. 

Spec. Char. Leaves large oval, acuminate, abruptly 
narrowed at the base, connate, sub-pubescent beneath, 
the two uppermost pairs are small and convoluted till 
after the inflorescence is past, when they become de- 
veloped to the full size and assume a brownish purple 
colour. Flowers axillary, sessile and whorled in triplets, 
three, six or nine around the stem ; blooms in the latter 

* Three bony seeds. 



250 TRIOSTEUM PERFOLIATUM. 

end of May. Corolla reddish purple above, striated 
below and pubescent. The berries are ovate, commonly 
six in a whorl, sometimes purple, but generally of an 
orange colour ; they have three divisions, each contain- 
ing one hard seed, and ripen in September. 

The plant inhabits rich hilly woodlands, and the edge 
of cultivated grounds, and grows from two to four feet 
high, several stalks arising from the same root. The 
stems are about three-eighths of an inch in diameter, 
simple, erect, cylindrical, pubescent and of a green 
colour. The root is perennial, contorted, tuberculated 
or gibbous, of a brownish colour, giving off horizontal 
branches from eighteen inches to two feet in length, 
about the size of the finger in diameter, yellowish exter- 
nally and whitish internally. 

From pharmaceutical experiments, it has been ob- 
served that when the plant is treated with water it yields 
a larger quantity of active extract, than when treated 
with alcohol, and that the alcoholic extract is perfectly 
soluble in water, proving that the medicinal properties 
of the triosteum do not consist of resinous matter. The 
active principle cannot be obtained by distillation. The 
leaves yield the largest quantity of soluble matter, but 
that obtained from the root possesses the greatest activity. 

Both the leaves and the root of the triosteum are 
quite bitter to the taste. The root is also nauseous to 
the taste, and has an odour somewhat resembhng ipe- 
cacuanha. 

The medicinal properties of the triosteum, alloeopathi- 
cally considered, are four-fold, viz : emetic, cathartic, 
diaphoretic and diuretic, and by some, if given in. small 
doses, a tonic. The larger doses, and especially when 
prepared from the bark of the root, are found to act with 
great certainty and energy on the alimentary canal, both 
by emesis and catharsis, while a decoction of the leaves 
are found to produce merely a diaphoretic effect. 

When kept in the dry state, its medicinal properties 
are said to be very much impaired by age. 

The berries, after being dried and_roasted, have been 



TRIOSTEUM PERFOLIATUM. 251 

used by the settlers of the interior of the country, as a 
substitute for coffee, and hence, one of its common 
names — wild coffee. It has been recommended by old 
school practitioners, as an emectic in intermittent fevers 
and pleurisy. 

The Triosteum perfoliatum held a high rank in the 
Materia Medica of some tribes of Indians in this coun- 
try, as we learn from that excellent Botanist, Dr. Wm. 
Darlington, who well recollects the last Indian Doctress 
of the Delaware tribe, in the vicinity of West Chester, 
who seemed to consider it a sort of panacea, and pre- 
scribed it in all cases of disease, without distinction. 

The following symptoms were obtained from taking a 
few drops of the tincture in water, every day, for three 
successive days. 



Dulness and drowsiness, with disinclination to engage 
actively in business. 

Greater cheerfulness. (First day. JYeidhard.) 

Sleepiness without the ability to sleep sound after 
midnight. 

SKIN. — Vesicular eruption on the forehead over the 
left eye, on the middle of th^ chest and on the right 
arm. (JYeidhard.) 

5. Very great itching at night, with welts all over the 
surface. {JYeidhard.) 

Violent itching eruption of the skin, generally with 
elevation of- the skin. (Second day. JYeidhard,) 

FEVER. — General perspiration. 

Drying away of the perspiration, and development of 
fever, with hot skin and increased thirst. 

Aching in all the bones. 

HEAD. — 10. Giddiness when rising at midnight, 
with extreme drowsiness. 

Headache which is worse in the right side of the fore 
part of the head, and right temple. 



252 TRIOSTEUM PERFOLIATUM. 

Pain in the hinder part of the head with the sensation 
of weight. 

Increasing pain in the head. 

Headache worse from sitting up. 

15. Boring pain in the left temple. 

Boring pain in the right temple, at 3 o'clock, A. M. 

Pain in the right side of the head and in the back. (47.) 

Pain in the nape and occiput, with coldness and stiff- 
ness in the feet. (58.) 

EYES.— SHght pain in the left eye-ball. 

NOSE.— 20. Sneezing. 

THROAT. — Soreness as if from swelling of the 
pharynx, and pain in the oesophagus on swallowing. 
[JVeidhard,) 

APPETITE.— Increased appetite through the day. 

Loathing of all food. 

Thirst but not a very urgent desire for drink. 

STOMACH —25. At 4 o'clock in the morning, the 
feeling of a load and oppression in the epigastrium, with 
throbbing and an undulating sensation all through the 
system. 

Pain in the epigastrium increased by drinking water. 

Pain in the epigastrium increased by turning in bed. 

Oppression in the epigastrium through the night. 

Soreness in the epigastric region. [JYeidhard,) 

30. Slight nausea. 

Nausea on rising, which was immediately followed by 
copious vomiting of very sour ingesta, attended with 
cramp in the stomach, and followed by perspiration and 
a pain in the forehead, which was worse on the left 
side. 

Vomiting at 5 o'clock in the morning on rising to 
stool. 

Vomiturition, attended with severe pain in the epigas- 
trium, and drawing in the calves of the legs, almost 
amounting to a cramp. (56.) 

Flatulency, confined to the stomach. 

35. Heat and sharp pain in the light side of the abdo- 
men in the evening. 



TRIOSTEUM FERFOLIATfjM. 253 

BOWELS.— Stool at 7 o'clock, A. M., followed by 
numbness of the lower extremities. (56.) 

Copious evacuation of thin stools from the bowels, 
without pain. 

The evacuations from the bowels seemed to proceed 
from the small intestines. 

Stools watery or frothy, voided without pain, and are 
followed by exhaustion. 

40. Evacuation from the bowels, at 7 o'clock, A. M., 
preceded by pain in the abdomen. 

The evacuations are most frequent in the evening. 

* A diarrhoea attended with colic pains. {JVeidhard,) 

Irritation in the anus with exudation of mucus. (JYeid* 
hard,) 

GENITALS. — Discharge of semen during sleep with- 
out erection. 

CHEST AND HEART.— 45. Audible beating of 
the heart and shght pain under the left breast. 

TRUNK. — Pain in the right shoulder from lying on it. 

Pain in the nape and back. (17.) 

Pain in the nape with perspiration. 

Rheumatic pain in the back from stooping. 

50. Pain and stiffness in the loins. 

The pain in the loins is confined to the left side. 

EXTREMITIES.— Stiffness of all the joints of the 
upper, as Vv^ell as of the lower extremities. 

Remarkable stiffness in the lower extremities with 
slight coldness, and a tingling sensation. 

Stiffness in the knees when attempting to rise. 

55. Pain in the right knee. 

Numbness in the calves of the legs. • (36, 33.) 

Penetrating pain under and behind the left external 
malleolus after sleeping. 

Stiffness of the joints of the toes, ankles and knees 
when lying. (18.) 

Drawing and shrinking sensation in the legs, and the 
most decided pricking in the soles oi the feet. 

Coldness and stiffness in the feet. (IS.) 

22 



REPERTOmUM 



GENERAL EFFECTS. 

Chills^ down the back with heat in the St., Lob. i. 

Cold^ greater ability to bear it. Oxal. ac. 

Consciousness^ loss of. Oxal. ac. 

Convulsions^ just before or at the time of death. Oxal. ac. 

Debility^ general, Eup. p., Lob. i. 

Dislocated^ sens, as if the shoulder and hip joints would be. 
Fluor, ac. 

Erratic pain, slight, in left half of the body, with slight itch- 
ing. Fluor, ac. 

Influenza of old people and inebriates. Eup. p. 

' with weakness of the pulse, and great general 

prostration. Eup. p. 

Intermitting symptoms. Oxal. ac. 

Jerking pain in different parts of the body^ behind the left ear, 
on left middle finger, in Os. sacrum, &c. Fluor, ac. 

burning pains, violent, confined to a small space. 

Fluor, ac. 

pains, sudden shocks of. Pod. p. 

Joints^ affections of. Oxal. ac. 

Lameness^ sens, of, and pressure in the hand, arm, foot, &g. 
Fluor, ac. 

Languor^ excessive. Fluor, ac. Oxal. ac. 

Morning^ aggravation of symptoms. Pod. p. 

feeling as from previous debauch. Oxal. ac. 

Motion^ of different parts, as feet, hands, eyelids, facial mus- 
cles, &c. Fluor, ac. 



• smgularly easy. Fluor, ac. 



Neuralgia^ El at. 
Numbness^ gen., approaching palsy. Oxal. ac. 
Fains, achmg, in the bones of the fore arms and legs. 
Fluor, ac. 

aggravated by movement. Oxal. ac. 

of short duration, in left leg, arm and hand. Fluor, ac. 

chiefly affecting the left side. Elat. 



256 MENTAL AFFECTIONS. 

Fains occupying but a small spot, half an inch to an inch 
in length. Fluor, ac. 

sharp, fugitive, or dull aching shifting. Elat. 

Pressing pain in different parts in the evening. Fluor, ac. 
Rheumatism J accompanied by perspiration and soreness of 

the bones. Eup. p. 
Shivering^ through the whole body. Lob. i. 
Sitting^ whilst, pleasurable movements of the whole body. 

Fluor, ac. 
Symptoms^ aggravated, evening and morning. Sang. c. 

■ aggravated in the morning, better in the evening. 
Pod. p. 

constant change of. Sang. c. 

Tired easily, in the evening. Fluor, ac. 

Tremor ^ of the limbs. Oxal. ac. 

Walking^ difficult. Fluor, ac. 

Weakness^ and numbness in limbs and back. Oxal. ac. 



MENTAL AFFECTIONS. 



Anger. Fluor, ac. 
Anxiety. Fluor, ac. 
Apathy, Fluor, ac. 



Aversion^ to conversation. Oxal. ac. 



to business. Fluor, ac. 
to exercise. Kalm. 1, 



Cheerfulness^ excessive. Fluor, ac. 

Concentration ofmind^ unusual. Oxal. aC. 

Contentment^ perfect. Fluor, ac. 

Dejection. Flat., Eup. p. 

Displeased J easily. Fluor, ac. 

Discontentedness^ in the evening. Fluor, ac. 

Fear of some approaching disaster. Elat. 

Forgetfulness of the most common occurrences. Fluor, ac. 

in business. Fluor, ac. 

of dates. Fluor, ac. 

Fury. Fluor ac. 

Gaiety of mind excessive, in the morning. Fluor, ac. 

Hatred of absent persons, disappearing as soon as they are seen. 

Fluor, ac. 
Hilarity, Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac. 
Horror, ideas of. Fluor, ac. 
Inattention, Fluor, ac. 
/// humor. Fluor, ac. 
Illusions J of the senses. Fluor, ac. 
Indifference to dangers which appear to menace one. Fluor, ac. 



SLEEP, ETC. 257 

IrritaUlity, towards eveningj which continues next morning. 

Kalm. 1. 
Love of children excessive. Oxal. ac. 
Meditation, difficult and slow in the morning. Oxal. ac 
Merriment^ excessive. Oxal. ac. 
Moroseness. Sang. c. 
Sing, disposition to. Lob. c. 
Talk, disinchnation to. Oxal. ac. 
Thoughts^ active. Oxal. ac. 

SLEEP, ETC. 

Awaking at midnight. Benz. ac. 

■ at 2 O'clock. A. M., from strong internal heat and hard 

bounding pulse. Benz. ac. 

earlier than usual. Sang, c 

after midnight, with violent pulsation of the heart and 

temporal arteries, and cannot fall asleep again 

Benz. ac. 
Dreams, anxious. Lob. i. 

disagreeable but not vexatious. Fluor, ac. 

fantastic. Kalm. 1. 

■ frightful. Sang, c, Fluor, ac. 

lascivious. Oxal. ac. 

lucid. Fluor, ac. 

unpleasant. Oxal. ac. Kalm.L. Sang. c. 

vivid. Fluor, ac. Oxal. ac. 

sad. Lob. i. 

of dying. Fluor, ac 

- of distant acquaintances and things. Fluor, ac 

of sudden death of friends. Fluor, ac 

of rapid sliding walking. Oxal. ac 

of sailing on the sea, two nights in succession. Sang, c, 

of water being poured on one. Oxal. ac. 

unable to remem^ber. Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac 

— — with frequent waking. Oxal. ac 

towards mornmg. of a frightful character. Fluor, ac 

Gaping, incessant. Elat. 

Sleeplessness, Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac, Sang. c. 

day and night. Fluor, ac 

in the evening. Fluor, ac 

at night. Sang, c 

^—— after midnight. Sang, c 

*S/eep, profound. Fluor. acOxal. ac. 

restless. Kalm. 1., Lob. i., Oxal. ac 

starting in, with jerking of the hands. Lob c 

22* 



258 FEBRILE AFFECTIONS. 

Sleep ^ talking in. Kalm. i. 

- walking in. Kalm. 1. 

with snoring. Fluor, ac. 

with sobbing. Lob. i. 

with anxiousj frightful dreams^ and awaking at midnight. 

Fluor, ac. 
Yawning, violent, Oxal ac. 

FEBRILE AFFECTIONS. 

Fevers, bilious, with colic, and watery discharges from the 

bowels. Elat. 
— — exhausting, with dyspepsia and hiccough. Oxal. ac. 

evening. Sang. c. 

Fever J Intermittent, Elat., Eup. p., Pod. p. 
quotidian. Elat., Eup. p., Pod. p. 

■ quartan. Elat., Eup. p., Pod. p. 

tertian. Elat., Eup. p., Pod. p. 
attended with thirst, throughout the night be- 
fore the paroxysm. Eup. p. 

attended by, 

aching pain and moaning throughout the 

cold stage. Eup. p. 
distressing pain in the scrobiculus cordis, 

throughout the chill and heat. Eup. p. 
a heavy chill in the morning of one day, and 

about noon the next. Eup. p. 
cough in the night previous to the paroxysm. 

Eup. p. 
(loose) in the intermission. Eup. p. 
throbbing headache, during the chill and teat. 

Eup. p. 
vomiting at the conclusion of the chill. 

Eup. p. 
pain in abd., and w^atery evacuations from 

the bowels. Elat. 
loss of appetite during the apyrexia. Pod. p. 
delirium and loquacity, during the hot stage, 

wdth forgetfulness afterwards of all that 

passed. Pod. p. 

- vomiting of bile at the close of the hot stage. 
Eup. p. 

- thirst during the chill, and heat with vomit- 
ing after each draught of water. Eup. p. 

• worse in the morning of one day and after- 
noon of the next, Eup, p. 
followed by little or no perspiration. Eup. p. 



FEBRILE AFFECTIONS. 259 

Fever J attended by, 

constipation. Pod. p. 

— - dry. hot skin. Eup. p.^ Trios. 

delirium. Pod. p. 

aching of the bones of the extremities, and soreness of 

the flesh. Eup. p. 

aching of all the bones. Trios, p. 

- aching pain, and soreness as if from having been beaten 

in the calves of the legs, small of back and arms. 
Eup. p. 

- flushed face. Eup. p. 

- retching and vomiting of bile. Eup. p. 

> coldness, trembling and nausea. Eup. p. 

— ■ internal trembling and external heat. Eup. p. 

- pain in the morning before the paroxysm. Eup. p. 
■ diarrhoea, Elat. 

- violent headache and thirst. Pod. p. 

chill in the morning at 7 o'clock, with pressing pain in 

both hypochondria, and dull aching pains in the knees 
and ankles, elbows and wrists. Pod. p. 

thirst. Pod. p. 

sens.^ as if hot water was poured-^m the breast into the 

abdomen. Sang. c. 

- sleep and moaning. Eup. p. 

soreness of the bones. Eup. p. 

vomiting after every draught. Eup. p. 

despondency, morbid sensitiveness of the skin, and sleep- 

lessness. Eup. p. 
— ^ alternate chilliness, and flashes of heat. Eup. p. 

trembling in the back. Eup. p. 

-^— sleeplessness. Eup. p. 

followed by, 

great lassitude. Eup. p. 

slight perspiration. Eup. p. 

forgetfclness of words. Pod. p. 

preceded by, 

cold and shivering on two successive days. Kalm. 1. 

— : — chill and shivering in the back, in the evening. Sang. c. 
Chills^ in the morning. Eup. p., Pod. p. 

- at 9 O'clock. Eup. p. 

at 7 o'clock, preceded by thirst, and attended by moisture 

of the hands. Eup. p. 

- in the evening, with sneezing. Eup. p. 

. hastened by drinking cold water. Eup. p. 

after the vomiting. Eup. p. 

attended by, headache. Eup. p., Pod. p.; Sang c 

backache and thirst. Eup. p. 



260 FEBRILE AFFECTIONS. 

Chills, nausea. Sang, c, Eup. p. 

coldness and stinging or pricking in the feet. Eup. p. 

unusual shivering. Eup. p. 

— — stiffness of the fingers. Eup. p. 

shaking, and pain under the shoulder-blade on motion. 

Sang. c. 
Chills^ preceded by, 

pain in the back. Pod. p., Eup. p. 

pain above the right ilium v^ith thirst and yawning. 

Eup. p. 

violent pains in the head and back. Eup. p. 

followed by, 

nausea and vomiting. Eup. p. 

Chilliness, 

in the morning. Eup. p. 

from motion. Eup. p. 

through the night and in the morning, with nausea. Eup. p. 

Chilliness^ attended by, 

Gaping. Elat. 

nausea. Eup. p. 

trembling and nausea. Eup. p. 

thirst. Eup. p. 

Coldness^ during nocturnal perspiration. Eup. p. 
Heat J gen. 

after exercise. Fluor, ac. 

sens, of Oxal. ac. 

sens, as if a burning vapour was emitted from the pores 

of the whole body. Fluor, ac. 

flushes of 

with perspiration. Oxal. ac. 

in the evening. 

sens, of increased warmth. Fluor, ac. 

— forenoon. 

sens, of internal, particularly in the face. Oxal. ac. 

first in the face, then in the left leg, as from external 

warmth. Oxal. ac. 
■ pungent during the nocturnal perspiration. Eup. p 
Heat^ attended by, 

aching of the bones of the extremities. Eup. p. 

delirium and loquacity. Pod. p. 

— nausea and sickness. Eup. p. 
headache and trembling. Eup. p. 

increased headache, but diminished thirst Kup p 

throbbing headache. Eup. p. 

thirst. Pod. p., Trios. 

followed by, 

little or no perspiration. Eup: p. 



SKIN, ETC. 261 

Perspiration^ clammy. Oxal. ac. 

■ cold. £up. p. 

■ of hands, feet and face. Oxal. ac. 

profuse, of hands, feet and face. Fluor, ac, 
diminished. Eup. p., Oxal. ac. 
glutinous, with itching. Fluor, ac. 
nocturnal. Eup. p., Pod. p. 
sour. Fluor, ac. 

in the evening. Eup. p., Fluor, ac. 
offensive. Fluor, ac. 

■ slight. Eup. p. 

■ gen. Trios. 

^— accompanied by, 

■ ^ sens, of heat, on the upper part of the body, to- 

wards the right. Fluor, ac. 
— — — • cold creepings, particularly from the lower part of 

the spine upwards. Oxal. ac. 
Pulse J accelerated. Oxal. ac, Sang. c. 

diminished. Sang. c. 

frequent. Oxal. ac, Sang. c. 

- full. Sang. c. 

hard. Oxal. ac, Sang. c. 

quick. Sang, c 

imperceptible. Oxal. ac 

-. — intermittent. Oxal. ac. 

irregular. Sang, c 

quick. Sang, c 

rapid. Sang, c 

. slow. Kalm. L, Pod, p., Sang, c 

small. Sang, c 

soft. Sang. c. 

suppressed. Sang. c. 

tense. Oxal. ac 

- tremulous. Oxal. ac. 

with coldness, clammy sweats and lividity of 

finger nails. Oxal. ac. 

fainting. Sang, c 

coldness and insensibility. Sang, c 

SKIN5 ETC. 

Blotches J on the skin. 

red, elevated, above the eyebrows. Fluor, ac 

Blood-vesicles J small, light red, round, elevated, mostly on the 

right side, disappearing for a moment after 

strong pressure. Fluor, ac 
Burning pains on small spots of the skin. Fluor, ac. 

angle of the index finajer. Fluor, ac 



262 HEAD. 

Burning pains on the back part of the right hand. Fluor, ac. 

— — more externally, in different places, but always 

on one spot : as the inside of the thigh, arm, 
fingers, &c. Fluor, ac. 
Eruptions^ mottled in circular patches. Oxal. ac. 
I/chingj on different places of the body, worse on the posterior 
parts. Fluor ac. 

on the neck. Oxal. ac, Fluor, ac. 

left side of nape, on top of, and below the shoulder, 

morning and evening. Fluor, ac. 
on the left shin, on the left gluta3i muscle and forehead. 

Fluor, ac. 

habitual in the month of March. Fluor, ac. 

of all cicatrices on the left side. Fluor, ac. . 

— — with redness, and appearance of vesicles. Fluor, ac. 

violent in the evening after w^alking. Oxal. ac. 

with small pimples here and there. Fluor ac. 

on the cicatrix ^of an old abcess, inside of left 

thigh. Fluor, ac. 
Moist ness, of the skin. 

with preternatural warmth. Pod. p. 

Mottled appearance of the skin, in circular patches. Oxal. ac. 

Naevi Materni. Fluor ac. 

FiinpkSj red, small, in groups on the back part of the hip joint. 

Fluor, ac. 
on the abdomen, thighs and legs, the points of which 

form a crust. Fluor ac. 
Pricking^ itching, mostly on the left side. Fluor, ac. 
Ftislules painful on the right index finger. Oxal. ac. 
Redness^ of the skin efface. Oxal. ac. 
Red points on the glans penis. Oxal ac. 
Sallowness oi \\iQ hXiiii. 

in children. Pod. p. 

Sensitiveness of the skin. 

while shaving. Oxal. ac. 

Smarting of the shin and soreness around the neck. Oxal. ac 
Softness of the flesh, 

with debility in children. Pod p. 

Varicose veins. Fluor, ac. 
Vesicles^ bloody. Fluor, ac. 
Yellowness of the skin. Sang c. 

HEAD. 

Burning^ first in forehead, afterwardsinjaws, occiput and blad- 
der. Fluor, ac. 



HEAD. 263 

CkilUness of the left side of head, with sens, as if the hair would 

raise on end. Lob. i. 
Congestion of blood to the head. Fluor, ac, Sang. c. 

— - sens, of, proceeding from the throat. Fluor, ac. 

• with whizzing in the ears, and sens, of heat. 

Sang. G, 
Confusion of head; with drowsiness. Benz. ac. 
Distress J on the top, and in the back part of head. Eup. p. 

drawing pain in head and eyes. Kalm. 1. 

— — worse towards evening. Kalm. 1. 
Dulness of the head. Fluor, ac, Kalm. 1., Lob. i., Pod. p., 
Sang, c, 

— of occiput. Fluor, ac. 

— towards the right. Fluor, ac. 

with painful tension towards the right. Fluor, ac. 

with sleepiness in the morning. Pod. p. 

in the evening. Kalm. 1. 

. — in the morning. Fluor, ac. 

of occiput and forehead. Lob. i. 

Dull pain in the region of causality. Elat. 

in the region of combativeness. Elat. 

pressure from the nape upwards, extending. Fluor, ac. 

Emptiness of head, (hollowness) sens. of. Oxal. ac. 
Forehead^ boring pain in. Sang. c. 

burning pain in. Fluor, ac. 

compressing pain in right frontal protuberance. 

Fluor, ac. 

congestion of blood to, like a quick jerk. Fluor, ac. 

darting pain in. Sang. c. 

. at night. Sang. c. 

deep in the middle of, pain. Fluor, ac. 

dull heavy pain in. Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac. 

— • w'ith soreness over the seat of pain. 

Pod. p. 
. passing round in a line above the 

eyebrows. Lob. i. 



- fulness above the eyes. Oxal. ac. 
' pain in. Sang, c 
. pain in, as if it would split, with chill; and with burn- 
ing in stomach. Sang. c. 
' pain in left frontal protuberance, worse in afternoon 

Pod. p. 
' pressing in. Kalm. 1. 

with drawing. Sang, c, 

■ pain in, as if in the bone. Fluor, ac. 



' pulsating in. Kalm. 1. 
• rending pain in. Kalm. 1. 



264 HEAD. 

ForeJieadj right side of, pain. Fluor, ac, Sang, c, Trios 

better while moving. Sang. c. 

left side of, pain. Fluor, ac. 

slow shooting pain in. Sang. c. 

shooting pains in left side of. Fluor, ac. 

sudden pain in, with sore throat, in the evening. 

Pod. p. 

— and temples, pain. Fluor, ac, Kalm. 1. 

pain on the right side in evening. Sang. c. 

and vertex, pain, towards the right, Fluor, ac. 

— — every day, pain in. Kalm. 1. 

in the evening pain in. Fluor, ac, Kalm. 1. 

Headache^ with nausea and vomiting. Lob. i. 

to the left upper jaw, passing. Fluor, ac. 

to the lower jaws, extending. Oxal. ac. 

from the forehead to occiput, extending. Eup. p. 

along the base of the occipital bone. Oxal. ac. 

always drawing upward from the neck. Sang, c 

. — — with heat in the face. Fluor, ac. 

— with chill. Sang, c 

between the vertex and occiput. Oxal. ac. 

when lying down. Sang, c 

over the right eyebrow. Fluor, ac. 

^ • paroxysmal. Sang. c. 

— dull after dinner. Lob. i. 

in right side of, and back. Trios. 

alternating with diarrhoea. Pod. p. 

■ from the anterior angle of right eye, to forehead, ex- 

tending. Sang, c 
in all the left side of head, extending to the eye, with 

similar pain in the left foot. Sang. c. 
with rheumatic pains and stiffness of the limbs and 

neck preceded by nausea. Sang, c 
Heat^ in head and face. Pod. p. 
Heaviness of the head. Fluor, ac, Kalm. L, Lob. i., Sang. c. 

first in the right then in the left side. Kalm. 1. 

above the eyes. Fluor, ac. 

worse on motion. Fluor, ac. 

Heavy pain in the left half of the head. Fluor, ac. 
Jerking J violent in the interior, behind and above the right eye- 
brow. Fluor, ac. 
Looseness of brain, sens. of. Kalm. 1. 
Occiput^ pain in. Eup. p, , Fluor, ac. Lob. i., Trios. 
aching. Fluor, ac. 

■ — dull. Fluor, ac, Kalm. 1., Lob. i. 
pressing. Fluor, ac, Lob. i. 

— — sens, of soreness and beating. Eup. p. 



HEAD. 265 

Ocdpuf, with sens, of weight after lying. Eup. p., Trios. 

and nape, with stitfness. Trios. 

Pressure inward. Oxal. ac. 

in the occiput towards the right, with a sens, of numb- 
ness and pricking in the left forearm. Fluor, ac. 

pain in right temple. Kalm. 1. 

outwards from witliin, sens. of. Fluor, ac. 

Pressing pain in forgfhead and right e3'e on stooping. Fluor, ac. 

upw^ardS; sens, as if the brain was. Fluor, ac. 

Rushing in the head. Kalm. 1. 

pain in forehead towards the left. Kalm. 1. 

. on rising iVom bed. Kalm. 1. 

in right teniple. Kalm. 1. 

.— - in head and neck. Kalm. 1. 

of blood, sens, of across the head. Eup. p. 



RoUing of h.j during difficult dentition in children. Pod. p. 

Shaking, gen., frequent sens, of, with a dull pressure and com- 
pression in the occiput, towards the right. Fluor, ac. 

"^ in the back part of head, towards the rigiit, in the fore- 
noon. Fluor, ac. 

Shivering of h- sens, of, without coldness, passing from the top 
of the head to the neck. Kahii. 1. 

Shocks, from the nape towards the occiput. Kalm. 1. 

of pain sudden through the h. Lob. i. 

Temples, pain in. Eiat, , Kalm. 1. 

darting pain in. Eup. p., Fluor, ac, 

— — in right t. Kalm. L 



dull pain in. Fluor, ac. 
distension of veins in. Sang. c. 



1 



quick throbbing m. Fluor, ac. 

jerking in. Oxal. ac. 

soreness in, and pain in spots. Sang. c. 

pressure in, from within outwards. Fluor, ac. 

w^ith a dull pres-ing in the flesh above the left 

elbow, and hands feel paralyzed. Lob. i. 

shooting pain in. Fluor, ac, Lob. i. 

stunning, relieved by pressure. Pod. p. 

soreness hi right parietal protuberance. Eup. p. 

pain in left parietal protuberance. Lob. i. 

pressing pain in. w^ith drawing in the eyes, in the fore- 
noon. Pod. p. 

undulating pain in. Fluor, ac. 

boring in left t. Trios. 

in lel'tt. stitches, periodic. Sang. c. 

in left t. pain. Fluor, ac, Oxal.ac. 

pressure in. Fluor, ac. 

in the region of constructivenesS; pain. Benz. ac. 

23 



266 HEAD. 

Tension in the h.^ towards the right. Fluor, ac. 
Throbbing in the h. Eup. p., Fluor, ac. 
and pain in left side of head. Kalm. 1. 

■ above the right ear. Eup. p. 

— and bitter vomiting. Sang c. 

worse by stooping. Sang. c. 

worse by every motion. Sang. c. 

Undulation in the headj painful. Fluor, ac. 

Vertigo. Flnor. ac, Oxal. ac. Kalm. 1., Lob. i., Sang, c, Trios. 
. with pain in head, and trembling of the body. Lob. i. 

with nausea. Kalm. 1., Lob. i.. Sang. c. 

■ with pains in head and limbs. Kalm. 1. 

■ with pain in head, on lying down. Oxal. ac, 

on quickly turning the head and looking upwards. 

Sang, c 

when looking down. Kalm. 1. 

— when stooping. Kalm.L 

with sens, of fulness over the eyes. Pod. p. 

with darts of pain in forehead^ obliging one to shut the 

eyes. Pod. p. 
> with inclination to fall forwards. Pod. p. 

in the open air. Pod. p. 

at midnight, with drowsiness. Trios. 



Vertex^ pain in. Oxal. ac, sang, c 

dull. Oxal. ac. 

heaviness Oxal. ac. 

pain as ii bound with a cord. Kalm. 1. 

pain when rising in the morning. Pod. p. 

■ heat in, with headache. Pod. p. 
pressing in, disappears whilst walking. Sang. c. 

Weakness of head, sens. of. Fluor, ac. 
Headache^ morning. Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac, Pod. p. 

with flushed face. Pod. p. 

— — forenoon. Fluor, ac, Pod. p. 

at noon. Kalm. 1. 

• every other morning, with nausea. Eup. p. 

— evening. Fluor, ac. 

with tickling in the throat. Sang. c. 

violent pressive pain, with heat of face. 

Lob. i. 



afternoon, pain-like fulness in forepart of head. 

Sang, c 
Aggravated by stooping, headache. Fluor, ac 

by moving. Fluor, ac 

Head^ exterior of 

Alopecia^ (falling off of hair.) Fluor, ac 

£o77es of temples, pain in. Fluor, ac. 

jerking in, above right eyebrow. Fluor, ac. 



EYES AND SIGHT. 267 

Compression, on the right frontal protuberance. Fiuor. ac. 
Contraction on top of head towards the right, followed by pain 

under the right shoulder-blade. Fiuor. ac. 
Distension of veins on head. Sang. c. 
— — — on temples. Sang. c. 
Fulness in the left parietal bone. Fluor, ac. 
Itching on the head. Fluor, ac. 

of scalp. Benz. ac. 

Looseness of scalp on one side, on raising the eyes. Sang c. 
Perspiration of head, during sleep, with coldness of the fiesh 

while teething, in children. Pod. p. 
Pressing, on the whole of the upper part of the head and spinal 

column, as if pressed together, in the morning. 

Benz. ac. 
' pain on left side of occiput. Fluor, ac. 

' dull in occiput towards the right. Fluor ac. 
Soreness of head, with pain in spots. Sang. c. 
■ of scalp, on being touched. Sang. c. 

EYES AND SIGHT. 

Angles J itching in. Benz. ac, Lob. i. 



left inner, violent. Fluor, ac. 
left eye. Lob, i. 
— right inner, in evening. Fluor, ac. 



Blotches, elevated, red, over the eyebrows. Fluor, ac. 
Burning, in the eyes. Fluor, ac, Kalm. 1., Lob. c. 

— • in right eye. Sang, c 

— itching in right eyebrow. Fluor, ac 

— in the internal canthis. Fluor, ac. 



■ shooting pain at the bottom of the orbit. Fluor, ac. 
Clearness of sight, with increased power of vision. Fluor, ac. ^ 
Cloudiness before the eyes. Kalm. 1. 

Drawing round the right eye in the evening. Fluor, ac. 

-DeVa/flf/zon of pupils. Sang. c. 

— — - sens, of, in the eyes, with pain in the head. Pod. p. 

Dimness of the eyes, and sens, as of hairs in them. Sang. c. 

Diminished "^o^Y ex of vision. Sang. c. 

Enlarged QuoXe oiYi&ion, Fluor, ac. 

Eruption, scaly, with pricking sens, in eyebrows. Fluor, ac. 

Glimmering, before the eyes, exactly in the point of vision, as 

if small points were continually moving before 

the eyes. Kalm. 1. 

• before the eyes. Sang. c. 

Beat, under the eyes. Fluor, ac. 

Heaviness of the eyes, with pain in top of head. Pod. p. 

Inflammation of the eyes, the left one esp. Kalm. 1. 

■ sens. of. Fluor, ac. 

Intolerance of light. Eup. p., Lob. c. 



268 EYES AND SIGHT. 

Itching in the eyes. Fluor, ac. ^ Kalm. 1. 

and burning in the left eye^ in the afternoon. Kalm. 1. 

— burning in right eyebrow. Fluor, ac. 

■ near the right eye externally. Fluor, ac. 

on upper eyelid. Fluor, ac. 

■ — in inner canthi. Fluor, ac. 

■ painful in left eye^ as if from a grain of sand. Fluor, ac. 
and stinging when rubbed. Kalm. 1. 



Lachrymal Fishila. Fluor, ac. 

Lachrymation^ increased. Fluor, ac, Eup. p.. Lob. c. Sang. c. 

Light, jerking before the eyes, crossing itself like lightning, in 

the evening. Fluor, ac. 
Objects, linear, appear larger and more distant. Oxal ac. 
Fkasant sensation as if the eyelids were wider opened, or the 

eyes more prominent. Fluor, ac. 
Pain in both orbits, worse in left. Oxal. ac. 

< and soreness in the right eye. Lob. i. 

and soreness in the left eyeball. Eup. p., Trios. 

in right eye. Kalm, 1., Sang. c. 

in the eyes, making it painful to move them. Kalm. 1. 

in the eye-balls, and in the temples, with heat and throb- 
bing of the temporal arteries. Pod. p. 
Pressing in the eyes, with pains in the arms, hands, and lower 

extremities. Kalm. 1. 
— • — above the right eye, sens. of. Kalm.l. 

as if behind the right eyeball. Fluor ac. 

in the upper part of the eyes, during walking. Oxal. ac. 

Lob. i. 
■ — pain about the eyes. Kalm. 1. 

pain in the left eye. Sang. c. 

Pricking, sens, of, in eyebrows. Fluor, ac. 

— — and burning in inner canthi. Fluor, ac. 

Quivering, above the external canthus of the left eye. Fluor, ac. 

externally on the right eye. Fluor, ac. 

liedness of xuRYgms of lids, with glutinous secretion from the 

meibomian glands. Eup. p. 
liing. large, bright, on closing the eyes. Fluor, ac. 
Smarting of inside of eyelids. Lob. i. 

of eyes. Pod. p. 

Soreness of eyeballs. Enp. p. 

' in the eyes, with smarting. Lob. c. 

Spark'ings, red, crossing each other, in the evening, Fluor, ac. 

Spots, dark, floating before the eyes whilst reading. Fluor, ac. 

St'ffn^ss, sens, of, in the muscles around the eyes and eyelids. 

Kalm. 1. 
StitcheSj acute in the eyes, towards evening. Kalm. 1. 
in right eye, in the morning. Kalm. 1. 



NOSE AXD SMELLING. 269 

Stitches in right eye and violent pressure, with sens, of dimness 

and weakness. Kalm. 1. 
— — under the left eye. Kalm. 1. 

in upper eyelid. Sang. c. 

Tremhling, which disappears after opening the eyes. Fluor, ac. 

EARS AND HEARING. 

Beating under the ears, irregular. Sang. c. 

Burning of ears, with redness of the cheeks. Sang. c. 

Crackling in right ear, when drawing the fingers over the 

cheek. Sang. c. 
Hearing^ increased sensitiveness of, in the morning. Fluor, ac. 
Humming in the ears, with determination of blood. Sang. c. 

■ in left ear. Sang, c. 

Itching in ears. Fluor, ac. 

■ in left ear. Benz. ac, Fluor, ac. 
Jerking behind the left ear. Fluor, ac. 
Otalgia. See pain. 

Pain^ aching, in left ear. Lob. i. 

in left ear, during pain in forehead. Sang. c. 

behind the right ear, moving up towards the head, 

Fluor, ac. 

in the right ear. Benz. ac, Fluor, ac. 

in right side of the head, and in the leg. Kalm. I. 

intermitting. Benz. ac. 

• pressing, in right ear. Fluor, ac. 

Shooting. Benz. ac 

shooting, extending into left ear from a pamful spot in the 

throat. Lob. i. 
— — sticking, near the rim of the cartilage, of left ear. Elat. 
Singing J sensation as if it would commence. Fluor, ac 
Sens'tiveruss of hearing, painful to sounds of a hammer. Sang, c 
Singing in the ears, with vertigo. Sang, c 
Stitches in right ear. Fluor, ac, Kalm. 1. 

severe in ears, followed by pain in the arms. Kalm. 1. 

slow, in left ear. Sang, c 

Tingling^ excessive, in the ears. Kalm. 1. 

NOSE AND SMELLING. 

Ariosmia^ (loss of smell.) Sang. c. 
Coryza^ flowing with sneezing. Eup. p._, Kalm. L 
Dislike to the smell of syrups. Sang, c 

Eruption of pimples on the nose towards the right, between the 
root of the nose and eye. Fluor, ac 

■ — of pimples, with inflamed base. Fluor, ac 

— of pimples, filled with pus. Fluor, ac. 

Heat in the nose, towards the right, Fluor, ac 

in the nose. Sang. c. 

23* 



270 TEETH AND GUMS. 

Infiammaiion of the nose, chronic^ inside towards the tip. 

Fluor, ac. 
Irritation^ sens, of, hi the leftnostriL Fluor, ac. 
0Z?s/ri/c/''07-i of nose. Kalm. 1. 
PrfssiTig on ridge of nose. Kalm. 1, 
Folypus^ nasal. Sang. c. 
Jitdness o{ \he nose, inside. Fluor, ac. 
f^mel/ingj increased sense of. Kalm. I. 
Smell of roasted onions. Sang, c, 
Sneezinir, Eup. p., Kalm. 1. 
Tickling in the nose. Kalm. 1. 

TEETH AND GUMS. 

Acrid. ^ putrid taste^ from the root of the right lateral incisor, on 

which there is fixed an artificial tooth. Fluor, ac. 
Mggravaiion of pain in carious teeth; by drinking cold water. 

Sang. c. 
Bleeding of the gums. Fluor, ac. Oxal. ac. 
Caries of teeth, Fluor, ac. 
Carious^ molar toothy pain in. Sang. c. 
Cuiiing pain in teeth,. Fluor, ac. 
J^igging pain in one of the lower incisors, towards the right. 

Fluor, ac. 
Drawing pain in the left lower jaw. Fluor, ac. 
Dull aching pains of the molar teeth of upper jaw. Oxal. ac. 
' pain, distressing, in the first molar tooth of the right upper 

jaw. Oxal. ac. 

pain in incisor and eye-tooth. Kalm. 1. 

pressing in left molar teeth and temple. Lob. i. 

Excoriaiion^ painful near the first lower molar tooth, on the 

right side. Fluor, ac. 
Grindijig of the teelh at night. Pod. p. 
Mucus dried on the teeth in the morning. Pod. p. 
Loosemss of the teeth. Sang. c. 
Fress'ng^ severe, in molar teeth, at night. Kalm. 1. 
JRoughtiess of teeth. Fluor, ac. 
Shooting and thrilling pain in carious molar teeth of upper jaw. 

Sang. c. 
Short pains in the teeth of the right side, in the evening. 

Kalm. 1. 
Teeth, p^in from piclung. Sang. c. 

pain in hollow. Sang. c. 

Upper teeth, pain in. Kalm. 1., Sang. c. 

•^ carious teeth, pain, with headache in same side. Sang. c. 

Warmth of teeth, sens. of. Fluor, ac. 



FACE, LIPS, AKD MAXILLA. 271 



FACE, LIPS AND MAXILL.E. 

Biting, involuDtarYj of lower lip at dinner. Fluor, ac. 
Burning^ on the outside of the right lower jaw, near the first 

or second molar tooth. Fluor, ac. 
Chilliness, in left cheek, extending to the ear. Lob. i. 
Compression in both zygomas with drawing downwards, to- 
wards the larynx. Fluor, ac. 
Contractions, painful, spasmodic in both joints of the Java's. 

Fluor, ac. 
Drawing, sens, of peculiar, extending from the right side of the 

mouth to the right eye. Lob. i. 

pain in the right lower jaw bone. Fluor, ac. 

in the entire left eye. Fluor, ac. 

Dryness of the lips. Sang. c. 

— and stiffness in the morning. Kalm. 1. 

Erup'ions^ vesicular, on the forehead. Lob. c. 

small white, oblong, with itching and discharge, 

near the inner angle of the left eye. Fluor, ac. 
Fissures, (cracks) in lips. Kalm. 1. 
Flushed face. Eup. p. 
Fulness, sens. of. in face. Oxal. ac. 
Gnawing^ slight, pain in both sides of the lower jaw bone, near 

the angle. Fluor, ac. 
Heat, first in the face, and afterwards in the left leg. Oxal. ac. 

in the face. Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac, LoD. i. 

sudden flashes of. Kalm. 1. 

Itching in tlie face at night. Kalm. 1. 

■ on^he right side of the face. Fluor, ac. 

slight, like pin prickings, on the right side of the face 

Fluor, ac 
Numbness, of the right joint of the lower jaw. Fluor, ac. 
Fuin^ drawing, Vfith rigidity, near the angle of the lower jaw. 
Oxal. ac. 

as if something sharp pointed was moved about deep in 

the bone, behind the left eye,. in the left nostril and 
forehead. Fluor, ac. 

deep, posterior to the right eye, extending into the upper 

jaw. Fluor, ac 

'fal sensibility of the right upper jaw. Fluor, ac 

drawing, in the right lower jaw bone. Fluor, ac. 

gnawing, slight, in both sides of the lower jaw, in the 

bone near the angle. Fluor, ac. 

pressing, in the right side of the face between the eye 

gind nose, in the afternoon. Kalm. 1. 
Ptrspiration of the face. Fluor, ac, Lob. i. 
Jiedness of face^ Oxal. ac, Eup. p. 



272 MOUTH, THROAT, TASTE, PALATE, ETC. 

Sallow sickly countenance. Eup. p. 

Stiffness o{ the ]3.\\s. Sang. c. 

Slinging in the bones of the jaws. Kalm. 1. 

SorencsSj deep, superior and posterior to the left eye. Fluor, ac. 

Warmfh^ sens, of, in the bone of the right upper jaw. Fluor, ac 

— - sens, of, on lips. Fluor, ac. 

MOUTH, THROAT, TASTE, PALATE AND TONGUE. 

Jfter-taste in month, of what has been eaten. Fluor, ac, 

Oxal. ac. 
Burning, like a sore on the inside of the lower lip, towards the 
right, very near the edge. Fluor, ac. 

— violent in the fauces. Fluor, ac. 

■ in the oesophagus. Sang. c. 

in the throat. Lob. i. 



. sens, of, on tongue. Sang. c. 
. prickling in the throat. Lob. i. 

. in the fauces and tongue. Lob. i. 

in fauces, after drinking sweet things. Sang. c. 



Chronic sore throat. Oxal. ac. 
Choking. Fluor, ac. 

Contraction of the oesophagus, as from below upwards, sens. of. 
Lob. i. 

■ and tension, sens. of. Fluor ac. 

Constriction in throat, with difficult deglutition. Fluor, ac. 
Coldness of tongue. Fluor, ac. 
Crawling on the tip of tongue. Sang. c. 
Deglutition^ difficult. Fluor, ac, Kalm. 1. 

painful. Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac, Benz. ac, Sang, c 

Dryness of the throat. Eup. p", Kalm. 1., Lob. i., Lob.c, Pod. p., 

Sang, c 
^ of the left half of the palate, and roof of mouth. 

Fluor, ac. 

of the mouth. Lob. i.. Pod. p. 

■ of tongue. Oxal. ac, Kalm. 1., Pod. p. 

of the fauces. Lob. i. 

■ and rawness, beginning on the right side and spreading 

over the whole tongue. Sang, c 
Expansion^ sens, of, in the posterior nares. Fluor, ac, Elat. 
Furred Tongue. Fluor, ac, Eup. p. 

white. Eup. p., Kalm. 1., Pod. p. 

Greasy taste in mouth. Sang, c 

. feefing in the mouth. Fluor, ac. 

Goitre. Pod. p. 

Heat^ in the throat, alleviated by the inspiration of cold air. 
Sang. c. 



MOUTH, THROAT, TASTE, PALATE, ETC. 273 

Hiai. sens, of, in mouth and fauces. Fluor, ac. 

in the cEsopha.^-us. Benz. ac. 

Hxmoptys's. Flaor. ac. 

Injiammation of tongue and mouth. Oxal. ac. 

of sublingual glands. Kalm. 1. 

Itching, (prickling) of tongue. Fluor, ac. 
Lump. sens, of in pit of throat. Lob. i. 
Mucus^ collection of. in the mouth. Fluor, ac. 

ejection of yellowish, from throat. Oxal. ac. 

^^ increased secretion of, from throat. Oxal. ac. 

• in the fauces, causing frequent hawking. Lob. i. 

■ ■ ratthng of. in throat. Pod. p. 

Oduur^ offensive, from the mouth. Pod. p. 
Offeusivehxe^Xh at night. Pod. p. 

Pain^ drawing, in the right side of the throat extending to the 
ear. Lob. i. 

in the mouth. Fhior. ac. 

at the opening of the left eustachian tube. Fluor, ac. 

severe, extending into the oesophagus. Fluor, ac. 

Pharyngitis. Sang. c. 

Pressing in the throat, and nausea, with stitches in the eyes. 
Kalm. 1. 

sens. of. as from a foreign body, in the whole course 

of the cceophagus. Lob. i. 
Prickling in the throat. Lob. i. 

sens, of, on tongue and roof of mouth. Sang. c. 

Pedness of tongue. Oxal. ac. 

Salivation^ increased. Kalm. ]., Fluor, ac, Pod. p. 

' •■ viscid. Fluor, ac, Lob. i. 

Scalding J sens, of, in mouth. Fluor, ac. 
Scraping in the throat. Kalm. 1. 

■ day and night, which excites a cough. Kalm. 1. 

sens, of, in the lower part of the entrances of the 

fauces, towards the left. Fluor ac. 
Skin, paleness of, mucous membrane of mouth. Eup. p. 

whiteness and peeling off of. Fluor, ac. 

Stitches in the tongue. Kalm. 1. 

left side. Sang, c 

Sores in the corners of the mouth. Eup. p. 
Soreness^ in the mouth. Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac. Pod. p. 

of fauces. Eup. p., Benz. ac, Fluor, ac, Lob. i., Lob.C; 

Oxal. ac 

■ of palate. Benz. ac. 

— — of tongue. Benz. ac, Sang. c. 

of roof Benz. ac. 

of throat, extending below the pharynx. Fluor, ac. 

Lob. i. 
of throat Lob. i.; Pod. p.. Sang, c. Trios. 



274 APPETITE, HUNGER AND THIRST. 

Soreness of left side when swallowing liquids, worse in the 

morning. Pod, p. 
Swallowing (see deglutition.) 
Swelling of tongue. Oxal. ac. 

sens, of, in the throat, with pain and aphonia. Sang. c. 

Sticking^ sens, of, in mouth. Fluor, ac. 
Taste in the mouth and pharynx, 

acid. Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac. 

acrid. Kalm. 1. 

on rinsing the mouth. Oxal. ac. 

bitter. Elat., Kalm. 1. 

— — disagreeable. Fluor, ac, Lob. i.. Lob. c. 
fiat. Fluor, ac 

- of fried liver at night. Pod. p. 

foul, acrid, from the root of a tooth. Fluor, ac 

foul. Pod. p. 

- greasy. Fluor, ac, Sang, c, 

slimy, in mouth. Sang, c 

■ inky, in the evening. Fluor, ac. 

- intolerable. Fluor, ac, 

insipid. Eup.p. 

pungent. Lob. i. 

■ saltish, in the morning. Fluor, ac. 

sour. Oxal. ac, Fluor, ac 

— — sweetish, in the throat at night, Fluor, ac, 

' loss of. Sang. c. 

Tenderness of tongue. Oxal. ac. 

Tightness of tongue. Oxal. ac 

Tingling in the salivary glands. Kalm. 1. 

Tumour J ulcerated, in the left side of the mouth, behind the 
last molar tooth. Benz. ac. 

Ulcers on the tongue, extensive fungoid. Benz. ac 

-ated tumour behind the last molar tooth. Benz. ac 

-— — painful, small, toward the right, in the corner of the up- 
per and lower jaw, Fluor, ac. 

— — in throat. Sang. c. 

Viscid saliva, at night previous to an attack of diarrhoea. 
Fluor, ac. 

mucus in mouth. Fluor, ac. 

TVhite furred tongue. Eup. p., Kalm. 1. 

■ with loss of appetite. Sang, c 

Yellow furred tongue. Eup. p. 

APPETITE, HUNGER AND THIRST. 

Mdipsia^ Oxal. ac 

Jlfier-iasie, of food, worse in afternoon. Fluor, ac 

Sfter -meals ^ food turns sour. Pod. p. 



APPETITE, HUNGER AND THIRST. 275 

After meals bitter eructations. Fluor, ac. 
Anorexia, Trios. 

Appetite^ increased. Oxal. ac, Fluor, ac, Trios, 
diminished. Fluor, ac, Lob. c 



— loss of. Eup. p., Oxal. ac, Lob. i.. Sang. c. 

— want of. Eup. p. 

— voracious. Fluor, ac, Sang, c 



Aversion to coffee. Fluor, ac 

to water. Oxal. ac 

Bulimia^ Fluor, ac. 
Desire for particular things, 

ice cream. Eup. p. 

— — for something sour. Pod. p. 
Eructations^ in gen., acid. Pod. p. 
— __ with pyrosis and flatulency. Fluor, ac 

■ fluid, with burning sens. Lob. i. 

■ bitter after dinner. Fluor, ac 

disgusting, with inclination to vomit. Fluor, ac. 

I nauseating, with inclination to vomit. Flaor. ac 

__ with sickness of stomach. Fluor, ac. 

■ with discharge of flatulency, per anum. Oxal. ac. 

sour. Fluor, ac. 

■ of wind. Elat., Fluor, ac^ Lob. i., Oxal. ac, Sang, c 

« tasteless. Eup. p. 

spasmodic Sang, c 

Heart-burn. Lob. i.. Pod. p., Sang, c 

with running of water in the mouth. Lob. i. 

Hiccough, (see singuhus.) 
Hunger, excessive. Fluor, ac 

increase of. Oxal. ac, Fluor, ac, 

satisfied by a small quantity of food, followed by nausea 

and vomiting. Pod. p. 
Nausea, in gen. Elat., Eup. p., Fluor, ac, Kalm. 1., Lob. i.. Lob. c. 

Sang, c. Trios. 

■ attended by, 
chills. Sang, c 

— — desire to vomit. Elat., Fluor, ac, Lob. i., Sang, c 
— — eructations. Fluor, ac. 

■ — general heat. Fluor, ac. 

headache. Fluor, ac, Kalm. 1., Sang, c 

■ ■ pressing in the throat, and stitches in the eyes. Kalm. 1. 

pyrosis. Fluor, ac 

salivation extreme. Sang, c 

vertigo. Fluor, ac. 

■ — violent, shivering and shaking of the upper parts of the 

body. Lob. i. 
vomiting, with perspiration and expectoration. Enp. p. 



276 APPETITE, HUNGER, AND THIRST. 

Nausea vomiting. Fin or. ac, Trios, 
of food. Enp. p. 



from stooping. Sang. c. 



— preceding nettle rasii. Sang. c. 



Fyrusis^ (see water-brash.) 
Qualmishness of the stomach, 

. with sickness. Oxal. ac. 

from odourSj the smell of food cooking, &c.j Enp. p. 

Regurif^itation of food. Pod. p. 

Singultus, (hiccough.) Benz. ac, Lob. i.. Sang. c. 

with fiovv of saliva. Lob. i 

Satiety^ from a small quantity of ibod. Pod. p., Fluor, ac. 
77iirsL Trios. 

moderate during fever. Pod. p. 

unusual. Oxal. ac. 

violent. Oxal. ac. 

-.— — at night. Fluor, ac. 

for something cold. Eup. p. 

for cold water. Eup. p., Lob. c. 

towards evening. Pod p. 

Tkirstlessness. Oxal. ac. 

Vondtingj Eup. p., Fluor, ac, Lob. i., Oxal. ac, Pod. p., Sang, c, 

Trios. 
of clear viscid fluid, with coagulated white pieces. 

Fluor, ac. 

of bitter water. Sang, c 

of bile. Eup. p. 

_ with pain in the epigastrium. Eup. p. 

copious. Lob. i. 

distressing disposition to. Eup. p. 

of hot frothy mucus. Pod. p. 

of food. Eup. p., Pod. p. 

an hour after a meal. Pod. p. 

immediately after drinking. Eup. p. 

preceded by thirst. Eup. p. 

with nausea. Eup. p. 

of food with putrid taste and odour. Pod. p. 

with profuse perspiration. Lob. i. 

with perspiration and expectoration. Eup. p. 

with cold perspiration ot" the face. Lob. i. 

with great weakness, but good appetite, shortly afier. 

Lob. i. 

with craving of food. Sang. c. 

with nausea, and fulness in the head. Pod. p. 

preceded %, gieat anxiety. Sang. c. 

slight pressure to stool. Sang. c. 

in the morning, on rising to stool. Trios. 



STOMACH, ABDOMEN, ETC 277 

Vomiturition^ with pain in the epigastrium, and drawing in the 

calves of the legs. Trios. 
Voracity^ voracious appetite. Eup. p.; Fluor, ac. 
Water-hrash^ Pod. p., Fluor, ac.^ Oxal. ac. 

every evening. Oxal. ac. 

with acid eructations, and passage of flatulency. 

Fluor, ac. 
. with much emission of flatulency, and pressing 

downwards. Oxal. ac. 

STOMACH, ABDOMEN, ETC. 

Burning^ gnawing and eructations in st. Oxal. ac. 
pain in st, and throat. Oxal. ac. 



towards the back, as if inflamed. Lob. 



Cramp in abd. Elat. 

in abdomen, changing from one place to another. Sang. e. 

Colic^ flatulent. Elat. 

with retraction of the abdominal muscles. Pod. p. 

with torpor of the liver. Sang. c. 

a pictonum. Elat. 

in the morning, followed by a diarrhoeal stool. Sang. c. 

attended by diarrhoea. Elat.. Sang. c. 

Digging pain in the abdomen, with pain in the sacrum. Sang. c. 
Distensim of abdomen, with shortness of breathing. Lob. i. 

in the evening, with escape of flatus from the vagina. 

Sang. c. 
Drawing^ slight, with cutting in abdomen. Sang. c. 
FaintnesSj sens, of, in region of the navel, with desire to draw a 
deep breath, relieved by bandaging, and after eat- 
ing. Fluor, ac. 
FulnesSj in region of stomachy with constriction in the throat, and 

frequent eructations. Fluor, ac 
— — in stomach, sens. of. Eup. p. 
-' in right hypochondriui.. with flatulence. Pod. p. 

in right hypochondrium^ with pain and soreaess. Sang. c. 

Pod. p. 
Grasping^ in abdomen. 
Heat^ in stomach. Eup.^p., Fluor, ac. 

in abdomen^ sens. of. Benz. ac, Pod. p. 

in stomach, before meals, followed by heaviness after 

meals, and worse during exercise. Fluor, ac. 
Indurations, in abdomen. Sang. c. 
Inflammation of the abdl. viscera. Sang. c. 
Jerking, in abd., left side. Fluor, ac. 
Liver, inflammation, of. Pod- p., Sang, c 

chronic. Pod. p.. Sang. c. 

with costiveness. Sang. c. 

24 



278 STOMACH, ABDOMEN, EfC. 

Liver J torpor and atony of. Sang. c. 

hot, streaming towards, from the breast. Sang. c. 

Fain^ in abdomen severe. Lob. i. 

across. Kalm. 1. 

left side of. just below the short ribs. Benz. ac. 

left side of, in the region of the spleen. Fluor, ac. 

■ left side of, and left arm, pressing in the even- 

ing. Fluor, ac. 

— worse after eating. Lob. i. 

right side of, followed by a pa^n in the glutseus 

muscle. Kalm. 1. 

* with heat, in the evening. Trios. 

in the bowels^ attended at first by coldness, then follow^ed 

by warmth. Pod. p. 
. . cramp-like, with retraction of the abdl. mus- 
cles, morning and evening. Pod. p., Elat. 

^ in the bowels^ dull. Elat. 

•= — ^ at daylight in the morning, relieved by lying 

on the side and bending forwards, and 
external w^armth ; aggravated by lying on 
the back. Pod. p. 

in the colon ascending. Pod. p. 

transverse, followed by diarrhoea. Pod. p. 

— — just above the hips, hindering respiration. Fluor, ac. 

*— — in right hypochondrium, dull. Elat., Lob. i. 

in left hypochondrium, aggravated by pressure, and lying 

on the left side. Pod. p. 

in hypochondrise, severe and continued, with vertigo and 

debility. Pod. p. 

over the crest of right ilium, dull, aching, pressing, ex- 
tending around the back, and deep into the pelvis. 
Oxal. ac. 

. liver^ in region of, right side. Kalm. 1. 

navel^ in the region of, during diarrhcea. Fluor, ac. 

sharpy above the right groin, preventing motion, in the 

latter months of pregnancy. Pod. p. 

. shooting J as from w^ind. Fluor, ac. 

in scrobiculuSj pressive, violent, like a heavy weight, at 

intervals of 15 minutes. Oxal. ac. 

' — ^ inereased by drinking water, and turning 

in bed. Trios. 

^- . dull. Elat. 

1 spleen, in region of, extending to the hips. Fluor, ac. 

in stomach. Oxal. ac. 

burning. Oxal. ac. 
excruciating. Oxal. ac. 

, after eating water melon, fish, &c. Fluor, ac. 

Oppression in scrobiculus, at night. Trios. 



279 

Pinching in navel, with watery eA'ac nation. Fluor, ac. 

in spleen, region of. Fluor, ac. 

Pressure. Oxal. ac. 

in scrobiculus. Kalm. 1. 

in stomach, as if from a weight, between meals. 

Fluor, ac. 

and burning in stomach. Fluor, ac. 

in stomach, extending to the back. Lob. i. 

in. right side. Kalm. 1. 

in[scrob., relieved by sitting erect. Kalm. 1. 

Grumbling in the bowels, with erratic pain. Fluor, ac. 

of flatus in the ascending colon. Pod. p. 

Sensitiveness^ stomach, region of, to pressure. Fluor, ac, 
Oxal. ac. 

excessive, with costiveness. Oxal. ac. 

Soreness around the waist, and fulness in the region of the 

liver. Eup. p. 

in scrobiculus. Trios. 

Stricture m scrobiculus, sens. of. Flat. 

in right hypochondrium. Pod. p. 

Throbbing, sens, of, on feeling the breast and abd. Fluor, ac. 

in abdomen. Sang. c. 

Tightness^ (constriction.) in left hypochondrium. Eup. p. 

in cardia. Lob. i. 

Twitting pain in right hypochondrium, with sens, of heal in 

the part. Pod. p, 
UncomfortablenesSj sens, of, in stomach. Fluor, ac. 
Warmth^ sens, of, in the abd., with a pressing towards the 

bladder at night. Fluor, ac. 
Weakness of stomach. Lob. i., Oxal. ac. 

extending into the chest and umbilicus. 

Lob. i. 

sens, of rising into the throat. Kalm.l. 

Weight, sens, of, in stomach. Kalm. 1. 

and dragging, sens, of; in left hypochondrium. Lob. i., 

Pod. p. 

ANUS, ETC. 

Blood, congestion of, to the anus. Fluor, ac. 

black, discharge of, after stool. Lob. i. 

discharge of, from haemorrhoids. Elat., Lob. i. 

Cholera Infanturn. Bonz. ac. Pod. p. 

Constriction of anus, in attempting to propel wind. Fluor, ac 
Costiveness, Elat., Kalm. 1. 

with catarrh. Eup. p. 

Constipation, Elat., Eup. p., Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac. Pod, p. 



280 ANUS, ETC. 

Diarrhoaa^ bilious. Elat., Pod. p. 

inclination to. Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac. 

■ with pain in region of navel. Oxal. ac. 

painful, with screaming and grinding of the teeth, 

in children, during dentition. Pod. p. 

during the day 4 or 5 natural stools. Sang. c. 

morning, in. Eup, p., Kalm. 1., Pod. p. 

evening, in. Sang. c. 

every other day. Fluor, ac. 

preceded by coryza, catarrh, or pain in the breast. 

Sang. c. 

Chronic^ worse in the morning. Pod. p. 

Dysentery. Sang. c. 

bilious. Flat. 

Evacuations^ alvine. 

bilious.. Flat. 

• copious, of thin stools, without pain. Trios. 

copious, pappy, preceded by discharge of flatu- 
lence, and accompanied by pain in the region 
of navel. Fluor, ac. 

copious, pappy, with blueness under the eyes. 

Pod. p. 

■ in the morning. Fluor, ac. 

desire for, ineffectual. Fluor, ac. Sang. c. 

' difiicult, hard and dry. Pod. p. 

disagreeable smell of. Fluor, ac. 

fetid, watery, white stools, very copious and ex- 
hausting in infants, with urine of a deep red 
colour. Benz. ac. 

free, twice a day. Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac. 

frothy. Flat. 

. hasty pressure for a passage, like in diarrhoea. 

Fluor, ac. 

ineffectual desire for. Fluor, ac. 

— inclination to. Kalm. 1., Oxal. ac. 

involuntary, of fluid faeces mixed w^ith blood. 

Oxal. ac. 

loose. Fluor, ac, Kalm. h 

at noon. Kalm. 1. , 

lumpy. Fluor, ac 
muco-gelatinous, small with flatulence and pain in 

sacrum. Pod. p. 
pappy. Fluor, ac, Lob. i., Oxal. ac. , Pod. p. 

thick and short. Oxal. ac. 

protracted. Fluor, ac. 
purging. Eup. p., Sang. c. 

with smarting heat in anus. Eup. p. 

soft. Kalm. 1-, Lob. i. 



URINE AND URINARY ORGANS. ' 281 

Evacuations J undigested food, of. Sang. c. 

watery, Benz. ac, Elat.. Eup. p., Fluor, ac. Pod. 

p., Sang. C; Trios. 

white. Benz. ac. 

preceded by cutting pains in abd., with weakness. 

Pod. p., Sang, c, Trios. 

colour of^ challv-like, offensive; withthirst, and gag- 
ging in children. Pod. p. 

• dark, bilious mucus. Elat. 

dark yellow mucus, smelling like carrion. Pod. p. 

■ green, in morning. Pod. p. 

light-brown, pappy. Oxal. ac. 

whitish, slimy. Pod. p. 

whitish, soft. Lob. i. 

. yellow, or dark green. Pod. p. 

yellowish-brown, large and pappy. Fluor, ac. 

Flatulence J discharge of Elat., Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac, Sang, c 

. difficult. Oxal. ac 

' with pain in region of navel. Oxal. ac 

— fetid. Fluor, ac. 

frequent, wuth eructations. Fluor, ac, 

Oxal. ac 

offensive; in the morning. Fluor, ac, 

Sang, c 

inodorous. Fluor, ac 



rumbling from. Elat., Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac. 
discharge of, small, preceding stools. Fluor, ac 



Haoniorrhoids. Fluor, ac, Pod. p., Ox ad. ac. Sang. c. 

bleeding from. Elat., Lob. i. 

Itching in and around the anus. Fluor, ac. 

above the anus. Fluor, ac. 

on the perineum. Fluor, ac 

Prolapsus ani. Fluor, ac, Pod. p., Lob. i. 

Scraping in anus, sens, as of a rough hard body. Lob. i. 

Stitch, dull, sloW; in anus. Oxal. ac 

Tenesmus^ in the upper part of rectum. Oxal. ac. 

URINE AND URINARY ORGANS. 

Bladder, irritability of. Benz. ac. 

— pains (dull) in region of. Fluor, ac 

pains (periodical) frequently returning. Fluor, ac 

pain in lower part of, before and after urination. Fluor, ac 

pain above the neck of, after urination. Fluor, ac. 

pain on pressure. Fluor, ac. 

pain (violent) in region of, extending down into the 

right thigh. Fluor, ac. 
24^. 



28f URINE AND URINARY ORGANS. 

Bladder^ pressure on, with a sensation of warmth in the abd. 

Fluor, ac. 
Enuresis. Pod. p. 
Tnguina. pain in region of, both sides. Fluor, ac. 

rightj burning pain in region of Fluor, ac. 

Nephritic colic^ with high coloured and strongly scented urine. 

Benz. ac. 
Urethra, aching pain in. Lob. i. 

intolerable burning in, during urination, and 5 minutes 

after. Fluor, ac. 
f/Vzne, discharge of. copious. Benz. ac, Eup. p., Oxal. ac. Sang. c. 

— diminished. Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac, Lob. i.. 

Pod. p. 

frequent, Fluor, ac, Pod- p., Sang, c 

with strong pressing. Benz. ac. 

nocturnal, during pregnancy. Pod. p. 
hot, scalding of deep red colour and strong 

odour. Benz. ac. 
increased in quantity and frequency. Kalm. 1. 
Lob. i. 

but not in frequency. Benz. ac. Elat. 

involuntary. Pod. p. 
nocturnal, (copious.) Sang, c 
painful. Benz. ac 
profuse, of light colour. Oxal. ac. 
with loose cloudy sediment. Lob. i. 

with purple sediment. Fluor, ac 

with red sediment. Lob. i. 

with pink sediment, and a small brown crys- 
tal. Lob. i. 

whitish sediment. Fluor, ac 

Urine, colour of dark brown, scanty with whitish clay like sedi- 
ment. Eup. p. 

high, (scanty.) Eup. p. 

high, like brandy with strong urinous odour. 

Benz. ac. 

light. Fluor, ac, Oxal. ac, Eup. p. 

red, (deep) with copious red sed. Lob. i. 

red, (deep) heavy and without sed. Benz. ac. 

yellow. Kalm. 1. 

Urine, odour of, acrid. Fluor, ac. 

— fragrant. Fluor, ac 

- offensive. Flvior. ac 

pungent and strong. Benz. ac, Fluor, ac. 



SEXUAL, (female.) 283 



SEXUAL, (male.) 

Chancre^ with high coloured and strongly scented urine. Benz. ac . 
Glans peijisj (left side of.) thrilling sens, almost painful, extend- 
ing into the urethra, and ending in a sens, of 
tickling and itching. Benz. ac. 
lulling^ in the sulcus behind the corona glandis. Benz. ac. 
Se?ninal emissions^ during sleep. Fluor, ac. Sang. c. 
Sexual desire^ diminished. Fluor, ac. 

excessive. Oxal. ac. 

erections, on lying down followed by pains in the 

testicles. Oxal. ac. 

increased. Fluor, ac. Oxal. ac. 

with erection during sleep. Fluor, ac. 

Oxal. ac. 
Smarting of the frasntim prsepufii. Benz. ac, Lob. i. 
Spermatic chords, sens, of fulness in. Fluor, ac. 
S uphills, Benz. ac. 
Syphilitic rheumatism. Benz. ac. 
Testicles, jerking in, and spermatic chord. Oxal. ac 
— pain iuj and spermatic chord, worse on right side. 

Oxal. ac 
'— — - hft drawing through to the abdl. ring. Fluor, ac. 
■ occasional stitches, and drawing through to the 

abdl. ring, and spermatic chord. Fluor, ac. 

SEXUAL, (female.) 

Abdominal pains, as if the menses would appear. Sang, c 

' at night. Sang, c 

Jihortion. Sang, c 

After pains, with strong bearing down. Pod. p. 

with heat and flatulency. Pod. p. 

Amenorrhoca. Sang, c, Kalm. I. 

Climacteric disorders. Sang. c. 

Dysmenorrhoea, Sang, c 

Itchi?ig of mons veneris. Eup. p. 

Labia, swelling of, during pregnancy. Pod. p. 

Leucorrhoea, yellowish in the morning. Kalm. 1, 

of thick transparent mucus. Pod. p. 

with constipation and bearing down in i^enitalr;. 

Pod. p. 

Menses, too early appearance of. Pod. p., Sang. c. 
■ painful. Kalm. 1. 

retarded. Fluor, ac, Kalm. I., Pod. p. 

suppression of. Kalm. 1., Lob, i. , Pod. p. 

thick, coagulated. Fluor, ac. 



284 BACK AND LOINS. 

Ovaria^ pain in region of. Pod. p. 

numb, aching pain in region of left o. with heat running 

down the left thigh. Pod. p. 
Pregnancy^ during mdh\\\{Y to lie on abd. in early part of. Pod. p. 

swelling of labia. Sang. c. 

Prolapsus uteri. Pod. p. 

symptoms of, after parturition, with rumbling 

of flatus in region of ascending colon. Pod. p. 
Uterine hemorrhage. Lob. i. ? Sang. c. 

BACK AND LOINS. 

Bruised^ sens, in back, from loins to shoulders. OxaL ac. 
Creeping of cold, from lower part of spine upward. Oxal. ac. 
Heat, strong, extending from the centre of the dorsal region to 

the loins. Fluor, ac. 
Itching^ violent with small pimples on both shoulders and back. 

Fluor, ac. 
Jerking^ in sacrum. Fluor, ac. 

Lameness^ in small of back, in the evening. Kalm, 1. 
Numbness^ and weakness in back and limbs. Oxal. ac. 

sens, of in sacrum. Oxal. ac. 

Pain^ aching. Kalm. 1. 



in OS sacrum, Fluor. 



acute, in back, gradually extending^down into the thighs. 

Oxal. ac. 
bruised, in os sacrum and lumbar region. Fluor, ac. 

as if, in back. Eup. p. 
constant, in spine, with heat and burning. Kalm. 1. 
deep seated, in the back^below the point of shoulder blades, 
more towards the left. Fluor, ac. 

in the left lumbar region, at night. Fluor, ac. 

— in loins, with soreness from motion. Eup. p. 

dull, in region of kidneys. Benz. ac. 

paralytic in small of back, at night, with dulness and pain 

in head. Kalm. 1. 
rheumatic, in the back, from stooping. Trios. 

in nape, shoulders and arms. Sang. c. 
in right shoulder, worse in the forenoon. 
Sang. c. 

in right arm and shoulder, worse at night, and 

inability to raise the arm. Sang. c. 
sudden in shoulder joint. Sang. c. 

severe, in left shoulder. Sang. c. 

in every motion, in upper part of shoulder joint. 

Sang. c. 

sharp, in the three superior dorsal vertebra3, extending 

through to the shoulder blades. Kalm. 1. 

shooting, downwards from the loins to the limbs. Oxal. ac. 

■ sticking, in lower part of tUe left shoulder blade. Kalm. I 



LARYNX. 285 

Pain^ sticking, in region of right kidney. Lob. i. 
— -. in the back. Sana;, c. 

■ and ibwer extremities. Eup. p. 

sometimes high np. near the shoulder blades. 

sometimes deeply seated in the region of 

kidneys. Fluor, ac. 
— small of, when walking or standing. Pod. p. 

in loins, with sens, of coldness, worse at night and from 

motion. Pod. p. 

in loins. Lob. i. 

and stiffness. Trios. 

— region of, towards the right, after rising. Oxal. ac. 
■ left side. Trios. 

- in shoulders. Sang. c. 

— — in right shoulder, and upper part of right arm, worse at 
night on turning in bed. Sang. c. 

right shoulder, on top of. Sang. c. 

from lying on it. Trios. 

- shoulder blades, in. Kalm. 1. 



■under, with chill. Sang. c. 

under the point of right. Fluor, ac, 

Pod. p 

between the shoulders, with soreness. Pod. p. 

in sacrum, and bowels. Sang. c. 

— from lifting. Sang. c. 

alleviated by bending forwards. Sang. c. 

in the morning. Oxal. ac. 

Pressing, below the left shoulder, in the evening. Kalm. 1. 
Pri:kingj burning, itching, near the os coccygis, towards the 

right. Fluor, ac. 
Sensation, as if the spinal column would break, with an ante- 
rior convexity. Kalm. 1. 
iStitches, under the left arm. Kalm. 1. 
Weakness^ in small of back. Eup. p. 

LARYNX. 

^phonia^ with swelling in the throat. Sang. c. 

Dryness^ (chronic) in The throat, with sens, of swelling in the 

larynx, and expectoration of thick mucus. Sang. c. 
Expectoration^ of hard mucus in lumps, and watery running 

from the nose, with sneezing. Oxal. ac. 

of thick yellow mucus from the throat. Oxal. ac. 

of thick mucus. Sang. c. 

easy. Lob. i., Sang. c. 

of a gray, smooth, unctuous matter, with putrid 

salty taste. Kalm. 1. 

extending through the abdomen. Kalm. 1. 

extending to the legs. Pod. p. 



286 LARYNX. 

Cough^ disposition to, with dyspncBa. Eup. p. 

dry. Pod. p. 

excited by a scraping in the larynx. Kalm. 1. 

with coryza, then diarrhoea. Sang. c. 



dry, awaking one from sleep, ceasing with discharge 

of flatus upwards and downwards. Sang. c. 

with expectoration. Saug. c. 

continual, severe, without expectoration, w^ith pain in 

the breast; and circumscribed redness of the cheeks. 
Sang. c. 

— - following and preceding measles. Eup. p. 

hacking, in the evening. Eup. p. 

hectic, from suppressed int. fever. Eup. p. 

loose hacking. Pod. p. 

nocturnal, loose. Eup. p. 

' slight. Sang. c. 

from tickling m the larynx and trachea. Oxal. ac, 

Sang. c. 

frequent, especially whilst eating. Sang. c. 

troublesome, and almost constant dry. hacking. Benz. 

ac, Lob. i. 

■■ — violent, with soreness in the chest. Eup. p. 

tormenting, with expectoration, and circumscribed red- 
ness of the cheeks. Sang. c. 

with soreness and heat in the bronchia. Eup. p. 

^ with flushed face and tearful eyes. Eup. p. 

with easy expectoration of a gray, smooth unctuous mat- 
ter, with a putrid, salt taste. Kalm. 1. 

■ aggravated in the evening. Sang. c. 

Hooping Cough J with costiveness and loss of appetite. Lob. i.. 
Pod. p. 

Hoarseness. Oxal. ac. 

slight, with sneezing and without accompanying 

catarrhal symptoms. Benz. ac. 

with roughness of the voice. Eup. p. 

Injiuenza, Sang, c, Eup. p. 

Irritability^ increased, of larynx. Fluor, ac. 

a peculiar feeling, between tickling and smarting. 

Lob. i. 

Lump^ sens, of, in pit of throat impeding respiration and de 
glutition. Lob. i. 

MucuSj sens, of, in larynx. Oxal. ac. 

— — — secretion of, increased. Oxal. ac. 

diminished. Oxal. ac. 

Pain in larynx, as if in the cartilage inducing deglutition. 
Fluor, ac. 

Sore throat J chronic. Oxal. ac 

Soreness^ sens, of, in larynx while coughing, slightly. Fluor, ac 



GHEST AND HEART. 287 

Tickling in larynx, with a sens, of sticking, the larynx feels 
swelled. Oxal. ac. 

CHEST AND HEART. 

Aching in region of heart. Fluor ac. 
Jsthma. Lob. i-, Sang, c, Benz. ac? 
Beating^ audible, of the heart. Trios. 
Burning feeling in the breast, passing upwards. Lob. i. 
and pressing in the breast, then heat through the ab- 
domen. Sang. c. 
Drawing J feeling of, in left breast, from the nipple to the axilla. 

Lob. i. 
Eruption^ of a thin brownish crust, on the areola of nipple. 

Fluor, ac. 
Grating sens, of, in the chest, at every deep inspiration. Eup. p. 
Hydroihorox, Fluor, ac. Sang. c. 
Inability to lie down on the left side. Eup. p. 
Irritation^ painful, of the pulmonary organs, with heat in the 

chest. Eup. p. 
Itching J on the left breast and right side of the nose after smell- 
ing, Fluor, ac. 

on the right nipple and around it. Fluor, ac. 

' severe, on the breast with small soft pimples, in sum- 
mer. Fluor, ac. 
Jerking^ painful, in the heart. Fluor, ac. 
Oppression of the chest. Kalm. 1., Lob. i. 

with sens, of swelling in the throat. 

Kalm.l. 

— ■ with dyspnoea, dulness of head, and 

nausea. Kalm. 1. 

__ towards the right side. Oxal. ac. 

■ on reclining, accompanied by trembling 

in the lower extremities. Fluor, ac. 
upper part of, not relieved by deep in- 
spiration. Fluor, ac. 

of respiration accelerated, w^ith sens, as if a deeper 

inspiration was required. Lob. i. 

with dull and distressing pain in the 

lower part of sternum, and at each 
side. Lob. c. 

— with sticking pains, on taking a long 

breath. Lob. c. 



requiring deep inspiration. Lob. i. 

• with pain in the chest. Fluor, ac. 

Falpitation of the heart. Sang, c, Kalm. 1. 

— — , with a clucking sens, rising up into the 

throat. Pod. p. 



288 



CHEST AND HEART. 



Palpitation of the hearty from exertion or mental emotion. 
Pod. p. 

immediately after lying down at night. 

Oxal. ac. 
Fain in the chest. Lob. i. 

^.\^\^ cough and expectoration. Sang. c. 

with dry cough. Sang. c. 

with periodic cough. Sang. c. 

increased by deep inspiration. Lob. i./Pod. p. 

' after dinner^ when walking. Lob. i. 

about the third rib^ on the right side midway between 

the sternum and the side. Benz. ac. 

about the third, fourth, and fifth dorsal vertebrae. Lob. i. 

in the right side of the back, about midway between the 

tenth vertebra dorsalis and the side. Benz. ac. 
in the left side, about the sixth rib. increased by deep in- 
spirations, and by bending the body to either side. 
Benz. ac. 

under the middle of sternum. Lob. i. 

aching, under the left breast, Eup. p. 

burning, in a small spot under the right breast. Lob. i. 

— sticking, in the left side of the chesty momentary. 

Fluor, ac. 
boring, violent, through the back under the right shoulder. 

Lob. i. 
deep penetrating, in the posterior part of the left side, 

about the sixth rib. Benz. ac. 
deep seated, in the left side and in the right shoulder. 

Eup. p. 

' in region of the heart. Lob. i. 

drawing, slight, between the scapulse. Lob. i. 

rheumatic, between the scapulae. Lob. i. 

numb, the whole length of the scapula, increased by 

breathing. Sang. c. 

-^ pressing, in the breast and back. Sang. c. 

in the region of the heart. Sang. c. 

at the left side of the lower part of sternum. 

Lob. i. 

in the last rib towards the right, near the spine. 

Fluor, ac. 

: in the middle of the chest. Fluor, ac. 

pricking, in left lung. Lob. c. 

sharp, at the lower part of the sternum, passing through 

to the spine or lower part of right shoulder-blade. 

Elat. 
sharp lancinating, in the left lung, coming on suddenly. 

Oxal. ac. 
sharp shooting, in the left lung and heart, extending to 

the epigastrium. Oxal. ac. 



CHEST AND HEART. 289 

Pain^ slight^ close to the right nipple. Fluor, ac. 

under the left breast. Trios. 

slowly shooting; in the right side of the chest, about the 

seventh rib. Sang. c. 
in the left side of the chest near the 

axilla. Sang. c. 
under the sternum. Sang, c 



sorCj in the left side of chest, as if beneath the skin, felt 

only while moving, and accompanied by a simi- 
lar pain in the left shoulder, in the evening. 
Fluor, ac. 

in the left side of chest, similar to the last^ in the 

morning on rising. Fluor, ac. 

sticking, in the region of the heart. Pod. p. 

as if a stitch would appear deep in the left side of the 

chest, behind the heart. Fluor, ac. 
— — shifting, constantly, but is most permanent in the region 
of the heart. 

like a stitch, from the left side of the chest to the groin, 

increased by respiration. Fluor, ac. 

violent, in the heart, extending from behind and below 

anteriorly. Oxal. ac. 
Pressing, and heaviness, constant, in the whole of the upper 
part of the chest, with difficult breathing. Sang. e. 

in the centre of the sternum in the afternoon, in the 

evening a pressing pain in the middle of the 
chest. Fluor, ac. 
Respiration^ difficult, (dyspnoea.) (chronic,) with a sens, of a 
lump in the pit of throat, impeding deglutition 
and respiration. Lob. i. 

difficult, frequently returning in the afternoon and 

evening. Fluor, ac. 

attended with perspiration and anxious 

countenance, with sleepiness. Eup.p. 

obliging the patient to lie with the head 

and shoulders very high. Eup. p. 

with constrictive pain in the larynx and 

wheezing. Oxal. ac. 

there seems to be an impediment in pit 

of throat and upper part of chest, at the 
same time itching pimples on the back 
and pain in the chest below the point of 
shoulder-blade. Fluor, ac. 

abdominal. Lob. i. 

deep, as if the breast within and below was full, 

in the forenoon during sitting and writing 
Fluor, ac. 

great difficulty of holding the breath. Lob. i. 

25 



290 UPPER EXTREMITIES. 

Respiration^ short inspiration and slow expiration. Lob. i. 

wheezing. Fluor, ac. 

Inspiration, deep. Lob. i. 

inclination to. Pod. p. 

relieving a pressive pain in the epigastrium 

Lob. i. 
Sensation in chest as if strained by lifting. Kalm. 1. 
in chest as if the heart was ascending to the throat. 

Pod. p. 
Shortness of breath. Pod. p. 
S7iappi7igj in the right lung, like breaking a thread; aggravated 

by deep inspiration. Pod. p. 
Sneezing J with gaping and flatulent eructation. Lob. i. ^ 
Soreness^ continual^ in the heart. Fluor, ac. 

in the chest. Eup. p., Fluor, ac. 

sens, of, in larynx. Oxal. ac. 

Stitches^ in the left breast, worse while walking. Oxal. ac. 

in the lower part of chest. Kalm. 1. 

small, in the side. Fluor, ac. 

Sticking^ under the ribs, to the left of the ensiform cartilage, in 
the evening. Fluor, ac. 

Suffocation^ sens, of, when first lying down at night. Pod. p. 

Streaming^ hot burning, in the right breast^ drawing downwards 
towards the liver. Sang. c. 

Ticklings slight, on taking a deep breath, under the lower part 
of the sternum. Lob. i. 

Tightness^ general, of the chest, with short and difficult breath- 
ing. Lob. i. 

of the chest, with heat in the forehead. Lob. i. 

Uneasiness^ about the heart. Fluor, ac. 

UPPER EXTREMITIES. 

•Aching^ in the right elbow joint. Flu6r. ac. 

in the left elbow, in the evening. Fluor ac. 



in the left index finger. Fluor, ac. 



Arthritis. Elat., Eup. p., Oxal. ac. 
Bruised^ and benumbed sens, in the right upper arm and shoul- 
ders, on awaking, after lying on the left side. Fluor, ac. 
Burning of the palms. Sang. c. 
around the bone of the right middle finger, with an 

itching stinging in the skin. Fluor, ac. 
Cracking of the joints of the elbows, frequent, strong. Kalm. 1. 
Drawing^ in the right wrist and forearm. Fluor, ac. 
Eruption of large and small vesicles in groups, with sens, of 

itching on the ulnar side of the right thumb, and the 

radial side of the index finger, leaving behind them 

dry scurfy spots. Fluor, ac. 
Heaviness^ in the right arm, in the morning on awaking. Fluor, ac. 



UPPER EXTREMITIES. 291 

Heat^ in the palms of the hands^ sometimes with moisture. 
Eup. p. 

in the palm of the right hand. Fluor, ac." 

Itching^ severe, on the right shoulder. Fluor, ac. 

■ ■ .with occasionally a severe stitch in the skin, 

changing from the top of one shoulder to 
the other; in the evening. Fluor, ac. 

" violent, on the left shoulder, in the afternoon, on the 

back in the evening, where small pimples arise. 
Fluor, ac. 

' on the right index linger, with eruption of small 

vesicles. Fluor, ac. 
JerJdng, electric, along the left radius to the thumb, which 
moves involuntarily. Fluor, ac. 

in the left thumb, occasionally extending to the middle 

of the forearm. Fluor, ac. 
slowly, repeated, burning, in the end of the little finger. 

Fluor, ac. 
Knicking^ and cracking of the joints. Benz. ac. 
Lameness^ of right arm. Fluor, ac. 



• with pricking sens. Fluor, ac. 



of right hand. Fluor, ac. 

Lividiiy of the hands, in pneumonia. Sang. c. 
Numbness J sleep, of left hand and forearm, in the morning. 
Fluor, ac. 

sens, of, in the left hand, extending to the forearm. 

Fluor, ac. 

with jerking and lameness in the left arm, in the 

morning. Fluor, ac. 

' and weakness in the head and hands. Fluor, ac. 

and rigidity, in the fingers of the right hand. Fluor, ac. 

Pain, aching, in the bones of the left forearm, towards the 
middle. Fluor, ac. 

burning, pricking, in the left shoulder blade. Fluor, ac. 

and jerking, in the whole left arm, as if a slow 

electric shock was passing through the nerves. 
Fluor, ac. 

cramp-like, from the elbow down to the middle of the 

arm. Kalm. 1. 

contused, as if, in the ends of several fingers. Fluor, ac. 

cutting, on the second joint of the left middle finger. 

Sang. c. 

deep penetrating, first in the right, then in the left arm. 

Fluor, ac. 

drawing, on the inner side of the left arm, transitory. 

Kalm. 1. 

dull, in the right shoulder, forearm and hand, extending 

to the fingers. Elat. 



292 UPPER EXTREMITIES. 

Pain^ numbj in the forearms and hands. Fluor, ac. 

in ball of right thumb. Sang c. 

pressing, in the right arm, and a constriction in the left 

side of the neck, in the morning. Fluor, ac. 

— in the left arm, just above the elbow. Fluor, ac. 

rheumatic, in the bones of the left arm, from elbow to 

shoulder, with lameness. Fluor, ac. 



— in the arms and hands. Sang. c. 

in right arm and shoulder, worse at night. 

Sang. c. 
in the right forearm, in the evening. Sang. c. 
slight, in the right shoulder joint. Lob. i. 
in shoulder joint. Sang. c. 
severe, in the right elbow joint. Lob. i. 
shifting, as from the hand to the opposite arm, then in the 

heart, &c. Benz. ac. 
severe in the hand, with aching in the arm, when lying 
warm and quiet in bed Sang. c. 
as from a bile, in the right palm, near the index 
finger. Sang. c. 
slight pinching, in the middle of the left forearm. Fluor, ac. 
sudden jerking, in the left shoulder, in the bone. Fluor, ac. 
sharp sticking, in the muscular parts of the thumb. Flat. 

in the fingers of the left hand out to their 

extremities. Flat. 
in the joints of the fingers of the right hand. Benz. ac. 
about the right w^rist and finger joints. Fluor, ac. 
in the right elbow joint and left side. Fluor, ac. 
in the right elbow joint. Lob. i. 

in the right shoulder joint of short duration, and extend- 
ing towards the fingers, as if air was passing down. 
Fluor, ac. 
in the first joint of the right little finger. Fluor, ac. 
in the right hand. Kalm. 1. 
in the right arm. Kalm. 1. 

in the right metacarpus, from exposure to cold. Fluor, ac. 
in the right upper arm, in the bone towards the elbow, 

passing to the left arm, in the afternoon. Fluor, ac. 
in the left arm, above the elbow, following the pains in 

the right side. Fluor, ac. 
in. the left shoulder, beneath the skin, and in the left side 

of the chest. Benz. ac. 
in the left wrist, as if palsied. Kalm. 1. 
in the left index finger, as if in the bone. Fluor, ac. 
in the left hand, close to the wrist in the palm. Kalm. 1. 
in all the fingers of the left hand. Kalm. 1. 
in the muscles of the right arm, only when touched. Lob. i. 



UPPER EXTREMITIES. 293 

Pain^ as from a bile at the root of the right thumb nail, then in 
the left, from this to all the fingers of both hands, in 
turn. Sang, c. 

sens> of, along the back of the left little finger. Fluor, ac. 

extending from the shoulder, to the ends of the fingers 

and shooting back up to the elbow. Elat. 

Painless sens, beneath the nail of the left thumb, as if some- 
thing was working its way out, Fluor, ac. 

Paralytic J feeling, in the left arm, Lob. i. 

— in the right hand. Kalm. 1. 

Perspiration^ in the palms of the hands. Fluor, ac. 

Pricking^ acute, like with a needle, in the fiiigers. Fluor, ac. 

in the ends of the index fingers, most in the left : also 

in the right thumb. Fluor, ac. 

sens, through the whole body^ extending even to the 

fingers and toes. Lob. i. 

Redness^ of both hands, Fluor, ac. 

and severe burning. Sang. c. 

Rheumatism^ (see pain.) Fluor, ac, Lob. i., Sang, c, Pod. p. 

Rending^ in the ri^ht shoulder and down the arm. Kalm. 1. 



in the shoulder joint. Kalm. 1. 



from the left elbo^^. down the arm to the index fin2:er. 

Kalm. 1. 

from the knuckle of the little finger of the right hand, 

up to the elbow. Kalm. 1. 
Soreness, and aching in the arms, and forearms. Eup. p. 

painful in both wrists, as if broken or dislocated. Eup. p. 

Sticking, in the point of the right little finger. Sang. c. 

Stitch^ violent, burning, in the fleshy part of the left thumb. 

Fluor, ac. 

es, repeated in the hands. Kalm. 1. 

es. fine crawling, on the- inside of the right deltoid mus 

cle. Lob. i. 
Stiffness, of the finger joints. Sang. c. 

of the arms. Oxal. ac. 

of the lingerSj with obtuseness of the sense of touch. 

Eup. p. 

of all the joints. Trios, p. 

Trembling^ in the biceps of the right arm, Fluor, ac. 

— — in the triceps of the right arm. Fluor, ac. 

Ulceration J at the roots of the nails, on all the fingers of both 

hands. Sang. c. 
Weakness^ of the wrists, with soreness to the touch. Pod. p 
Weariness^ in the limbs. Lob. i. 

25*^ 



294 LOWER EXTREMITIES. 



LOWER EXTREMITIES. 

Arthritic inflammation of the left knee, and the right elbow. 

Eup. p. 
Jlnthritis^ (see pain.) 

Achingj slight, in the left hand and fingers, and in the posterior 
part of the left leg, towards the heel, with jerking 
in the heel. Kalni. 1. 
' of the limbs, worse at night. Pod. p. 

— — in the tarsal bones of the right foot. Kalra. 1. 
Beaten, sens, as if, in the calves of the legs. Eup. p. 
Burning^ of the hands and feet, in the night. Sang. c. 

' in the skin on the inner side of the thighs of a female. 

Eup. p. 
— in the soles of the feet and in the palms of the hands, 

forenoon. Sang. c. 

in the soles of the feet, worse at night. Sang, c, 

sens, in the sole of the right foot. Fluor, ac. 

stitches, in the morning, under the soles of both feet. 

Fluor, ac. 
Coldness^ and stiffness in the feet. Trios, p., Pod. p. 
' feeling of, in the knees, as if they were blown upon 

by a cold wind. Benz. ac. 
Cracking^ in the knee joints from motion. Pod. p. 
Cramp^ m the calf of the leg on awaking from a restless sleep. 
Lob. i. 

like feeling, in the left gastrocnemius. Lob. i. 

in the hollow of the left foot. Lob. i. 

and pain, in the calf of the left leg- Sang. c. 

Crawling^ sens, of, in the sole of the right foot. Fluor, ac. 
Drawing^ in the calves and into the instep, worse right than left. 

Sang. c. 
and shrinking, sens, of, in the legs and pricking in the 

soles of the feet. Trios, p. 
Eruption^ of red inflamed spots, liUe the beginning of blood 

biles, in different places on the body. Kalm. 1. 
Flagging of the muscles of the left thigh, as if they were falling 

off the bone. Eup. p. 
Heaiy in the sole of the right foot. Fluor, ac. 

in the soles of the feet in the morning. Eup. p. 

Heaviness^ and stiffness of the knees as after a long walk. Pod. p. 
Jtchtfig^ on various parts of the body and extremities, yielding 
an agreeable feeling on being scratched, but followed 
by a burning Benz. ac. 

in the bend of the right knee, in the afternoon. Kalm. 1. 

' in the left instep. Fluor, ac. 



LOWER EXTREMITIES. 295 

Itching, excessive and burning, of red spots,"about the size of a 

pea, in the region of the knee. Kalm. 1. 
Knicking and cracking of the joints. Benz. ac. 
Lhidity of the nails and fingers. Oxal. ac. 

coldness, and almost complete loss of motion in the 

legs. Oxal. ac. 
Lameness and stiffness in the lower extremities. Oxal. ac. 

in the left hip. Fluor, ac. 

in the right hip and lo\rer extremity when walking. 

Eup. p. 

in right foot, and a dull aching pain in the os femoris, 

tibia and fibula. Fluor, ac. 
— — — sens, of, like a sprain in the right ankle-joint. 

Fluor, ac. 
Numbness^ in the right knee-joint. Fluor, ac. 

of left leg. Fluor, ac. 

in the shins, in the afternoon. Kalm. 1. 

— — — of the limbs as if asleep. Kalm. 1. 

in the calves of the legs. Trios, p. 

Perspiration of the feet in the evening. Pod. p. 
Fain^ aching, in the right hip. Eup. p.'! 

in the left hip, then in the thigh, next in the knees 
then in the toes. Benz. ac. 
in the right ankle-joint, with a sensation of swell- 
ing. Oxal. ac. 
acute, pricking, in the ends of the toes of the right foot, 

Fluor, ac. 
bruise-like, of the thigh. Fluor, ac. 

alternating with burning and pressure in the 

breast. Sang, c. 
in the left hip-joint, M^hilst walking, but 
worse on rising from a seat. Sang. c. 
burning, in the right instep. Fluor, ac. 
— — — itching, in the back part of the thigh. Fluor, ac. 

shooting, as if in the nerve, from the right hip 

downwards. Fluor, ac. 
violent, in all the toes. Fluor, ac. 

violent, in the external tendon of the left 
, knee. Oxal. ac. 
deep-seated, below the right knee. Fluor, ac. 
drawing, in the left leg and foot. Fluor, ac, 
in the calf of the right leg. Fluor, ac. 



in the right ankle-joint, in the evening during 

a walk, spreading gradually over the whole 
leg, and causing lameness, Fluor, ac. 

frequent, here and there in the limbs, continually chang- 
ing from one place to another. Kalm. 1. 



296 



LOWER EXTREMITIES. 



Pain^ frequent in the muscles of the extremities^ and also in 
the head, with dulness. vertigo, &c. 
Kalm.l. 

sliding, in the hollow of the left knee. Oxal. ac. 

peculiar J along the outside of the left leg, frequently re- 

peated. Kalm. 1. 

penetrating, on the outside of the left knee. Fluor, ac. 

under and behind the left external malleo- 
lus after sleeping. Trios. 

pressing, in the fleshy part of the thigh. Fluor, ac. 

in the left shin, and in the muscles of the right 

arm. Kalm. 1. 

in the left foot. Fluor, ac. 

in the whole body. Kalm. 1. 

on the exterior middle part of the thigh, with 

constrictive feeling in the head. Lob. l 

rheumatic, on the inside of left knee. Eup. p. 

in the left hip. Sang. c. 

in the limbs. Sang. c. 

on the inside of right thigh. Sang. c. 

severe, in the left knee, on the outside, disappears after 
friction. Fluor, ac. 

— ^ in ail the toes of left foot, except the large one. 

Fluor, ac. 

in the hollow of the right knee and in the calf of 

the leg, with dyspnoea, preceded by a sticking 
pain in the right index finger. Kalm. 1. 
- in the tendo achiliis close to the os calcis, when 

supporting a part of the weight of the body on 
the left foot. Eenz. ac. 
sharp, in the right ankle-joint. Oxal. ac. 

in the outer and upper portion of the left foot. 

Pod. p. 

in the left ankle, during the time it supports the 

weight of the body in walking. Benz. ac. 
— shooting, coming on* suddenly and lasting about 
15 minutes. Oxal. ac. 
on the instep of the right foot. Oxal. ac. 

shooting, and also dull aching pains in the left thigh, in 

the course of the sciatic nerve, extendmg to the instep 

and extremities of the toes. Flat. 
— ^ spasmodic, violent, in the left posterior iliac region 

Lob.i. 

« sprain-like, in the left ankle-joint during walking. 

Fluor, ac. 
.-—-sprain-like, in the feet and hands, occasionally. Kalm.l. 
sticking, in the right hip joint. Oxal. ac. 



LOWER EXTREMITIES. 297 

Pain^ sticking in the right ankle Sang. c. 

tearing; -violent^ in the fibula from below up to the knee- 

joint. Lob. i. 

in the right knee^ from below upwards, followed 

by a quick very transient pressing pain in 
the left temple. Fluor, ac. 

violent, in the left foot. Kalm. 1. 

slightly burning, quick nervous pain, proceeding 

from the bladder down to the right thigh. 
Fluor, ac. 

► in both lower extremities, especially in the knees, with 

pain in the right shoulder and in the left arm. 
Kalm. 1. 

- in both legs and in the left arm in the evening. Kalm. 1. 

in the thighs, legs and knees, worse from standing. 

Pod. p. 

in the right thigh and ankle, shifting. Benz. ac. 

in the right hip. Fluor, ac. 

in the right tendo achillis, and in the region of the heart, 

Benz. ae. 

in the left tendo achillis, after leaving the right. Benz. ac. 

on the right knee, inside of. Fluor, ac. 

- in the right external ankle. Fluor, ac, 

in the right knee, extending to the instep and toes. Elat. 

in the right knee. Trios, p. 

in the right ischiatic nerve. Fluor, ac. 

in the corns of right foot. Fluor, ac. 

in the left le^ whilst sitting. Lob. i. 

- over the left hip, with soreness in a spot not larger than a 

pea. Eup. p. 

in the left giutsei muscles, passing round in front of the 

trochanter major, accompanied by great sensitiveness. 
Eup. p. 

in the foot, increased by standing on it. Eup. p. 

in the left instep. Fluor, ac, 

and weakness in the left hip, like rheumatism from cold. 

Pod. p. 

in the leit femur, inner condyle of. Fluor, ac. 

in the gastrocnemii. Benz. ac. 

in the left knee, leg and foot. Pod, p. 

in the left knee and foot, and also in the right foot. Kalm. 1. 

in the bend of left knee, followed by severe pain in left 

index finger, and right foot. Kalm. 1. 

in the left foot. Kalm. 1. 

in the left elbow, arm and knee, in the morning. Kalm.l. 

in the left foot, with headache. Sang. c. 



298 LOWER EXTREMITIES. 

Fain, and soreness of the upper part of tke left foot with in- 
creased sensibility of the left big toe. Eup. p. 

- in the toes. Benz. ac. 

in the large joints of great toes, with slight tumefaction 

and redness. Benz. ac. 
« in the great toe, of an arthritic nature. Elat. 

in the first joint of the left great toe, suddenly moving to 

the corresponding joint of the right one. Eup. p. 

in the toes of the right foot in the first joints. Fluor, ac. 

Gainful excoriation on the second toe of the left foot. Fluor, ac. 
Paralytic feeling in the left arm. Lob. i. 

weakness, slight, of the whole side. Pod. p. 

Pressure and lameness, with pain in the forearm. Fluor, ac. 
in the left shin and shoulder, and also in the left arm, 

followed by pressing in the right shoulder and arm. 

Kalm. 1. 
Pricking^ in the soles of the feet. Eup. p. 

Rheumatism^ (see pain) acute, inflammatory and arthritic. 
Sang. c. 

inflammatory of the right knee, with extreme pain 

and swelling. Lob. i. 
Rheumatic pain in the limbs. Sang. c. 
Stiffness and general soreness of the lower extremities when 

rising to walk. Eup. p. 
«— — of the knees. Sang. c. 

— when attempting to rise. Trios. 

and tightness in the bend and sides of the knees. 

Sang. c. 
of all the joints of the upper as well as of the lower 

extremities. Trios. 
remarkable, in the lower extremities, with slight cold- 
ness, and tingling sens. Trios. 
of the joints of the toes, ankles and knees when lyina- 

Trios. 
of the limbs, and rheumatic pains with headache. 

Sang. c. 
Sticking in the soles of the feet. Kalm. 1., Lob. c. 
as from a needle in the instep, in the morning in bed. 

Sang. c. 
Stinging /\n \he \oe^. Kalm. 1. 

in the great toe of the left foot. Kalm. 1. 

Stitches J suddenly attacking the hip bones of the right side in 

the evening. Kalm. 1. 
on the lower part of the knee, outside, in the evening. 

Kalm. L 

acute, on the right hip bone. Fluor, ac. 



LOWER EXTRi;MITlES. 299 

A stitch^ passing perpendicularly upwards through the right 
great toe, followed by a burningj then again a stitch, 
and afterwards appearing in the left great toe. 
Benz. ac. 

Soreness and pain on motion in the left hip, worse in the morn- 
ing on getting out of bed. Fluor, ac. 

in the muscles of the thighs. Fluor, ac. 

and swelling of both feet, when standing on them. 

Eup. p. 

and aching of the lower limbs. Eup. p. 

Swelling^ acute, of the joints of the extremities. Sang. c. 

dropsical, of the feet, and ankles. Eup. p. 

A Twitch in the left deltoid muscle, followed by one in the 
right after lying down in bed. Oxal. ac. 

Uneasiness in limbs and feet. Oxal. ac. 

Weakness of the limbs, with pains in the sacrum. Sang. c. 

of the joints, especially of the knees. Pod. p. 

Weariness in the limbs. Lob. i., Kalm. 1. 



ge 13, 


7th li 


15, 


12th 


18, 


nth 


- 19, 


4th, 1 


21, 


20th 1 


23, 


17th 


35, 


9 th 


37, 


4th 


40, 


15th 


40, 


16th 


43, 


20th 


48, 


5th 


51, 


14th 


52, 


19tli 


53, 


18th 


58, 


4th 


59, 


lOlh 


59, 


17th 


61, 


8 th 


62, 


11th 


* 67, 


18th 


72, 


l3th 


72, 


2d 


72, 


16th 


77, 


6th 


77, 


20th 


114, 


13th 


127, 


14th 


136, 


17 th 


137, 


20th 


139, 


21st 


143, 


7th 


151, 


14th 


152, 


15 th 


154, 


10th 


158, 


14th 


163, 


10th 


164, 


20th 


167, 


nth 


172, 


15th 


177, 


6ih 


179, 


141h 


196, 


14th 


207, 


11th 


208, 


18th 


210, 


2d 


212, 


8th 


219, 


8th 


228, 


11th 


251, 


4th 


248, 


2d 


248, 


7th 



ERRATA. 

7th line from bottom, for "Pharmocopoeias" read Pharmacopoeias, 
top, for "graminivrous" read graminivorous, 
top, for "foetid" read fetid. 
10th, and 16th from bottom, for "achilles" read achillis. 
20th line from bottom, for "phjscian'* read physician. 
*"■' " *' for "foetid" read fetid. 

" for "continues" read continue. 
" for "this ceases" read these cease. 
" for "not gums or alveolar process" read not in 
the gums or alveolar processes, 
top, for "jaws" read jaw. 
top, for "rincing" read rinsing, 
bottom, for "disagreable" read disagreeable, 
top for "stiches" read stitches. 

" for "rincing" read rinsing. 
" for "stiches" read stitches. 
" for "a week" read the week. 
" for "hand" read hands. 
'' after "wrist" read and. 
" for "glutei" read gluteei. 
«* for "achilles" read achillis. 
bottom, for "glutei" read gluteei. 

top, for "the perennial and barks" read perennial and 
the barks, 
bottom, for "eues" read neues. 
" for "chalices" read calices. 
" for "oesophages" read oesophagus. 
" for "ceteris" read caeteris. 
top, for "rincing" read rinsing, 
bottom, for "was" read were. % 

" for "alleopathists" read alloeopathists. 
" for "wineglassfull" read wineglassful. 
" for "developement" read development, 
top, for "glutei" read glutaei. 
bottom, "dispondancj" read despondency, 
top for "wineglassfull" read wineglassful. 
" for "Sweedish" read Swedish. 
" for "cervicle" read cervical, 
bottom, for "stiches" read stitches. 
'' for "gluteus" read glutaeus. 
" for "stiches" read stitches. 
" for "calix" read calyx. 

" for "cotemporaneous" read contemporaneous. 
" for "euphorbia" read euphorbium. 
top, for "climactric" read climacteric, 
bottom, for "hemoptysis" read hsemoptysis. 
" for "hemorrhoids" read haemorrhoids, 
top, for hypochondriac" read hypochondria. 
" for "voraceous" read voracious. 
" for "filliform" read filiform. 
" for "disposion" read disposition. 
" for "emectic" read emetic, 
bottom, for "later" read latter. 
" for "illi" read ilii. 









%^^^ 






0' c" ' /^ 






•j^r^^ 






'^iiiJ)'-^ 



^% 



O. 



\ <' ^ 
f5 5) ' 



'^^• 

A-'^. 



^:^} 



'>^\iiij^. 






.-c^^"^^. 



-S^^ 






%^-- 



:;^^ 






